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Country ranking for field: environment current issues 1994
Other rankings:
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age structure 0-14 years
age structure 15-64 years
age structure 65 years and over
airports
airports with paved runways 1524 to 2437 m
airports with paved runways 2438 to 3047 m
airports with paved runways 914 to 1523 m
airports with paved runways over 3047 m
airports with paved runways total
airports with paved runways under 914 m
airports with unpaved runways 1524 to 2437 m
airports with unpaved runways 2438 to 3047 m
airports with unpaved runways 914 to 1523 m
airports with unpaved runways over 3047 m
airports with unpaved runways total
airports with unpaved runways under 914 m
area land
area total
area water
birth rate
broadband fixed subscriptions subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
broadband fixed subscriptions total
budget expenditures
budget revenues
budget surplus or deficit
carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy
children under the age of 5 years underweight
coastline
contraceptive prevalence rate
credit ratings Fitch rating
credit ratings Moodys rating
credit ratings Standard & Poors rating
crude oil exports
crude oil imports
crude oil production
crude oil proved reserves
current account balance
current health expenditure
death rate
debt external
dependency ratios elderly dependency ratio
dependency ratios potential support ratio
dependency ratios total dependency ratio
dependency ratios youth dependency ratio
drinking water source improved rural
drinking water source improved total
drinking water source improved urban
drinking water source unimproved rural
drinking water source unimproved total
drinking water source unimproved urban
ease of doing business index scores
education expenditures
electricity consumption
electricity exports
electricity from fossil fuels
electricity from hydroelectric plants
electricity from nuclear fuels
electricity from other renewable sources
electricity imports
electricity installed generating capacity
electricity production
elevation mean elevation
exports
gdp composition by end use exports of goods and services
gdp composition by end use government consumption
gdp composition by end use imports of goods and services
gdp composition by end use investment in fixed capital
gdp composition by end use investment in inventories
gdp composition by sector of origin agriculture
gdp composition by sector of origin industry
gdp composition by sector of origin services
gdp official exchange rate
gdp per capita ppp
gross national saving
heliports
hivaids adult prevalence rate
hivaids deaths
hivaids people living with hivaids
household income or consumption by percentage share highest 10
imports
industrial production growth rate
infant mortality rate female
infant mortality rate male
infant mortality rate total
inflation rate consumer prices
internet users percent of population
irrigated land
labor force
labor force by occupation farming forestry and fishing
labor force by occupation industry
labor force by occupation industry and services
labor force by occupation managerial professional and technical
labor force by occupation manufacturing
labor force by occupation manufacturing extraction transportation and crafts
labor force by occupation other services
labor force by occupation sales and office
labor force by occupation services
land boundaries total
land use agricultural land
land use arable land
land use forest
land use other
land use permanent crops
land use permanent pasture
life expectancy at birth female
life expectancy at birth male
life expectancy at birth total population
maritime claims contiguous zone
maritime claims exclusive economic zone
maritime claims territorial sea
maternal mortality rate
median age female
median age male
median age total
merchant marine total
military expenditures
mothers mean age at first birth
national air transport system annual freight traffic on registered air carriers
national air transport system inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers
national air transport system number of registered air carriers
nationality
nationality adjective
nationality noun
natural gas consumption
natural gas exports
natural gas imports
natural gas production
natural gas proved reserves
obesity adult prevalence rate
ousehold income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10
physicians density
population
population below poverty line
population growth rate
public debt
purchasing power parity real
railways standard gauge
