Statistical information Bulgaria 1989Bulgaria

Map of Bulgaria | Geography | People | Government | Economy | Energy | Communication
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Bulgaria in the World
Bulgaria in the World

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Bulgaria - Introduction 1989
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Background: A Slavic state, Bulgaria achieved independence in 1908 after 500 years of Ottoman rule. Bulgaria fought on the losing side in both World Wars. After World War II it fell within the Soviet sphere of influence.


Bulgaria - Geography 1989
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Location

Geographic coordinates

Map reference

Area

Land boundaries:
1,881 km total
Greece 494 km, Romania 608 km, Turkey 240 km, Yugoslavia 539 km


Coastline: 354 km

Maritime claims
Extended economic zone: 200 nm
Territorial sea: 12 nm

Climate: temperate; cold, damp winters; hot, dry summers

Terrain: mostly mountains with lowlands in north and south

Elevation

Natural resources: bauxite, copper, lead, zinc, coal, timber, arable land
Land use

Land use: 34% arable land; 3% permanent crops; 18% meadows and pastures; 35% forest and woodland; 10% other; includes 11% irrigated

Irrigated land

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal

Total renewable water resources

Natural hazards

Geography
Note: strategic location near Turkish Straits; controls key land routes from Europe to Middle East and Asia


Bulgaria - People 1989
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Population: 8,972,724 (July 1989), growth rate 0.1% (1989)

Nationality: noun - Bulgarian(s; adjective - Bulgarian

Ethnic groups: 85.3% Bulgarian, 8.5% Turk, 2.6% Gypsy, 2.5% Macedonian, 0.3% Armenian, 0.2% Russian, 0.6% other

Languages: Bulgarian; secondary languages closely correspond to ethnic breakdown

Religions: regime promotes atheism; religious background of population is 85% Bulgarian Orthodox, 13% Muslim, 0.8% Jewish, 0.7% Roman Catholic, 0.5% Protestant, Gregorian-Armenian, and other

Demographic profile
Age structure

Age structure

Dependency ratios

Median age

Population growth rate

Birth rate: 13 births/1000 population (1989)

Death rate: 12 deaths/1000 population (1989)

Net migration rate: 0 migrants/1000 population (1989)

Population distribution

Urbanization

Major urban areas

Environment
Current issues: subject to earthquakes, landslides; deforestation; air pollution

Air pollutants

Sex ratio

Mothers mean age at first birth

Maternal mortality ratio

Infant mortality rate: 18 deaths/1000 live births (1989)

Life expectancy at birth: 68 years male, 74 years female (1989)

Total fertility rate: 1.9 children born/woman (1989)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

Drinking water source

Current health expenditure

Physicians density

Hospital bed density

Sanitation facility access

Hiv/Aids

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate

Alcohol consumption

Tobacco use

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

Education expenditures

Literacy: 95% (est.)

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education

Youth unemployment


Bulgaria - Government 1989
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Country name: conventional long form: People's Republic of Bulgaria

Government type: Communist state

Capital: Sofia

Administrative divisions: 8 districts (oblasti, singular - oblast) and 1 city* (grad; Burgas, Grad Sofiya*, Khaskovo, Lovech, Mikhaylovgrad, Plovdiv, Razgrad, Sofiya, Varna

Dependent areas

Independence: 22 September 1908 (from Ottoman Empire)

National holiday: Anniversary of the Socialist Revolution in Bulgaria, 9 September (1944)

Constitution: 16 May 1971, effective 18 May 1971

Legal system: based on civil law system, with Soviet law influence; judicial review of legislative acts in the State Council; has accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

International law organization participation

Citizenship

Suffrage: universal and compulsory over age 18

Executive branch: Chief of State - Chairman of the State Council Todor Khristov ZHIVKOV (since 7 July 1971; Head of Government - Chairman of the Council of Ministers Georgi Ivanov ATANASOV (since 21 March 1986)

Legislative branch: Bulgarian People's Army, Frontier Troops, Air and Air Defense Forces, Bulgarian Navy

Judicial branch

Political parties and leaders

International organization participation: CCC, CEMA, FAO, IAEA, ICAO, ILO, ILZSG, IMO, IPU, ITC, ITU, IWC - International Wheat Council, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO; Warsaw Pact, International Organization of Journalists, International Medical Association, International Radio and Television Organization

Diplomatic representation
In the us: Ambassador Velichko Filipov VELICHKOV; Chancery at 1621 22nd Street NW, Washington DC 20,008; telephone (202) 387-7,969; US - Ambassador Sol POLANSKY; Embassy at 1 Alexander Stamboliski Boulevard, Sofia (mailing address is APO New York 9,213; telephone Õ359å (2) 88-48-01 through 05

