Statistical information Mali 1989

Mali in the World
top of pageBackground: The Sudanese Republic and Senegal became independent of France in 1960 as the Mali Federation. When Senegal withdrew after only a few months the Sudanese Republic was renamed Mali.
top of pageLocationGeographic coordinatesMap referenceAreaLand boundaries: 7,243 km total; Algeria 1,376 km, Burkina 1,000 km, Guinea 858 km, Ivory Coast 532 km, Mauritania 2,237 km, Niger 821 km, Senegal 419 km
Coastline: none - landlocked
Maritime claims: none - landlocked
Climate: subtropical to arid; hot and dry February to June; rainy, humid, and mild June to November; cool and dry November to February
Terrain: mostly flat to rolling northern plains covered by sand; savanna in south, rugged hills in northeast
ElevationNatural resources: gold, phosphates, kaolin, salt, limestone, uranium; bauxite, iron ore, manganese, tin, and copper deposits are known but not exploited
Land use: 2% arable land; NEGL% permanent crops; 25% meadows and pastures; 7% forest and woodland; 66% other; includes NEGL% irrigated
Irrigated landMajor riversMajor watersheds area km²Total water withdrawalTotal renewable water resourcesNatural hazardsGeographyNote: landlocked
top of pagePopulation: 8,918,448 (July 1989), growth rate 2.9% (1989)
Nationality: noun - Malian(s; adjective - Malian
Ethnic groups: 50% Mande (Bambara, Malinke, Sarakole), 17% Peul, 12% Voltaic, 6% Songhai, 5% Tuareg and Moor
Languages: French (official; Bambara spoken by about 80% of the population
Religions: 90% Muslim, 9% indigenous beliefs, 1% Christian
Demographic profileAge structureDependency ratiosMedian agePopulation growth rateBirth rate: 49 births/1000 population (1989)
Death rate: 20 deaths/1000 population (1989)
Net migration rate: 0 migrants/1000 population (1989)
Population distributionUrbanizationMajor urban areasEnvironmentCurrent issues: hot, dust-laden harmattan haze common during dry seasons; desertification; recent droughts affecting marginal agriculture
Air pollutantsSex ratioMothers mean age at first birthMaternal mortality ratioInfant mortality rate: 151 deaths/1000 live births (1989)
Life expectancy at birth: 44 years male, 47 years female (1989)
Total fertility rate: 6.6 children born/woman (1989)
Contraceptive prevalence rateDrinking water sourceCurrent health expenditurePhysicians densityHospital bed densitySanitation facility accessHiv/AidsMajor infectious diseasesObesity adult prevalence rateAlcohol consumptionTobacco useChildren under the age of 5 years underweightEducation expendituresLiteracy: 10%
School life expectancy primary to tertiary educationYouth unemploymenttop of pageCountry name: conventional long form: Republic of Mali
Government type: republic; single-party constitutional government
Capital: Bamako
Administrative divisions: 7 regions (regions, singular - region; Gao, Kayes, Koulikoro, Mopti, Segou, Sikasso, Tombouctou; note - there may be a new capital district of Bamako
Dependent areasIndependence: 22 September 1960 (from France; formerly French Sudan)
National holiday: Anniversary of the Proclamation of the Republic, 22 September (1960)
Constitution: 2 June 1974, effective 19 June 1979
Legal system: based on French civil law system and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Section of Court of State; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
International law organization participationCitizenshipSuffrage: universal over age 21
Executive branch: Chief of State and Head of Government - President Gen. Moussa TRAORE (since 6 December 1968)
Legislative branch: Army, Air Force; paramilitary, Gendarmerie, Republican Guard, National Guard
Judicial branchPolitical parties and leadersInternational organization participation: AfDB, APC, CEAO, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB - Islamic Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IRC, ITU, Niger River Commission, NAM, OAU, OIC, OMVS (Organization for the Development of the Senegal River Valley), UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representationIn the us: Ambassador Nouhoum SAMASSEKOU; Chancery at 2,130 R Street NW, Washington DC 20,008; telephone (202) 332-2,249 or 939-8,950; US - Ambassador Robert M. PRINGLE; Embassy at Rue Testard and Rue Mohamed V., Bamako (mailing address is B. P. 34, Bamako; telephone 225,834
Flag description
: three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), yellow, and red; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia
National symbolsNational anthemNational heritagetop of pageEconomy overview: Mali is among the poorest countries in the world, with about 80% of its land area desert or semidesert. Economic activity is largely confined to the riverine area irrigated by the Niger. About 10% of the population live as nomads and some 80% of the labor force is engaged in agriculture and fishing. Industrial activity is concentrated on processing farm commodities.
Real gdp purchasing power parityReal gdp growth rateReal gdp per capitaGross national savingGdp composition by sector of origin
Gdp composition by end useGdp composition by sector of originAgriculture products: millet, sorghum, rice, corn, peanuts; cash crops - peanuts, cotton, livestock
Industries: small local consumer goods and processing, construction, phosphate, gold, fishing
Industrial production growth rate: NA%
Labor force:
3,100,000; 80% agriculture, 19%
services, 1%
industry and commerce (1981; 50% of population of working age (1985)
Unemployment rate: NA%
Youth unemploymentPopulation below poverty lineGini indexHousehold income or consumption by percentage shareDistribution of family income gini indexBudget: revenues $154 million; expenditures $169 million, including capital expenditures of NA (1982)
Taxes and other revenuesPublic debtRevenueFiscal year: calendar year
Inflation rate consumer pricesCentral bank discount rateCommercial bank prime lending rateStock of narrow moneyStock of broad moneyStock of domestic creditMarket value of publicly traded sharesCurrent account balanceExports: $260 million (f.o.b., 1987)
Commodities: livestock, peanuts, dried fish, cotton, skins
Partners: mostly franc zone and Western Europe
Imports: $493 million (f.o.b., 1987)
Commodities: textiles, vehicles, petroleum products, machinery, sugar, cereals
Partners: mostly franc zone and Western Europe
Reserves of foreign exchange and goldDebt external: $2.1 billion (December 1988 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment at homeStock of direct foreign investment abroadExchange rates: Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 312.52 (January 1989), 297.85 (1988), 300.54 (1987), 346.30 (1986), 449.26 (1985)
top of pageElectricityCapacity: 92,000 kW capacity; 165 million kWh produced, 20 kWh per capita (1988)
CoalPetroleumCrude oilRefined petroleumNatural gasCarbon dioxide emissionsEnergy consumption per capitaMali - Communication 1989
top of pageTelephonesTelephone systemBroadcast mediaInternetBroadband fixed subscriptionstop of pageMilitary expendituresDollar figure: $47.2 million, 18% of central government budget (1987)
Military and security forcesMilitary service age and obligationSpace programTerrorist groupsMali - Transportation 1989
top of pageNational air transport systemCivil aircraft registration country code prefixAirports: 38 total, 30 usable; 8 with permanent-surface runways; 7 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 8 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
HeliportsPipelinesRailwaysRoadwaysWaterways: 1,815 km navigable
Merchant marinePorts and terminalsMali - Transnational issues 1989
top of pageDisputes international: the disputed international boundary between Burkina and Mali was submitted to the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in October 1983 and the ICJ issued its final ruling in December 1986, which both sides agreed to accept; Burkina and Mali are beginning to demarcate the boundary, including the tripoint with Niger
Refugees and internally displaced personsIllicit drugs