railways total
real gdp growth rate
refined petroleum products consumption
refined petroleum products exports
refined petroleum products imports
refined petroleum products production
reserves of foreign exchange and gold
roadways paved
roadways total
roadways unpaved
sanitation facility access improved rural
sanitation facility access improved total
sanitation facility access improved urban
sanitation facility access unimproved rural
sanitation facility access unimproved total
sanitation facility access unimproved urban
school life expectancy primary to tertiary education female
school life expectancy primary to tertiary education male
school life expectancy primary to tertiary education total
sex ratio 0-14 years
sex ratio 15-24 years
sex ratio 25-54 years
sex ratio 55-64 years
sex ratio 65 years and over
sex ratio at birth
taxes and other revenues
telephones fixed lines subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
telephones fixed lines total subscriptions
telephones mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
telephones mobile cellular total subscriptions
total fertility rate
unemployment rate
unemployment youth ages 15-24 female
unemployment youth ages 15-24 male
unemployment youth ages 15-24 total
urbanization rate of urbanization
urbanization urban population
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2024
This entry lists the most pressing and important environmental problems. The following terms and abbreviations are used throughout the entry:
World
large areas subject to overpopulation industrial disasters pollution
1
Afghanistan
0
2
Pakistan
water pollution from untreated sewage industrial wastes and agricultural runoff; water scarcity; a majority of the population does not have access to safe drinking water; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification
3
Netherlands Antilles
NA
4
New Caledonia
NA
5
New Zealand
deforestation; soil erosion; native flora and fauna hard-hit by species introduced from outside
6
Nicaragua
deforestation; soil erosion; water pollution
7
Niger
overgrazing; soil erosion; deforestation; desertification; wildlife populations
8
Nigeria
soil degradation; rapid deforestation; desertification; recent droughts in north severely affecting marginal agricultural activities
9
Niue
NA
10
Norfolk Island
NA
11
North Korea
localized air pollution attributable to inadequate industrial controls
12
Northern Mariana Islands
contamination of groundwater on Saipan by raw sewage contributes to disease
13
Norway
water pollution; acid rain damaging forests and adversely affecting lakes threatening fish stocks; air pollution from vehicle emissions
14
Oman
rising soil salinity; beach pollution from oil spills; sparse natural freshwater resources
15
Pacific Ocean
endangered marine species include the dugong sea lion sea otter seals turtles and whales; oil pollution in Philippine Sea and South China Sea
16
Palmyra Atoll
NA
17
Navassa Island
NA
18
Panama
water pollution from agricultural runoff threatens fishery resources; deforestation of tropical rain forest; land degradation
19
Papua New Guinea
deforestation; pollution from mining projects
20
Paracel Islands
NA
21
Paraguay
deforestation; water pollution; inadequate means for waste disposal present health hazards for many urban residents
22
Peru
deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; air pollution in Lima
23
Philippines
deforestation; soil erosion; water pollution; air pollution in Manila
24
Pitcairn Islands
NA
25
Poland
forest damage due to air pollution; improper means for disposal of large amounts of hazardous and industrial waste; severe water pollution from industrial and municipal sources; severe air pollution results from emissions of sulfur dioxide from coal-fired power plants
26
Portugal
soil erosion; air pollution caused by industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution especially in coastal areas
27
Puerto Rico
NA
28
Qatar
limited freshwater resources are increasing dependence on large-scale desalination facilities
29
Romania
soil erosion and degradation; water pollution; air pollution in south from industrial effluents; contamination of Danube delta wetlands
30
Russia
air pollution from heavy industry emissions of coal-fired electric plants and transportation in major cities; industrial and agricultural pollution of inland waterways and sea coasts; deforestation; soil erosion; soil contamination from improper application of agricultural chemicals; scattered areas of sometimes intense radioactive contamination
31
Rwanda
