Statistical information Indonesia 1989

Indonesia in the World
top of pageBackground: Indonesia declared its independence in 1945 from the Netherlands, a claim disputed, then recognized by the Dutch in 1949. In 1975 Indonesian troops occupied Portuguese East Timor. Current issues include implementing IMF-mandated reforms (particularly restructuring and recapitalizing the insolvent banking sector), effecting a transition to a popularly elected government, addressing longstanding grievances over the role of the ethnic Chinese business class and charges of cronyism and corruption, alleged human rights violations by the military, the role of the military and religion in politics, and growing pressures for some form of independence or autonomy by Aceh, Irian Jaya, and East Timor.
top of pageLocationGeographic coordinatesMap referenceAreaLand boundaries:
2,602 km total
Malaysia 1,782 km, Papua New Guinea 820 km
Coastline: 54,716 km
Maritime claimsMeasured from claimed archipelagic baselines Continental shelf: to depth of exploitation
Extended economic zone: 200 nm
Territorial sea: 12 nm
Climate: tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands
Terrain: mostly coastal lowlands; larger islands have interior mountains
ElevationNatural resources: crude oil, tin, natural gas, nickel, timber, bauxite, copper, fertile soils, coal, gold, silver
Land use: 8% arable land; 3% permanent crops; 7% meadows and pastures; 67% forest and woodland; 15% other; includes 3% irrigated
Irrigated landMajor riversMajor watersheds area km²Total water withdrawalTotal renewable water resourcesNatural hazardsGeographyNote: straddles Equator; strategic location astride or along major sea lanes from Indian Ocean to Pacific Ocean geoad0.gif" border="0" geoad1
top of pagePopulation: 187,651,163 (July 1989), growth rate 1.9% (1989)
Nationality: noun - Indonesian(s; adjective - Indonesian
Ethnic groups: majority of Malay stock comprising 45.0% Javanese, 14.0% Sundanese, 7.5% Madurese, 7.5% coastal Malays, 26.0% other
Languages: Bahasa Indonesia (modified form of Malay; official; English and Dutch leading foreign languages; local dialects, the most widely spoken of which is Javanese
Religions: 88% Muslim, 6% Protestant, 3% Roman Catholic, 2% Hindu, 1% other
Demographic profileAge structureDependency ratiosMedian agePopulation growth rateBirth rate: 28 births/1000 population (1989)
Death rate: 9 deaths/1000 population (1989)
Net migration rate: 0 migrants/1000 population (1989)
Population distributionUrbanizationMajor urban areasEnvironmentCurrent issues: archipelago of 13,500 islands (6,000 inhabited; occasional floods, severe droughts, and tsunamis; deforestation
Air pollutantsSex ratioMothers mean age at first birthMaternal mortality ratioInfant mortality rate: 80 deaths/1000 live births (1989)
Life expectancy at birth: 57 years male, 61 years female (1989)
Total fertility rate: 3.4 children born/woman (1989)
Contraceptive prevalence rateDrinking water sourceCurrent health expenditurePhysicians densityHospital bed densitySanitation facility accessHiv/AidsMajor infectious diseasesObesity adult prevalence rateAlcohol consumptionTobacco useChildren under the age of 5 years underweightEducation expendituresLiteracy: 62%
School life expectancy primary to tertiary educationYouth unemploymenttop of pageCountry name: conventional long form: Republic of Indonesia
Government type: republic
Capital: Jakarta
Administrative divisions: 24 provinces (propinsi-propinsi, singular - propinsi), 2 special regions* (daerah-daerah istimewa, singular - daerah istimewa), and 1 special capital city district** (daerah khusus ibukota; Aceh*, Bali, Bengkulu, Irian Jaya, Jakarta Raya**, Jambi, Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, Jawa Timur, Kalimantan Barat, Kalimantan Selatan, Kalimantan Tengah, Kalimantan Timur, Lampung, Maluku, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Riau, Sulawesi Selatan, Sulawesi Tengah, Sulawesi Tenggara, Sulawesi Utara, Sumatera Barat, Sumatera Selatan, Sumatera Utara, Timor Timur, Yogyakarta*
Dependent areasIndependence: 17 August 1945 (from Netherlands; formerly Netherlands or Dutch East Indies)
National holiday: Independence Day, 17 August (1945)
Constitution: August 1945, abrogated by Federal Constitution of 1949 and Provisional Constitution of 1950, restored 5 July 1959
Legal system: based on Roman-Dutch law, substantially modified by indigenous concepts and by new criminal procedures code; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
International law organization participationCitizenshipSuffrage: universal over age 18 and married persons regardless of age
Executive branch: Chief of State and Head of Government - President Gen. (Ret.) SOEHARTO (since 27 March 1968; Vice President Lt. Gen. (Ret.) SUDHARMONO (since 11 March 1983)
Legislative branch: Army, Navy, Air Force, National Police
Judicial branchPolitical parties and leadersInternational organization participation: ADB, ANRPC, ASEAN, Association of Tin Producing Countries, CCC, CIPEC, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBA, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDB - Islamic Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, IRC, ISO, ITC, ITU, NAM, OIC, OPEC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representationIn the us: Ambassador Abdul Rachman RAMLY; Chancery at 2020 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington DC 20,036; telephone (202) 775-5,200; there are Indonesian Consulates General in Houston, New York, and Los Angeles, and Consulates in Chicago and San Francisco; US - Ambassador Paul D. WOLFOWITZ; Embassy at Medan Merdeka Selatan 5, Jakarta (mailing address is APO San Francisco 96,356; telephone Õ62å (21) 360-360; there are US Consulates in Medan and Surabaya
Flag description
: two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; similar to the flag of Monaco which is shorter; also similar to the flag of Poland which is white (top) and red
National symbolsNational anthemNational heritagetop of pageEconomy overview: Indonesia has extensive natural wealth but, with a large and rapidly increasing population, it remains a relatively poor country. GNP growth rates during the period 1985-87 were in the 2-3% range. Estimates show that the economy must grow at a 4-5% annual rate to absorb the nearly 2 million workers annually entering the labor force. Agriculture, including forestry and fishing, is the most important sector, accounting for 25% of GDP and over 50% of the labor force. The staple crop is rice. Once the world's largest rice importer, Indonesia is now nearly self-sufficient. Plantation crops - rubber and palm oil - are being encouraged for both export and job generation. The diverse natural resources include crude oil, natural gas, timber, metals, and coal. Of these, the oil sector dominates the external economy, generating more than 60% of the government's revenues and over 50% of export earnings in 1987.
