Statistical information Spain 1989Spain

Map of Spain | Geography | People | Government | Economy | Energy | Communication
Military | Transportation | Transnational Issues | Year:  | More stats

Spain in the World
Spain in the World

Condor


Spain - Introduction 1989
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Background: A powerful world empire in the 16th and 17th centuries, Spain ultimately yielded command of the seas to England, beginning with the defeat of the Armada in 1588. Spain subsequently failed to embrace the mercantile and industrial revolutions and fell behind Britain, France, and Germany in economic and political power. Spain remained neutral in World Wars I and II. In the second half of the 20th century Spain played a catch-up role in the western international community. Continuing problems are large-scale unemployment and the Basque separatist movement.


Spain - Geography 1989
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Location

Geographic coordinates

Map reference

Area

Land boundaries:
1,903.2 km total
Andorra 65 km, France 623 km, Gibraltar 1.2 km, Portugal 1,214 km


Coastline: 4,964 km

Maritime claims: Extended economic zone:200 nm Territorial sea:12 nm

Climate: temperate; clear, hot summers in interior, more moderate and cloudy along coast; cloudy, cold winters in interior, partly cloudy and cool along coast

Terrain: large, flat to dissected plateau surrounded by rugged hills; Pyrenees in north

Elevation

Natural resources: coal, lignite, iron ore, uranium, mercury, pyrites, fluorspar, gypsum, zinc, lead, tungsten, copper, kaolin, potash, hydropower
Land use

Land use: 31% arable land; 10% permanent crops; 21% meadows and pastures; 31% forest and woodland; 7% other; includes 6% irrigated

Irrigated land

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal

Total renewable water resources

Natural hazards

Geography
Note: strategic location along approaches to Strait of Gibraltar


Spain - People 1989
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Population: 39,417,220 (July 1989), growth rate 0.5% (1989)

Nationality: noun - Spaniard(s; adjective - Spanish

Ethnic groups: composite of Mediterranean and Nordic types

Languages: Castilian Spanish; second languages include 17% Catalan, 7% Galician, and 2% Basque

Religions: 99% Roman Catholic, 1% other sects

Demographic profile
Age structure

Age structure

Dependency ratios

Median age

Population growth rate

Birth rate: 13 births/1000 population (1989)

Death rate: 8 deaths/1000 population (1989)

Net migration rate: NEGL migrants/1000 population (1989)

Population distribution

Urbanization

Major urban areas

Environment
Current issues: deforestation; desertification; air pollution

Air pollutants

Sex ratio

Mothers mean age at first birth

Maternal mortality ratio

Infant mortality rate: 11 deaths/1000 live births (1989)

Life expectancy at birth: 74 years male, 80 years female (1989)

Total fertility rate: 1.7 children born/woman (1989)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

Drinking water source

Current health expenditure

Physicians density

Hospital bed density

Sanitation facility access

Hiv/Aids

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate

Alcohol consumption

Tobacco use

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

Education expenditures

Literacy: 97%

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education

Youth unemployment


Spain - Government 1989
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Country name: conventional long form: Spanish State

Government type: parliamentary monarchy

Capital: Madrid

Administrative divisions: 50 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia; Alava, Albacete, Alicante, Almeria, Avila, Badajoz, Baleares, Barcelona, Burgos, Caceres, Cadiz, Castellon, Ciudad Real, Cordoba, Cuenca, Gerona, Granada, Guadalajara, Guipuzcoa, Huelva, Huesca, Jaen, La Coruna, Las Palmas, Leon, Lerida, Logrono, Lugo, Madrid, Malaga, Murcia, Navarra, Orense, Oviedo, Palencia, Pontevedra, Salamanca, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Santander, Segovia, Sevilla, Soria, Tarragona, Teruel, Toledo, Valencia, Valladolid, Vizcaya, Zamora, Zaragoza

Dependent areas

Independence: 1492 (expulsion of the Moors and unification)

National holiday: National Day, 12 October

Constitution: 6 December 1978, effective 29 December 1978

Legal system: civil law system, with regional applications; Constitution provides for rule of law, established jury system as well as independent constitutional court to rule on constitutionality of laws and serve as court of last resort in protecting liberties and rights granted in Constitution; does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

International law organization participation

Citizenship

Suffrage: universal at age 18

Executive branch

Legislative branch: Army, Navy, Air Force

Judicial branch

Political parties and leaders

International organization participation: Andean Pact (observer), ASSIMER, CCC, Council of Europe, EC, ESA, ESO, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICES, ICO, IDA, IDB - Inter-American Development Bank, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, ILZSG, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOOC, IPU, ITC, ITU, IWC - International Wheat Council, NATO, OAS (observer), OECD, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG, WTO