deforestation; overgrazing; soil exhaustion; soil erosion
32
Nepal
the almost total dependence on wood for fuel and cutting down trees to expand agricultural land without replanting has resulted in widespread deforestation; soil erosion; water pollution
33
Nauru
limited water resources roof storage tanks collect rainwater; phosphate mining threatens limited remaining land resources
34
Saint Helena
NA
35
Mali
deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; inadequate supplies of safe drinking water; poaching
36
Lebanon
deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; air and water pollution
37
Lesotho
population pressure forcing settlement in marginal areas results in overgrazing severe soil erosion soil exhaustion; desertification
38
Liberia
West Africa's largest tropical rain forest subject to deforestation; soil erosion; loss of biodiversity
39
Libya
desertification; sparse natural surface-water resources; the Great Manmade River Project the largest water development scheme in the world is being built to bring water from large aquifers under the Sahara to coastal cities
40
Liechtenstein
NA
41
Lithuania
contamination of soil and groundwater with petroleum products and chemicals at military bases
42
Luxembourg
deforestation
43
Macau
NA
44
Macedonia
air pollution from metallurgical plants
45
Madagascar
soil erosion results from deforestation and overgrazing; desertification; surface water contaminated with untreated sewage and other organic wastes; several species of flora and fauna unique to the island are endangered
46
Malawi
deforestation; land degradation; water pollution from agricultural runoff sewage industrial wastes; siltation of spawning grounds endangers fish population
47
Malaysia
air and water pollution; deforestation
48
Maldives
depletion of freshwater aquifers threatens water supplies
49
Malta
fresh water very scarce; increasing reliance on desalination
50
Namibia
very limited natural water resources; desertification
51
Marshall Islands
inadequate supplies of safe drinking water
52
Martinique
NA
53
Mauritania
overgrazing deforestation and soil erosion aggravated by drought are contributing to desertification; water scarcity away from the Senegal which is the only perennial river
54
Mauritius
water pollution
55
Mayotte
NA
56
Mexico
natural water resources scarce and polluted in north inaccessible and poor quality in center and extreme southeast; untreated sewage and industrial effluents polluting rivers in urban areas; deforestation; widespread erosion; desertification; serious air pollution in the national capital and urban centers along US-Mexico border
57
Midway Islands
NA
58
Moldova
heavy use of agricultural chemicals including banned pesticides such as DDT has contaminated soil and groundwater; extensive soil erosion from poor farming methods
59
Monaco
NA
60
Mongolia
limited water resources; policies of the former communist regime promoting rapid urbanization and industrial growth have raised concerns about their negative effects on the environment; the burning of soft coal and the concentration of factories in Ulaanbaatar have severely polluted the air; deforestation overgrazing the converting of virgin land to agricultural production have increased soil erosion from wind and rain; desertification
61
Montserrat
NA
62
Morocco
land degradation/desertification
63
Mozambique
civil strife in the hinterlands has resulted in increased migration to urban and coastal areas with adverse environmental consequences; desertification; pollution of surface and coastal waters
64
Myanmar
deforestation
65
Réunion
NA
66
Saint Kitts and Nevis
NA
67
Laos
deforestation; soil erosion
68
United Arab Emirates
lack of natural freshwater resources being overcome by desalination plants; desertification; beach pollution from oil spills
69
Togo
deforestation attributable to slash-and-burn agriculture and the use of wood for fuel; recent droughts affecting agriculture
70
Tokelau
very limited natural resources and overcrowding are contributing to emigration to New Zealand
71
Tonga
deforestation
72
Trinidad and Tobago
water pollution from agricultural chemicals industrial wastes and untreated sewage; oil pollution of beaches; land degradation
73
Tromelin Island
NA
74
Tunisia
toxic and hazardous waste disposal is ineffective and presents human health risks; water pollution from untreated sewage; water scarcity; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification
75
Turkey
water pollution from dumping of chemicals and detergents; air pollution; deforestation
76
Turkmenistan
