Statistical information Kazakhstan 1992
Kazakhstan in the World
Kazakhstan - Introduction 1992
top of pageBackground: As a republic within the USSR (1920-91), Kazakhstan suffered greatly from Stalinist purges, from environmental damage, and saw the ethnic Russian portion of its population rise to 37% while other non-Kazakhs made up almost 20%. Current issues include the pace of market reform and privatization; fair and free elections and democratic reform; ethnic differences between Russians and Kazakhs; environmental problems; and how to convert the country's abundant energy resources into a better standard of living.
Kazakhstan - Geography 1992
top of pageLocation
Geographic coordinates
Map reference
Area
Total: 2,717,300 km²
Land: 2,669,800 km²
Comparative: slightly less than four times the size of Texas
Land boundaries: 12,012 km; China 1,533 km, Kyrgyzstan 1,051 km, Russia 6,846 km, Turkmenistan 379 km, Uzbekistan 2,203 km
Coastline: 0 km
Maritime claims: none - landlocked
Disputes: none
Climate: dry continental, about half is desert
Terrain: extends from the Volga to the Altai mountains and from the plains in western Siberia to oasis and desert in Central Asia
Elevation
Natural resources: petroleum, coal, iron, manganese, chrome, nickel, cobalt, copper, molybdenum, lead, zinc, bauxite, gold, uranium, iron
Land use
Land use: NA% arable land; NA% permanent crops; NA% meadows and pastures; NA% forest and woodland; NA% other; includes NA% irrigated
Irrigated land
Major rivers
Major watersheds area km²
Total water withdrawal
Total renewable water resources
Natural hazards
Geography
Kazakhstan - People 1992
top of pagePopulation: 17,103,927 (July 1992), growth rate 1.0% (1992)
Nationality: noun - Kazakh(s; adjective - Kazakhstani
Ethnic groups:
Kazakh (Qazaq) 40%, Russian 38%, other Slavs 7%,
Germans 6%, other 9%
Germans 6%, other 9%
Languages: Kazakh (Qazaq; official language), Russian
Religions: Muslim 47% Russian Orthodox NA%, Lutheran NA%
Demographic profile
Age structure
Age structure
Dependency ratios
Median age
Population growth rate
Birth rate: 23 births/1000 population (1992)
Death rate: 8 deaths/1000 population (1992)
Net migration rate: -6.1 migrants/1000 population (1991)
Population distribution
Urbanization
Major urban areas
Environment
Current issues: drying up of Aral Sea is causing increased concentrations of chemical pesticides and natural salts; industrial pollution
Air pollutants
Sex ratio
Mothers mean age at first birth
Maternal mortality ratio
Infant mortality rate: 25.9 deaths/1000 live births (1992)
Life expectancy at birth: 63 years male, 72 years female (1992)
Total fertility rate: 2.9 children born/woman (1992)
Contraceptive prevalence rate
Drinking water source
Current health expenditure
Physicians density
Hospital bed density
Sanitation facility access
Hiv/Aids
Major infectious diseases
Obesity adult prevalence rate
Alcohol consumption
Tobacco use
Children under the age of 5 years underweight
Education expenditures
Literacy: NA% (male NA%, female NA%) age 15 and over can read and write
School life expectancy primary to tertiary education
Youth unemployment
Kazakhstan - Government 1992
top of pageCountry name
Conventional long form: Republic of Kazakhstan
Government type: republic
Capital: Alma-Ata (Almaty)
Administrative divisions:
19 oblasts (oblastey, singular - oblast');
Aktyubinsk, Alma-Ata, Atyrau, Chimkent, Dzhambul, Dzhezkazgan, Karaganda,
Kokchetav, Kustanay, Kzyl-Orda, Mangistauz (Aqtau), Pavlodar, Semipalatinsk,
Severo-Kazakhstan (Petropavlovsk), Taldy-Kurgan, Tselinograd, Turgay (Arkalyk), Ural'sk, Vostochno-Kazakhstan (Ust'-Kamenogorsk); note - an oblast has the same name as its administrative center (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses)
Aktyubinsk, Alma-Ata, Atyrau, Chimkent, Dzhambul, Dzhezkazgan, Karaganda,
Kokchetav, Kustanay, Kzyl-Orda, Mangistauz (Aqtau), Pavlodar, Semipalatinsk,
Severo-Kazakhstan (Petropavlovsk), Taldy-Kurgan, Tselinograd, Turgay (Arkalyk), Ural'sk, Vostochno-Kazakhstan (Ust'-Kamenogorsk); note - an oblast has the same name as its administrative center (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses)
Dependent areas
Independence:
16 December 1991; from the Soviet Union (formerly the
Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic)
Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic)
National holiday: NA
Constitution: new postindependence constitution under preparation
Legal system: NA
International law organization participation
Citizenship
Suffrage: universal at age 18
President: last held 1 December 1991 (next to be held NA); percent of vote by party NA; seats - (NA total) percent of seats by party NA
Communists: party disbanded 6 September 1992
Executive branch: president with presidential appointed cabinet of ministers
Legislative branch: Supreme Soviet
Judicial branch: NA
Political parties and leaders
International organization participation: CIS, CSCE, IMF, NACC, OIC, UN, UNCTAD
Diplomatic representation:
Ambassador NA; Chancery at NA NW, Washington,
DC 200_; telephone NA; there are NA Consulates General
DC 200_; telephone NA; there are NA Consulates General
US:
Ambassador-designate William Courtney; Embassy at Hotel Kazakhstan,
Alma-Ata, (mailing address is APO AE 9,862); telephone 8-011-7-3,272-61-90-56
Alma-Ata, (mailing address is APO AE 9,862); telephone 8-011-7-3,272-61-90-56
Diplomatic representation
Flag description
: no national flag yet adoptedNational symbols
National anthem
National heritage
Kazakhstan - Economy 1992
top of pageEconomy overview:
The second-largest in area of the 15 former Soviet republics,
Kazakhstan has vast oil, coal, and agricultural resources. Kazakhstan is highly dependent on trade with Russia, exchanging its natural resources for finished consumer and industrial goods. Kazakhstan now finds itself with serious pollution problems, backward technology, and little experience in foreign markets. The government in 1991 pushed privatization of the economy at a faster pace than Russia's program. The ongoing transitional period - marked by sharp inflation in wages and prices, lower output, lost jobs, and disruption of time-honored channels of supply - has brought considerable social unrest. Kazakhstan lacks the funds, technology, and managerial skills for a quick recovery of output. US firms have been enlisted to increase oil output but face formidable obstacles; for example, oil can now reach Western markets only through pipelines that run across independent (and sometimes unfriendly) former Soviet republics. Finally, the end of monolithic
Communist control has brought ethnic grievances into the open. The 6 million
Russians in the republic, formerly the favored class, now face the hostility of a society dominated by Muslims. Ethnic rivalry will be just one of the formidable obstacles to the creation of a productive, technologically advancing society.
