Statistical information Estonia 1992
Estonia in the World
Estonia - Introduction 1992
top of pageBackground: In and out of Swedish and Russian control over the centuries, this little Baltic state was re-incorporated into the USSR after German occupation in World War II. Independence came with the collapse of the USSR in 1991.
Estonia - Geography 1992
top of pageLocation: Northeastern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, between Sweden and Russia
Geographic coordinates
Map reference
Area
Total: 45,100 km²
Land: 43,200 km²; (includes 1,520 islands in the Baltic Sea)
Comparative: slightly larger than New Hampshire and Vermont combined
Land boundaries: 557 km; Latvia 267 km, Russia 290 km
Coastline: 1,393 km
Maritime claims
Contiguous zone: NA nm
Continental shelf: NA meter depth
Exclusive economic zone: NA nm
Exclusive fishing zone: NA nm
Territorial sea: NA nm
Disputes:
international small border strips along the northern (Narva) and southern (Petseri) sections of eastern border with Russia ceded to
Russia in 1945 by the Estonian SSR
Russia in 1945 by the Estonian SSR
Climate: maritime, wet, moderate winters
Terrain: marshy, lowlands
Elevation
Natural resources: shale oil, peat, phosphorite, amber
Land use
Land use: 22% arable land; NA% permanent crops; 11% meadows and pastures; 31% forest and woodland; 21% other; includes NA% irrigated; 15% swamps and lakes
Irrigated land
Major rivers
Major watersheds area km²
Total water withdrawal
Total renewable water resources
Natural hazards
Geography
Estonia - People 1992
top of pagePopulation: 1,607,349 (July 1992), growth rate 0.7% (1992)
Nationality: noun - Estonian(s; adjective - Estonian
Ethnic groups:
Estonian 61.5%, Russian 30.3%, Ukrainian 3.17%,
Byelorussian 1.8%, Finn 1.1%, other 2.13% (1989)
Byelorussian 1.8%, Finn 1.1%, other 2.13% (1989)
Languages:
Estonian NA% (official), Latvian NA%, Lithuanian NA%, Russian
NA%, other NA%
NA%, other NA%
Religions: Lutheran is primary denomination
Demographic profile
Age structure
Age structure
Dependency ratios
Median age
Population growth rate
Birth rate: 16 births/1000 population (1992)
Death rate: 12 deaths/1000 population (1992)
Net migration rate: 3 migrants/1000 population (1992)
Population distribution
Urbanization
Major urban areas
Environment
Current issues: coastal waters largely polluted
Air pollutants
Sex ratio
Mothers mean age at first birth
Maternal mortality ratio
Infant mortality rate: 25 deaths/1000 live births (1992)
Life expectancy at birth: 65 years male, 74 years female (1992)
Total fertility rate: 2.3 children born/woman (1992)
Contraceptive prevalence rate
Drinking water source
Current health expenditure
Physicians density
Hospital bed density
Sanitation facility access
Hiv/Aids
Major infectious diseases
Obesity adult prevalence rate
Alcohol consumption
Tobacco use
Children under the age of 5 years underweight
Education expenditures
Literacy: NA% (male NA%, female NA%)
School life expectancy primary to tertiary education
Youth unemployment
Estonia - Government 1992
top of pageCountry name
Conventional long form: Republic of Estonia
Government type: republic
Capital: Tallinn
Administrative divisions: none - all districts are under direct republic jurisdiction
Dependent areas
Independence: 8 November 1917; occupied by Germany in March 1918 and restored to power in November 1918; annexed by USSR 6 August 1940; declared independence 20 August 1991 and regained independence from USSR 6 September 1991
National holiday: Independence Day, 24 February (1918)
Constitution: currently rewriting constitution, but readopted the constitution of 1938
Legal system: based on civil law system; no judicial review of legislative acts
International law organization participation
Citizenship
Suffrage: universal at age 18
Congress of Estonia:
last held March 1990 (next to be held NA); note -
Congress of Estonia is a quasi-governmental structure; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (495 total) number of seats by party NA
Congress of Estonia is a quasi-governmental structure; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (495 total) number of seats by party NA
President: last held NA 1990; (next to be held NA); results - NA
Supreme Council:
last held 18 March 1990; (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (105 total) number of seats by party
NA
NA
Executive branch: prime minister
Legislative branch: unicameral Supreme Council
Judicial branch: Supreme Court
Political parties and leaders
International organization participation: CSCE, IAEA, ICFTU, NACC, UN, UNCTAD
Diplomatic representation:
Ambassador Ernst JAAKSON, Legation of
Estonia, Office of Consulate General, 9 Rockefeller Plaza, Suite 1421, New
York, NY 10,020; telephone (212) 247-1450
Estonia, Office of Consulate General, 9 Rockefeller Plaza, Suite 1421, New
York, NY 10,020; telephone (212) 247-1450
US: Ambassador Robert C. FRASURE; Embassy at Kentmanni 20, Tallin EE 0001; telephone 011- 358 (49) 303-182 (cellular); FAX 358 (49) 306-817 (cellular); note - dialing to Baltics still requires use of an international operator unless you use the cellular phone lines
Diplomatic representation
Flag description
: pre-1940 flag restored by Supreme Soviet in May 1990; flag is three equal horizontal bands of blue, black, and whiteNational symbols
National anthem
National heritage
Estonia - Economy 1992
top of pageEconomy overview:
Starting in July 1991, under a new law on private ownership, small enterprises, such as retail shops and restaurants, were sold to private owners. The auctioning of large-scale enterprises is now in progress with the proceeds being held in escrow until the prior ownership (that is,
Estonian or the Commonwealth of Independent States) can be established.