contamination of soil and groundwater with agricultural chemicals pesticides; salinization water-logging of soil due to poor irrigation methods; Caspian Sea pollution; diversion of a large share of the flow of the Amu Darya river into irrigation contributes to that river's inability to replenish the Aral Sea; desertification
77
Turks and Caicos Islands
freshwater scarcity private cisterns collect rainwater
78
Tuvalu
since there are no streams or rivers and groundwater is not potable all water needs must be met by catchment systems with storage facilities
79
U.S. Virgin Islands
lack of natural freshwater resources
80
Uganda
draining of wetlands for agricultural use; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion
81
Ukraine
unsafe drinking water; air and water pollution; deforestation; radiation contamination in the northeast from 1986 accident at Chornobyl' Nuclear Power Plant
82
United Kingdom
sulfur dioxide emissions from power plants contribute to air pollution; some rivers polluted by agricultural wastes and coastal waters polluted because of large-scale disposal of sewage at sea
83
The Gambia
deforestation; desertification; water-borne diseases prevalent
84
United States
air pollution resulting in acid rain in both the US and Canada; the US is the largest single emitter of carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels; water pollution from runoff of pesticides and fertilizers; sparse water resources in much of the western part of the country requires careful management; desertification
85
Uruguay
NA
86
Uzbekistan
drying up of the Aral Sea is resulting in growing concentrations of chemical pesticides and natural salts; these substances are then blown from the increasingly exposed lake bed and contribute to desertification; water pollution from industrial wastes is the cause of many human health disorders; increasing soil salinization; soil contamination from agricultural chemicals including DDT
87
Vanuatu
NA
88
Venezuela
sewage pollution of Lago de Valencia; oil and urban pollution of Lago de Maracaibo; deforestation; soil degradation; urban and industrial pollution especially along the Caribbean coast
89
Vietnam
deforestation; soil degradation; water pollution and overfishing threatening marine life populations
90
Wake Island
NA
91
Wallis and Futuna
NA
92
West Bank
NA
93
Western Sahara
sparse water and arable land
94
Western Samoa
soil erosion
95
Yemen
scarcity of natural freshwater resources
96
Zaire
poaching threatens wildlife populations; water pollution; deforestation
97
Zambia
poaching seriously threatens rhinoceros and elephant populations; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification
98
The Netherlands
water pollution in the form of heavy metals organic compounds and nutrients such as nitrates and phosphates; air pollution from vehicles and refining activities; acid rain
99
The Bahamas
NA
100
Saint Lucia
deforestation; soil erosion
101
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
NA
102
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
pollution of coastal waters and shorelines from discharges by pleasure yachts and other effluents
103
Saint-Pierre and Miquelon
NA
104
Saudi Arabia
desertification; depletion of underground water resources; the lack of perennial rivers or permanent water bodies has prompted the development of extensive seawater desalination facilities; coastal pollution from oil spills
105
Senegal
wildlife populations threatened by poaching; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification
106
Serbia and Montenegro
coastal water pollution from sewage outlets especially in tourist-related areas such as Kotor; air pollution around Belgrade and other industrial cities; water pollution from industrial wastes dumped into the Sava which flows into the Danube
107
Seychelles
no fresh water catchments collect rain water
108
Sierra Leone
rapid population growth pressuring the environment; overharvesting of timber expansion of cattle grazing and slash-and-burn agriculture have resulted in deforestation and soil exhaustion; civil war depleting natural resources
109
Singapore
industrial pollution; limited water supply; limited land availability presents waste disposal problems
110
Slovakia
acid rain damaging forests
111
Slovenia
Sava River polluted with domestic and industrial waste; heavy metals and toxic chemicals along coastal waters; forest damage near Koper from air pollution originating at metallurgical and chemical plants
112
Solomon Islands
deforestation; soil erosion; limited arable land
113
Somalia
use of contaminated water contributes to health problems; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification
114
South Africa
lack of important arterial rivers or lakes requires extensive water conservation and control measures; growth in water usage threatens to outpace supply; pollution of rivers from agricultural runoff and urban discharge; air pollution resulting in acid rain; soil erosion; desertification
115
South Korea
air pollution in large cities; water pollution from the discharge of sewage and industrial effluents
116
Thailand
air pollution increasing from vehicle emissions; water pollution from organic and factory wastes; deforestation; wildlife populations threatened by illegal hunting
117
Spain
pollution of the Mediterranean Sea from untreated sewage and effluents from the offshore production of oil and gas; air pollution; deforestation; desertification
118
Spratly Islands
NA
119
Sri Lanka
deforestation; soil erosion; wildlife populations threatened by poaching; coastal degradation from mining activities and increased pollution; freshwater resources being polluted by industrial wastes and sewage runoff
120
Sudan
contaminated water supplies present human health risks; wildlife populations threatened by excessive hunting; soil erosion; desertification
121
Suriname
NA
122
Svalbard
NA
123
Swaziland
limited access to safe drinking water presents human health risks; wildlife populations being depleted because of excessive hunting; overgrazing; soil degradation; soil erosion
124
Sweden
acid rain damaging soils and lakes; pollution of the North Sea and the Baltic Sea
125
Switzerland
air pollution from vehicle emissions and open air burning; acid rain; water pollution from increased use of agricultural fertilizers; loss of biodiversity
126
Syria
deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; water pollution from dumping of untreated sewage and wastes from petroleum refining; lack of safe drinking water
127
São Tomé and PrÃncipe
deforestation; soil erosion and exhaustion
128
Taiwan
water pollution from industrial emissions untreated sewage; air pollution; contamination of drinking water supplies
129
Tajikistan
inadequate sanitation facilities; increasing levels of soil salinity; industrial pollution; excessive pesticides; Tajikistan is part of the basin of the shrinking Aral Sea which suffers from severe overutilization of available water for irrigation and associated pollution
130
Tanzania
soil degradation; deforestation; desertification; destruction of coral reefs threatens marine habitats; recent droughts affected marginal agriculture
131
Latvia
air and water pollution because of a lack of waste conversion equipment; Gulf of Riga and Daugava River heavily polluted; contamination of soil and groundwater with chemicals and petroleum products at military bases
132
Kyrgyzstan
water pollution; many people get their water directly from contaminated streams and wells and as a result water-borne diseases are prevalent; increasing soil salinity from faulty irrigation practices
133
Albania
deforestation
134
China
air pollution from the overwhelming use of coal as a fuel produces acid rain which is damaging forests; water pollution from industrial effluents; many people do not have access to safe drinking water; less than 10% of sewage receives treatment; deforestation; estimated loss of one-third of agricultural land since 1957 to soil erosion and economic development; desertification
135
British Virgin Islands
NA
136
Brunei
NA
137
Bulgaria
air pollution from industrial emissions; rivers polluted from raw sewage heavy metals detergents; deforestation; forest damage from air pollution; soil contamination from heavy metals from metallurgical plants and industrial wastes
138
Burkina Faso
recent droughts and desertification severely affecting agricultural activities population distribution and the economy; overgrazing; soil degradation; deforestation
139
Burundi
soil exhaustion and erosion; deforestation; habitat loss threatening wildlife populations
140
Cabo Verde
deforestation; overgrazing; desertification
141
Cambodia
deforestation resulting in habitat loss and declining biodiversity
142
Cameroon
water-borne diseases are prevalent; deforestation; overgrazing; desertification; poaching
143
Canada
acid rain severely affecting lakes and damaging forests; metal smelting coal-burning utilities and vehicle emissions impacting on agricultural and forest productivity; ocean waters becoming contaminated due to agricultural industrial mining and forestry activities
144
Cayman Islands
NA
145
Central African Republic
poaching has diminished reputation as one of last great wildlife refuges; desertification