Real gdp purchasing power parityReal gdp growth rateReal gdp per capitaGross national savingGdp composition by sector of origin
Gdp composition by end useGdp composition by sector of originAgriculture products: subsistence food production; small-holder and plantation production for export; rice, cassava, peanuts, rubber, cocoa, coffee, copra, other tropical products; an illegal producer of cannabis for the international drug trade
Industries: petroleum, textiles, mining, cement, chemical fertilizer production, timber, food, rubber
Industrial production growth rate: 6.8% (1986)
Labor force: 67,000,000; 55% agriculture, 10% manufacturing, 4% construction, 3% transport and communications (1985 est.)
Unemployment rate: 2.95% (1988)
Youth unemploymentPopulation below poverty lineGini indexHousehold income or consumption by percentage shareDistribution of family income gini indexBudget: revenues $10.5 billion; expenditures $13.9 billion, including capital expenditures of $4.7 billion (FY88)
Taxes and other revenuesPublic debtRevenueFiscal year: 1 April-31 March
Inflation rate consumer pricesCentral bank discount rateCommercial bank prime lending rateStock of narrow moneyStock of broad moneyStock of domestic creditMarket value of publicly traded sharesCurrent account balanceExports: $16.5 billion (f.o.b., FY88)
Commodities: petroleum and liquefied natural gas 55%, timber 10%, coffee 6%, rubber 5% (1986)
Partners: Japan 45%, US 20%, Singapore 8%, EC 3% (1986)
Imports: $11.2 billion (f.o.b., FY88)
Commodities: machinery 25%, chemical products 23%, base metals 12%, transport equipment 12%, food, beverages, and tobacco 9%, textiles 5%, paper and printed matter 3% (1986)
Partners: Japan 29%, US 14%, EC 13%, Singapore 9%, Saudi Arabia 6%, (1986)
Reserves of foreign exchange and goldDebt external: $51.5 billion, medium and long-term debt (1988)
Stock of direct foreign investment at homeStock of direct foreign investment abroadExchange rates: Indonesian rupiahs (Rp) per US$1 - 1,735.7 (January 1989), 1,685.7 (1988), 1,643.8 (1987), 1,282.6 (1986), 1,110.6 (1985)
top of pageElectricityCapacity: 11,000,000 kW capacity; 36,500 million kWh produced, 200 kWh per capita (1988)
CoalPetroleumCrude oilRefined petroleumNatural gasCarbon dioxide emissionsEnergy consumption per capitatop of pageTelephonesTelephone systemBroadcast mediaInternetBroadband fixed subscriptionstop of pageMilitary expendituresDollar figure: NA
Military and security forcesMilitary service age and obligationSpace programTerrorist groupstop of pageNational air transport systemCivil aircraft registration country code prefixAirports: 466 total, 434 usable; 104 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,659 m; 12 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 62 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
HeliportsPipelines: crude oil, 2,505 km; refined products, 456 km; natural gas, 1,703 km (1989)
RailwaysRoadwaysWaterways: 21,579 km total; Sumatra 5,471 km, Java and Madura 820 km, Kalimantan 10,460 km, Celebes 241 km, Irian Jaya 4,587 km
Merchant marine: 323 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,498,454 GRT/2,264,176 DWT; includes 5 short-sea passenger, 14 passenger-cargo, 173 cargo, 5 container, 3 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 1 vehicle carrier, 89 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 1 chemical tanker, 2 liquefied gas, 6 specialized tanker, 24 bulk
Ports and terminalstop of pageDisputes international: East Timor question with Portugal
Refugees and internally displaced personsIllicit drugs