Statistical information Rwanda 1992

Rwanda in the World

Rwanda - Geography 1992

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Location

Geographic coordinates

Map reference

Area
Total: 26,340 km²
Land: 24,950 km²
Comparative: slightly smaller than Maryland

Land boundaries: 893 km total; Burundi 290 km, Tanzania 217 km, Uganda 169 km, Zaire 217 km

Coastline: none - landlocked

Maritime claims: none - landlocked
Disputes: none

Climate:

temperate; two rainy seasons (February to April, November to
January); mild in mountains with frost and snow possible

Terrain: mostly grassy uplands and hills; mountains in west

Elevation

Natural resources: gold, cassiterite (tin ore), wolframite (tungsten ore), natural gas, hydropower

Land use

Land use: arable land: 29%; permanent crops: 11%; meadows and pastures 18%; forest and woodland 10%; other 32%; includes irrigated NEGL%

Irrigated land

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal

Total renewable water resources

Natural hazards

Geography

Rwanda - People 1992

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Population: 8,206,446 (July 1992), growth rate 3.8% (1992)

Nationality: noun - Rwandan(s; adjective - Rwandan

Ethnic groups: Hutu 90%, Tutsi 9%, Twa (Pygmoid) 1%

Languages: Kinyarwanda, French (official; Kiswahili used in commercial centers

Religions: Roman Catholic 65%, Protestant 9%, Muslim 1%, indigenous beliefs and other 25%

Demographic profile

Age structure

Age structure

Dependency ratios

Median age

Population growth rate

Birth rate: 52 births/1000 population (1992)

Death rate: 14 deaths/1000 population (1992)

Net migration rate: 0 migrants/1000 population (1992)

Population distribution

Urbanization

Major urban areas

Environment
Current issues: deforestation; overgrazing; soil exhaustion; soil erosion; periodic droughts
Current issues note: landlocked

Air pollutants

Sex ratio

Mothers mean age at first birth

Maternal mortality ratio

Infant mortality rate: 108 deaths/1000 live births (1992)

Life expectancy at birth: 51 years male, 55 years female (1992)

Total fertility rate: 8.3 children born/woman (1992)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

Drinking water source

Current health expenditure

Physicians density

Hospital bed density

Sanitation facility access

Hiv/Aids

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate

Alcohol consumption

Tobacco use

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

Education expenditures

Literacy: 50% (male 64%, female 37%) age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education

Youth unemployment

Rwanda - Government 1992

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Country name
Conventional long form: Republic of Rwanda

Government type:

republic; presidential system in which military leaders hold key offices; on 31 December 1990, the government announced a National Political
Charter to serve as a basis for transition to a presidential/parliamentary political system; the 1978 constitution was replaced in June 1991 via popular referendum by a new constitution creating a multiparty system with a president and prime minister

Capital: Kigali

Administrative divisions:

10 prefectures (prefectures, singular - prefecture in French; plural - NA, singular - prefegitura in Kinyarwanda);
Butare, Byumba, Cyangugu, Gikongoro, Gisenyi, Gitarama, Kibungo, Kibuye,
Rigali, Ruhengeri

Dependent areas

Independence: 1 July 1962 (from UN trusteeship under Belgian administration)

National holiday: Independence Day, 1 July (1962)

Constitution: 18 June 1991

Legal system: based on German and Belgian civil law systems and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

International law organization participation

Citizenship

Suffrage: universal adult, exact age NA
President: last held 19 December 1988 (next to be held NA December 1993); results - President Maj. Gen. Juvenal HABYARIMANA reelected
National Development Council:

last held 19 December 1988 (next to be held NA December 1993); results - MRND is the only party; seats - (70 total)
MRND 70

Executive branch: president, prime minister, Council of Ministers (cabinet)

Legislative branch:

unicameral National Development Council (Conseil
National de Developpement)

Judicial branch:

Constitutional Court (consists of the Court of
Cassation and the Council of State in joint session)

Political parties and leaders

International organization participation:

ACCT, ACP, AfDB, ECA, CCC, CEEAC, CEPGL, FAO, G-77, GATT,
IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, LORCS,
NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Diplomatic representation:

Ambassador Aloys UWIMANA; Chancery at 1714
New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20,009; telephone (202) 232-2,882

US:

Ambassador Robert A. FLATEN; Embassy at Boulevard de la Revolution,
Kigali (mailing address is B. P. 28, Kigali); telephone 250 75,601 through 75,603; FAX 250 72,128

Diplomatic representation

Flag description

: three equal vertical bands of red (hoist side), yellow, and green with a large black letter R

National symbols

National anthem

National heritage

Rwanda - Economy 1992

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Economy overview:

Almost 50% of GDP comes from the agricultural sector; coffee and tea make up 80-90% of total exports. The amount of fertile land is limited, however, and deforestation and soil erosion have created problems.
The industrial sector in Rwanda is small, contributing only 17% to GDP.
Manufacturing focuses mainly on the processing of agricultural products. The
Rwandan economy remains dependent on coffee exports and foreign aid. Weak international prices since 1986 have caused the economy to contract and per capita GDP to decline. A structural adjustment program with the World Bank began in October 1990. An outbreak of insurgency, also in October, has dampened any prospects for economic improvement.

GDP: exchange rate conversion - $2.1 billion, per capita $300; real growth rate -6.8% (1990 est.)

Real gdp purchasing power parity

Real gdp growth rate

Real gdp per capita ppp

Gross national saving

Gdp composition by sector of origin

Gdp composition by end use

Gdp composition by sector of origin

Agriculture products: accounts for almost 50% of GDP and about 90% of the labor force; cash crops - coffee, tea, pyrethrum (insecticide made from chrysanthemums; main food crops - bananas, beans, sorghum, potatoes; stock raising; self-sufficiency declining; country imports foodstuffs as farm production fails to keep up with a 3.8% annual growth in population

Industries: mining of cassiterite (tin ore) and wolframite (tungsten ore), tin, cement, agricultural processing, small-scale beverage production, soap, furniture, shoes, plastic goods, textiles, cigarettes

Industrial production growth rate: growth rate 1.2% (1988; accounts for 17% of GDP

Labor force: 3,600,000; agriculture 93%, government and services 5%, industry and commerce 2%; 49% of population of working age (1985)
Organized labor: NA

Labor force

Unemployment rate: NA%

Youth unemployment

Population below poverty line

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget: revenues $391 million; expenditures $491 million, including capital expenditures of $225 million (1989 est.)

Public debt

Taxes and other revenues

Revenue

Fiscal year: calendar year

Current account balance

Inflation rate consumer prices

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares

Current account balance

Exports: $111.7 million (f.o.b., 1990 est.)
Commodoties: coffee 85%, tea, tin, cassiterite, wolframite, pyrethrum
Partners: Germany, Belgium, Italy, Uganda, UK, France, US

Imports: $279.2 million (f.o.b., 1990 est.)
Commodoties: textiles, foodstuffs, machines and equipment, capital goods, steel, petroleum products, cement and construction material
Partners: US, Belgium, Germany, Kenya, Japan

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

Debt external

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates: Rwandan francs (RF) per US$1 - 121.40 (January 1992), 125.14 (1991), 82.60 (1990), 79.98 (1989), 76.45 (1988), 79.67 (1987)

Rwanda - Energy 1992

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Electricity access

Electricity production: 30,000 kW capacity; 130 million kWh produced, 15 kWh per capita (1991)

Electricity consumption

Electricity exports

Electricity imports

Electricity installed generating capacity

Electricity transmission distribution losses

Electricity generation sources

Petroleum

Refined petroleum

Natural gas

Carbon dioxide emissions

Energy consumption per capita

Rwanda - Communication 1992

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Telephones fixed lines

Telephones mobile cellular

Telephone system

Broadcast media

Internet country code

Internet users

Broadband fixed subscriptions

Rwanda - Military 1992

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Military expenditures
Percent of gdp:

exchange rate conversion - $37 million, 1.6% of
GDP (1988 est.)

Military and security forces

Military service age and obligation

Space program

Terrorist groups

Rwanda - Transportation 1992

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National air transport system

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

Airports:

8 total, 8 usable; 3 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways over 3,659 m; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m;2
with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Airports with paved runways

Airports with unpaved runways

Heliports

Pipelines

Railways

Roadways

Waterways: Lac Kivu navigable by shallow-draft barges and native craft
Civil air: 2 major transport aircraft

Merchant marine

Ports and terminals

Rwanda - Transnational issues 1992

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Disputes international

Refugees and internally displaced persons

Illicit drugs