146
Chad
desertification
147
Chile
air pollution from industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution from untreated sewage; deforestation contributing to loss of biodiversity; soil erosion; desertification
148
Christmas Island
NA
149
Brazil
deforestation in Amazon Basin; air and water pollution in Rio de Janeiro Sao Paulo and several other large cities; land degradation and water pollution caused by improper mining activities
150
Clipperton Island
NA
151
Cocos Islands
NA
152
Colombia
deforestation; soil damage from overuse of pesticides
153
Comoros
soil degradation and erosion; deforestation
154
Congo
air pollution from vehicle emissions; water pollution from the dumping of raw sewage; deforestation
155
Cook Islands
NA
156
Coral Sea Islands
no permanent fresh water resources
157
Costa Rica
deforestation largely a result of land clearing for cattle ranching; soil erosion
158
Croatia
air pollution from metallurgical plants is damaging the forests; coastal pollution from industrial and domestic waste; widespread casualties and destruction of infrastructure in border areas affected by civil strife
159
Cuba
overhunting threatens wildlife populations; deforestation
160
Cyprus
water resource problems
161
Czech Republic
air and water pollution in areas of northwest Bohemia centered around Zeplica and in northern Moravia around Ostrava presents health hazards; acid rain damaging forests
162
Côte d'Ivoire
deforestation; water pollution from sewage and industrial and agricultural effluents
163
Denmark
air pollution; nitrogen and phosphorus pollution of the North Sea; drinking and surface water becoming polluted from animal wastes
164
British Indian Ocean Territory
NA
165
Bouvet Island
NA
166
Dominica
NA
167
Australia
soil erosion from overgrazing industrial development urbanization and poor farming practices; soil salinity rising due to the use of poor quality water; desertification; clearing for agricultural purposes threatens the natural habitat of many unique animal and plant species; the Great Barrier Reef off the northeast coast the largest coral reef in the world is threatened by increased shipping and its popularity as a tourist site; limited freshwater availability
168
Algeria
soil erosion from overgrazing and other poor farming practices; desertification; dumping of untreated sewage petroleum refining wastes and other industrial effluents is leading to the pollution of rivers and coastal waters; Mediterranean Sea in particular becoming polluted from oil wastes soil erosion and fertilizer runoff; limited supply of potable water
169
American Samoa
NA
170
Andorra
deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion
171
Angola
population pressures contributing to overuse of pastures and subsequent soil erosion; desertification; deforestation of tropical rain forest attributable to the international demand for tropical timber and domestic use as a fuel; deforestation contributing to loss of biodiversity; soil erosion contributing to water pollution and siltation of rivers and dams; scarcity of potable water
172
Anguilla
NA
173
Antarctica
in October 1991 it was reported that the ozone shield which protects the Earth's surface from harmful ultraviolet radiation had dwindled to the lowest level recorded over Antarctica since 1975 when measurements were first taken
174
Antigua and Barbuda
insufficient freshwater resources
175
Arctic Ocean
endangered marine species include walruses and whales; fragile ecosystem slow to change and slow to recover from disruptions or damage
176
Argentina
erosion results from inadequate flood controls and improper land use practices; irrigated soil degradation; desertification; air pollution in Buenos Aires and other major cites; water pollution in urban areas; rivers becoming polluted due to increased pesticide and fertilizer use
177
Armenia
soil pollution from toxic chemicals such as DDT; energy blockade the result of conflict with Azerbaijan has led to deforestation as citizens scavenge for firewood; pollution of Hrazdan
178
Aruba
NA
179
Ashmore and Cartier Islands
NA
180
Atlantic Ocean
endangered marine species include the manatee seals sea lions turtles and whales; municipal sludge pollution off eastern US southern Brazil and eastern Argentina; oil pollution in Caribbean Sea Gulf of Mexico Lake Maracaibo Mediterranean Sea and North Sea; industrial waste and municipal sewage pollution in Baltic Sea North Sea and Mediterranean Sea
181
Austria
