The Burma Railway is also known as the Siam-Burma Railway, the Thai-Burma Railway, or the Death Railway. It is a 415 km (258 mi) long railway between Ban Pong in Thailand and Thanbyuzayat in Myanmar, which was called Burma at the time of the railway's construction.

The railway was built on orders of the Japanese, over a period from 1940 to 1943 by forced labour, including some 250,000 abducted southeast Asian civilians and thousands of captured Allied soldiers. The Japanese wanted to use the railway to move troops and supplies. They called it Tai–Men Rensetsu Tetsudō (泰緬連接鉄道), which means Thailand-Burma-Link-Railway.

More than 90,000 civilians and 12,000 Allied soldiers died during its construction and even for some years afterwards because of the lack of medical care and access to food.

After WWII, most of the railway was dismantled and only 130 km (81 mi) remain. Trains still run between Ban Pong and Nam Tok, both in Thailand.