Estonia ranks first in per capita consumption among the former Soviet republics. Agriculture is well developed, especially meat production, and provides a surplus for export. Only about one-fifth of the work force is in agriculture. The major share of the work force engages in manufacturing both capital and consumer goods based on raw materials and intermediate products from the other former Soviet republics. These manufactures are of high quality by ex-Soviet standards and are exported to the other republics.
Estonia's mineral resources are limited to major deposits of shale oil (60% of old Soviet total) and phosphorites (400 million tons). Estonia has a large, relatively modern port and produces more than half of its own energy needs at highly polluting shale oil power plants. Like the other 14 successor republics, Estonia is suffering through a difficult transitional period - between a collapsed command economic structure and a still-to-be-built market structure. It has advantages in the transition, not having suffered so long under the Soviet yoke and having better chances of developing profitable ties to the Nordic and West European countries.
Estonian or the Commonwealth of Independent States) can be established.
Estonia ranks first in per capita consumption among the former Soviet republics. Agriculture is well developed, especially meat production, and provides a surplus for export. Only about one-fifth of the work force is in agriculture. The major share of the work force engages in manufacturing both capital and consumer goods based on raw materials and intermediate products from the other former Soviet republics. These manufactures are of high quality by ex-Soviet standards and are exported to the other republics.
Estonia's mineral resources are limited to major deposits of shale oil (60% of old Soviet total) and phosphorites (400 million tons). Estonia has a large, relatively modern port and produces more than half of its own energy needs at highly polluting shale oil power plants. Like the other 14 successor republics, Estonia is suffering through a difficult transitional period - between a collapsed command economic structure and a still-to-be-built market structure. It has advantages in the transition, not having suffered so long under the Soviet yoke and having better chances of developing profitable ties to the Nordic and West European countries.
GDP: $NA billion, per capita $NA; real growth rate -11% (1992)
Real gdp purchasing power parity
Real gdp growth rate
Real gdp per capita
Gross national saving
Gdp composition by sector of origin
Gdp composition by end use
Gdp composition by sector of origin
Agriculture products: employs 20% of work force; very efficient; net exports of meat, fish, dairy products, and potatoes; imports feedgrains for livestock; fruits and vegetables
Industries: accounts for 30% of labor force; oil shale, shipbuilding, phosphates, electric motors, excavators, cement, furniture, clothing, textiles, paper, shoes, apparel
Industrial production growth rate: growth rate -9% (1991)
Labor force: 796,000; industry and construction 42%, agriculture and forestry 13%, other 45% (1990)
Organized labor: NA
Labor force
Unemployment rate: NA%
Youth unemployment
Population below poverty line
Gini index
Household income or consumption by percentage share
Distribution of family income gini index
Budget: revenues $NA million; expenditures $NA million, including capital expenditures of $NA million
Taxes and other revenues
Public debt
Revenue
Fiscal year: calendar year
Inflation rate consumer prices
Central bank discount rate
Commercial bank prime lending rate
Stock of narrow money
Stock of broad money
Stock of domestic credit
Market value of publicly traded shares
Current account balance
Exports: $186 million (f.o.b., 1990)
Commodoties: machinery 30%, food 17%, chemicals 11%, electric power 9%
Partners:
Russia 50%, other former Soviet republics 30%, Ukraine 15%,
West 5%
West 5%
Imports: $1.2 billion (c.i.f., 1990)
Commodoties: machinery 45%, oil 13%, chemicals 12%
Partners: NA
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
Debt external
Stock of direct foreign investment at home
Stock of direct foreign investment abroad
Exchange rates: NA
Estonia - Energy 1992
top of pageElectricity
Production: 3,305,000 kW capacity; 17,200 million kWh produced, 10,865 kWh per capita (1990)
Coal
Petroleum
Crude oil
Refined petroleum
Natural gas
Carbon dioxide emissions
Energy consumption per capita
Estonia - Communication 1992
top of pageTelephones
Telephone system
Broadcast media
Internet
Broadband fixed subscriptions
Estonia - Military 1992
top of pageMilitary expenditures
Percent of gdp: $NA, NA% of GDP
Military and security forces
Military service age and obligation
Space program
Terrorist groups
Estonia - Transportation 1992
top of pageNational air transport system
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
Airports:
NA total, NA usable; NA with permanent-surface runways; NA
with runways over 3,659 m; NA
with runways 2,440-3,659 m; NA
with runways 1,220-2,439 m
with runways over 3,659 m; NA
with runways 2,440-3,659 m; NA
with runways 1,220-2,439 m
Heliports
Pipelines: crude oil NA km, refined products NA km, natural gas NA km
Railways
Roadways
Waterways: 500 km perennially navigable
Merchant marine:
65 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 386,634
GRT/516,866 DWT; includes 51 cargo, 6 roll-on/roll-off, 2 short-sea passenger, 6 bulk
GRT/516,866 DWT; includes 51 cargo, 6 roll-on/roll-off, 2 short-sea passenger, 6 bulk
Civil air: NA major transport aircraft
Ports and terminals
Estonia - Transnational issues 1992
top of pageDisputes international
Refugees and internally displaced persons
Illicit drugs:
transshipment point for illicit drugs from Central and
Southwest Asia to Western Europe
Southwest Asia to Western Europe