Kazakhstan has vast oil, coal, and agricultural resources. Kazakhstan is highly dependent on trade with Russia, exchanging its natural resources for finished consumer and industrial goods. Kazakhstan now finds itself with serious pollution problems, backward technology, and little experience in foreign markets. The government in 1991 pushed privatization of the economy at a faster pace than Russia's program. The ongoing transitional period - marked by sharp inflation in wages and prices, lower output, lost jobs, and disruption of time-honored channels of supply - has brought considerable social unrest. Kazakhstan lacks the funds, technology, and managerial skills for a quick recovery of output. US firms have been enlisted to increase oil output but face formidable obstacles; for example, oil can now reach Western markets only through pipelines that run across independent (and sometimes unfriendly) former Soviet republics. Finally, the end of monolithic
Communist control has brought ethnic grievances into the open. The 6 million
Russians in the republic, formerly the favored class, now face the hostility of a society dominated by Muslims. Ethnic rivalry will be just one of the formidable obstacles to the creation of a productive, technologically advancing society.
GDP: purchasing power equivalent - $NA; per capita NA; real growth rate - 7% (1991 est.)
Real gdp purchasing power parity
Real gdp growth rate
Real gdp per capita ppp
Gross national saving
Gdp composition by sector of origin
Gdp composition by end use
Gdp composition by sector of origin
Agriculture products: employs 30% of the labor force; grain, mostly spring wheat; meat, cotton, wool
Industries: extractive industries (oil, coal, iron ore, manganese, chromite, lead, zinc, copper, titanium, bauxite, gold, silver, phosphates, sulfur) iron and steel, nonferrous metal, tractors and other agricultural machinery, electric motors, construction materials
Industrial production growth rate: growth rate 0.7% (1991)
Labor force: 8,267,000 (1989)
Organized labor: official trade unions, independent coal miners' union
Labor force
Unemployment rate: NA%
Youth unemployment
Population below poverty line
Gini index
Household income or consumption by percentage share
Distribution of family income gini index
Budget: revenues $NA million; expenditures $NA million, including capital expenditures of $1.76 billion (1991)
Public debt
Taxes and other revenues
Revenue
Fiscal year: calendar year
Current account balance
Inflation rate consumer prices
Central bank discount rate
Commercial bank prime lending rate
Stock of narrow money
Stock of broad money
Stock of domestic credit
Market value of publicly traded shares
Current account balance
Exports: $4.2 billion (f.o.b., 1991)
Commodoties: oil, ferrous and nonferrous metals, chemicals, grain, wool, meat (1991)
Partners: Russia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan
Imports: $NA million (c.i.f., 1990)
Commodoties: machinery and parts, industrial materials
Partners: Russia and other former Soviet republics
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
Debt external
Stock of direct foreign investment at home
Stock of direct foreign investment abroad
Exchange rates: NA
Kazakhstan - Energy 1992
top of pageElectricity access
Electricity production: 17,900,000 kW capacity; 79,100 million kWh produced, 4,735 kWh per capita (1991)
Electricity consumption
Electricity exports
Electricity imports
Electricity installed generating capacity
Electricity transmission distribution losses
Electricity generation sources
Petroleum
Refined petroleum
Natural gas
Carbon dioxide emissions
Energy consumption per capita
Kazakhstan - Communication 1992
top of pageTelephones fixed lines
Telephones mobile cellular
Telephone system
Broadcast media
Internet country code
Internet users
Broadband fixed subscriptions
Kazakhstan - Military 1992
top of pageMilitary expenditures
Percent of gdp: $NA, NA% of GDP
Military and security forces
Military service age and obligation
Space program
Terrorist groups
Kazakhstan - Transportation 1992
top of pageNational air transport system
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
Airports: NA
Airports with paved runways
Airports with unpaved runways
Heliports
Pipelines: crude oil NA km, refined products NA km, natural gas NA
Railways
Roadways
Waterways: NA km perennially navigable
Merchant marine
Ports and terminals
Kazakhstan - Transnational issues 1992
top of pageDisputes international
Refugees and internally displaced persons
Illicit drugs: illicit producers of cannabis and opium; mostly for domestic consumption; status of government eradication programs unknown; used as transshipment points for illicit drugs to Western Europe