Flag descriptionflag of Bulgaria: three equal horizontal bands of white (top), green, and red with the national emblem on the hoist side of the white stripe; the emblem contains a rampant lion within a wreath of wheat ears below a red five-pointed star and above a ribbon bearing the dates 681 (first Bulgarian state established) and 1944 (liberation from Nazi control)

National symbols

National anthem

National heritage


Bulgaria - Economy 1989
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Economy overview: Growth in the sluggish Bulgarian economy has fallen to the 2% annual level in the 1980s. The Marxist-Leninist regime faces major problems of renovating an aging industrial plant, keeping abreast of rapidly unfolding technological developments, investing in additional energy capacity (the portion of electric power from nuclear energy reached 37% in 1988), and motivating workers, in part by giving them a share in the earnings of their enterprises. A major decree of January 1989 summarized and extended the government's economic restructuring efforts, which include a partial decentralization of controls over production decisions and foreign trade. As in other Communist countries, however, the ruling group cannot (so far) bring itself to giving up ultimate control over economic affairs exercised through the vertical Party/ministerial command structure. Reforms have not led to improved economic performance, in particular the provision of more and better consumer goods.

Real gdp purchasing power parity

Real gdp growth rate

Real gdp per capita

Gross national saving
Gdp composition by sector of origin

Gdp composition by end use

Gdp composition by sector of origin

Agriculture products: grain, tobacco, fruits, vegetables, sheep, hogs, poultry, cheese, sunflower seeds; mainly self-sufficient

Industries: food processing, machine and metal building, electronics, chemicals

Industrial production growth rate: 4.4% (1987)

Labor force:
4,300,000; 33%
industry, 20% agriculture, 47% other (1987)

Labor force

Unemployment rate: NA%

Youth unemployment

Population below poverty line

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget: revenues $23.8 billion; expenditures $23.7 billion, including capital expenditures of $11.0 billion (1987)

Taxes and other revenues

Public debt

Revenue

Fiscal year: calendar year

Inflation rate consumer prices

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares

Current account balance

Exports: $16.8 billion (f.o.b., 1987)
Commodities: machinery and equipment 60.5%; agricultural products 14.7%; manufactured consumer goods 10.6%; fuels, minerals, raw materials, and metals 8.5%; other 5.7%
Partners: Socialist countries 82.5% (USSR 61%, GDR 5.5%, Czechoslovakia 4.9%; developed countries 6.8% (FRG 1.2%, Greece 1.0%; less developed countries 10.7% (Libya 3.5%, Iraq 2.9%)

Imports: $16.9 billion (f.o.b., 1987)
Commodities: fuels, minerals, and raw materials 45.2%; machinery and equipment 39.8%; manufactured consumer goods 4.6%; agricultural products 3.8%; other 6.6%
Partners: Socialist countries 80.5% (USSR 57.5%, GDR 5.7%), developed countries 15.1% (FRG 4.8%, Austria 1.6%; less developed countries 4.4% (Libya 1.0%, Brazil 0.9%)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

Debt external: $6.1 billion (1987)

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates: leva (Lv) per US$1 - 0.82 (1988), 0.90 (1987), 0.95 (1986), 1.03 (1985; linked to the Soviet ruble


Bulgaria - Energy 1989
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Electricity
Capacity: 11,300,000 kW capacity; 43,300 million kWh produced, 4,830 kWh per capita (1988)

Coal

Petroleum

Crude oil

Refined petroleum

Natural gas

Carbon dioxide emissions

Energy consumption per capita


Bulgaria - Communication 1989
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Telephones

Telephone system

Broadcast media

Internet

Broadband fixed subscriptions


Bulgaria - Military 1989
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Military expenditures
Dollar figure: 1.4 billion leva, 6.3% of total budget (1988 est.), note - conversion of the military budget into US dollars using the official administratively set exchange rate would produce misleading results

Military and security forces

Military service age and obligation

Space program

Terrorist groups


Bulgaria - Transportation 1989
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National air transport system

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

Airports: 380 total, 380 usable; fewer than 5 with permanent-surface runways; 120 with runways over 3,659 m; 15 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 30 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Heliports

Pipelines: crude, 193 km; refined product, 418 km; natural gas, 1,400 km (1986)

Railways

Roadways

Waterways: 470 km (1986)

Merchant marine: 108 ships (1,000 GRT and over) totaling 1,243,826 GRT/1,876,857 DWT; includes 2 passenger, 32 cargo, 2 container, 1 passenger-cargo, 5 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 16 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 2 railcar carriers, 48 bulk

Ports and terminals


Bulgaria - Transnational issues 1989
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Disputes international: Macedonia question with Greece and Yugoslavia

Refugees and internally displaced persons

Illicit drugs


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