some forest degradation caused by air and soil pollution; soil pollution results from the use of agricultural chemicals; air pollution results from emissions by coal- and oil-fired power stations and industrial plants
182
Botswana
overgrazing; desertification; water scarcity
183
Azerbaijan
local scientists consider the Abseron
184
Bahrain
desertification resulting from the degradation of limited arable land periods of drought and dust storms; coastal degradation
185
Baker Island
lacks fresh water
186
Bangladesh
many people are landless and forced to live on and cultivate flood-prone land; limited access to potable water; water-borne diseases prevalent; water pollution especially of fishing areas results from the use of commercial pesticides; intermittent water shortages because of falling water tables in the northern and central parts of the country; soil degradation; deforestation; severe overpopulation
187
Barbados
pollution of coastal waters from waste disposal by ships; soil erosion; illegal solid waste disposal threatens contamination of aquifers
188
Bassas da India
NA
189
Belarus
soil pollution from pesticide use; southern part of Belarus contaminated with fallout from 1986 nuclear reactor accident at Chornobyl'
190
Belgium
Meuse River a major source of drinking water polluted from steel production wastes; other rivers polluted by animal wastes and fertilizers; industrial air pollution contributes to acid rain in neighboring countries
191
Belize
deforestation; water pollution from sewage industrial effluents agricultural runoff
192
Benin
limited supply of safe drinking water; illegal hunting threatens wildlife populations; deforestation; desertification
193
Bermuda
NA
194
Bhutan
soil erosion; limited access to safe drinking water
195
Bolivia
deforestation contributing to loss of biodiversity; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; industrial pollution of water supplies used for drinking and irrigation
196
Bosnia and Herzegovina
air pollution from metallurgical plants; water scarce; sites for disposing of urban waste are limited; widespread casualties and destruction of infrastructure because of civil strife
197
Djibouti
desertification
198
Dominican Republic
water shortages; soil eroding into the sea damages coral reefs; deforestation
199
Kuwait
some of world's largest and most sophisticated desalination facilities provide much of the water; air and water pollution; desertification
200
Ireland
water pollution especially of lakes from agricultural runoff
201
Haiti
deforestation; soil erosion
202
Heard Island and McDonald Islands
NA
203
Holy See
NA
204
Honduras
urban population expanding; deforestation results from logging and the clearing of land for agricultural purposes; further land degradation and soil erosion hastened by uncontrolled development and improper land use practices such as farming of marginal lands; mining activities polluting Lago de Yojoa
205
Hong Kong
air and water pollution from rapid urbanization
206
Howland Island
lacks freshwater
207
Hungary
air pollution; industrial and municipal pollution of Lake Balaton
208
Iceland
water pollution from fertilizer runoff; inadequate wastewater treatment
209
India
deforestation; soil erosion; overgrazing; desertification; air pollution from industrial effluents and vehicle emissions; water pollution from raw sewage and runoff of agricultural pesticides; huge and rapidly growing population is overstraining natural resources
210
Indian Ocean
endangered marine species include the dugong seals turtles and whales; oil pollution in the Arabian Sea Persian Gulf and Red Sea
211
Indonesia
deforestation; water pollution from industrial wastes sewage; air pollution in urban areas
212
Iran
air pollution especially in urban areas from vehicle emissions refinery operations and industry; deforestation; overgrazing; desertification; oil pollution in the Persian Gulf; shortages of drinking water
213
Iraq
government water control projects drain inhabited marsh areas drying up or diverting the streams and rivers that support a sizable population of Shi'a Muslims who have inhabited these areas for thousands of years; the destruction of the natural habitat also poses serious threats to the wildlife populations; damage to water treatment and sewage facilities during Gulf war; inadequate supplies of potable water; development of Tigris-Euphrates Rivers system contingent upon agreements with upstream riparians
214
Isle of Man
NA
215
Guinea
deforestation; inadequate supplies of safe drinking water; desertification; soil contamination and erosion
216
Israel