Diplomatic representation
In the us: Ambassador Julian SANTAMARIA; Chancery at 2,700 15th Street NW, Washington DC 20,009; telephone (202) 265-0190 or 0191; there are Spanish Consulates General in Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, San Francisco, and San Juan (Puerto Rico; US - Ambassador Reginald BARTHOLOMEW; Embassy at Serrano 75, Madrid 6 (mailing address is APO New York 9,285; telephone Õ34å (1) 276-3,400 or 3,600; there is a US Consulate General in Barcelona and a Consulate in Bilbao

Flag descriptionflag of Spain: three horizontal bands of red (top), yellow (double width), and red with the national coat of arms on the hoist side of the yellow band; the coat of arms includes the royal seal framed by the Pillars of Hercules which are the two promontories (Gibraltar and Ceuta) on either side of the eastern end of the Strait of Gibraltar

National symbols

National anthem

National heritage


Spain - Economy 1989
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Economy overview: The economy has done well since Spain joined the European Economic Community in 1986. With an estimated 5.5% increase in real GDP in 1987, economic growth was double the average for the EEC. Increased investment (up 14.4%) was the most important factor pushing the economic expansion. Inflation moderated to 5.3%, in line with efforts to move inflation down to the EEC average of 3.2%. The most serious economic problem facing Spain is an unemployment rate of 20.6%, the highest in Europe.

Real gdp purchasing power parity

Real gdp growth rate

Real gdp per capita

Gross national saving
Gdp composition by sector of origin

Gdp composition by end use

Gdp composition by sector of origin

Agriculture products: grains, citrus, fruits, vegetables, wine grapes; virtually self-sufficient in good crop years

Industries: textiles and apparel (including footwear), food and beverages, metals and metal manufactures, chemicals, shipbuilding, automobiles, machine tools

Industrial production growth rate: 4.0% (1988 est.)

Labor force:
14,200,000; 52%
services, 24%
industry, 16% agriculture, 8% construction (1987 est.)

Labor force

Unemployment rate: 20.6% (1987)

Youth unemployment

Population below poverty line

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget: revenues $57.8 billion; expenditures $66.7 billion, including capital expenditures of $10.4 billion (1987)

Taxes and other revenues

Public debt

Revenue

Fiscal year: calendar year

Inflation rate consumer prices

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares

Current account balance

Exports: $34.2 billion (f.o.b., 1987)
Commodities: foodstuffs, live animals, wood, footwear, machinery, chemicals
Partners: EC 64%, Switzerland 11%, US 8%, Middle East, Japan, Portugal

Imports: $49.1 billion (c.i.f., 1987)
Commodities: petroleum, footwear, machinery, chemicals, grain, soybeans, coffee, tobacco, iron and steel, timber, cotton, transport equipment
Partners: EC 55%, Mexico 10%, US 8%, Middle East, USSR

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

Debt external: $30.6 billion (1987)

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates: pesetas (Ptas) per US$1 - 114.69 (January 1989), 116.49 (1988), 123.48 (1987), 140.05 (1986), 170.04 (1985)


Spain - Energy 1989
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Electricity
Capacity: 45,189,000 kW capacity; 149,565 million kWh produced, 3,810 kWh per capita (1988)

Coal

Petroleum

Crude oil

Refined petroleum

Natural gas

Carbon dioxide emissions

Energy consumption per capita


Spain - Communication 1989
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Telephones

Telephone system

Broadcast media

Internet

Broadband fixed subscriptions


Spain - Military 1989
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Military expenditures
Dollar figure: $7.3 billion, 8.7% of central government budget (1988 est.)

Military and security forces

Military service age and obligation

Space program

Terrorist groups


Spain - Transportation 1989
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National air transport system

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

Airports: 111 total, 104 usable; 61 with permanent-surface runways; 4 with runways over 3,659 m; 20 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 29 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Heliports

Pipelines: 265 km crude oil; 1,794 km refined products; 1,666 km natural gas

Railways

Roadways

Waterways: 1,045 km, but of minor economic importance

Merchant marine: 363 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 3,844,001 GRT/6,693,143 DWT; includes 5 passenger, 8 short-sea passenger, 133 cargo, 25 refrigerated cargo, 19 container, 23 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 52 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 20 chemical tanker, 15 liquefied gas, 1 specialized tanker, 3 combination ore/oil, 54 bulk, 5 vehicle carrier

Ports and terminals


Spain - Transnational issues 1989
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Disputes international: Gibraltar question with UK; controls two presidios (places of sovereignty), which are Ceuta and Melilla, on the north coast of Morocco

Refugees and internally displaced persons

Illicit drugs


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