limited arable land: and freshwater resources pose serious constraints; deforestation; air pollution from industrial and vehicle emissions; groundwater pollution from industrial and domestic waste chemical fertilizers and pesticides
217
Italy
air pollution from industrial emissions such as sulfur dioxide; coastal and inland rivers polluted from industrial and agricultural effluents; acid rain damaging lakes
218
Jamaica
deforestation; water pollution
219
Jan Mayen
NA
220
Japan
air pollution from power plant emissions results in acid rain; acidification of lakes and reservoirs degrading water quality and threatening aquatic life
221
Jarvis Island
lacks fresh water
222
Jersey
NA
223
Johnston Atoll
NA
224
Jordan
lack of adequate natural water resources; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification
225
Juan de Nova Island
NA
226
Kazakhstan
radioactive or toxic chemical sites associated with its former defense industries and test ranges are found throughout the country and pose health risks for humans and animals; industrial pollution is severe in some cities; because the two main rivers which flowed into the Aral Sea have been diverted for irrigation it is drying up and leaving behind a harmful layer of chemical pesticides and natural salts; these substances are then picked up by the wind and blown into noxious dust storms; pollution in the Caspian Sea; soil pollution from overuse of agricultural chemicals and salinization from faulty irrigation practices
227
Kenya
water pollution from urban and industrial wastes; degradation of water quality from increased use of pesticides and fertilizers; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; poaching
228
Kingman Reef
NA
229
Kiribati
NA
230
Guyana
water pollution from sewage and agricultural and industrial chemicals; deforestation
231
Guinea-Bissau
deforestation; soil erosion; overgrazing
232
Ecuador
deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; water pollution
233
French Guiana
NA
234
Egypt
agricultural land being lost to urbanization and windblown sands; increasing soil salinization below Aswan High Dam; desertification; oil pollution threatening coral reefs beaches and marine habitats; other water pollution from agricultural pesticides untreated sewage and industrial effluents; water scarcity away from the Nile which is the only perennial water source; rapid growth in population overstraining natural resources
235
El Salvador
deforestation; soil erosion; water pollution; contamination of soils from disposal of toxic wastes
236
Equatorial Guinea
desertification
237
Eritrea
famine; deforestation; soil erosion; overgrazing; loss of infrastructure from civil warfare
238
Estonia
air heavily polluted with sulfur dioxide from oil-shale burning power plants in northeast; contamination of soil and ground water with petroleum products chemicals at military bases
239
Ethiopia
deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; famine
240
Europa Island
NA
241
Falkland Islands
NA
242
Faroe Islands
NA
243
Federated States of Micronesia
NA
244
Fiji
deforestation; soil erosion
245
Finland
air pollution from manufacturing and power plants contributing to acid rain; water pollution from industrial wastes agricultural chemicals; habitat loss threatens wildlife populations
246
France
some forest damage from acid rain; air pollution from industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution from urban wastes agricultural runoff
247
French Polynesia
NA
248
Guernsey
NA
249
French Southern and Antarctic Lands
NA
250
Gabon
deforestation; poaching
251
Gaza Strip
desertification
252
Georgia
air pollution particularly in Rust'avi; heavy pollution of Mtkvari River and the Black Sea; inadequate supplies of safe drinking water; soil pollution from toxic chemicals
253
Germany
emissions from coal-burning utilities and industries in the southeast and lead emissions from vehicle exhausts
254
Ghana
recent drought in north severely affecting agricultural activities; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; poaching and habitat destruction threatens wildlife populations; water pollution; limited supply of safe drinking water
255
Gibraltar
natural freshwater sources are meager so large concrete or natural rock water catchments collect rain water
256
Glorioso Islands
NA
257
Greece
air pollution; water pollution
258
Greenland
NA
259
Grenada
NA
260
Guadeloupe
NA
261
Guam
NA
262
Guatemala
deforestation; soil erosion; water pollution
263
Zimbabwe
deforestation; soil erosion; land degradation; air and water pollution
Back to statistical information of Jan Mayen 1994
Jan Mayen
Atlas
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