Map of Armenia | Geography | People | Government | Economy | Energy | Communication
Military | Transportation | Transnational Issues | Year: Guide198919901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220232024 | More stats

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Background: Armenia's leaders remain preoccupied by Armenia's conflict with Azerbaijan over the Nagorno-Karabakh enclave.


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Location

Geographic coordinates

Map reference

Area
Total: 29,800 km²
Land: 28,400 km²
Comparative: slightly larger than Maryland

Land boundaries: 1,254 km total; Azerbaijan (east) 566 km, Azerbaijan (south) 221 km, Georgia 164 km, Iran 35 km, Turkey 268 km

Coastline: none - landlocked

Maritime claims: none - landlocked
Disputes:

Climate: continental, hot, and subject to drought

Terrain: high Armenian Plateau with mountain; little forest land; fast flowing rivers; good soil in Aras River valley

Elevation

Natural resources: small deposits of gold, copper, molybdenum, zinc, alumina

Land use: 10% arable land; NA% permanent crops; NA% meadows and pastures; NA% forest and woodland; NA% other; NA% irrigated

Irrigated land

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal

Total renewable water resources

Natural hazards

Geography


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Population: 3,415,566 (July 1992), growth rate 0.8% (1992)

Nationality: noun - Armenian(s; adjective - Armenian

Ethnic groups: Armenian 93.3%, Russian 1.5%, Kurd 1.7%, other 3.5%

Languages: Armenian 93%, Russian 2%, other 5%

Religions: Armenian Orthodox 94%

Demographic profile

Age structure

Dependency ratios

Median age

Population growth rate

Birth rate: 22 births/1000 population (1992)

Death rate: 7 deaths/1000 population (1992)

Net migration rate: 7 migrants/1000 population (1992)

Population distribution

Urbanization

Major urban areas

Environment
Current issues:

Air pollutants

Sex ratio

Mothers mean age at first birth

Maternal mortality ratio

Infant mortality rate: 35 deaths/1000 live births (1992)

Life expectancy at birth: 68 years male, 74 years female (1992)

Total fertility rate: 2.7 children born/woman (1992)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

Drinking water source

Current health expenditure

Physicians density

Hospital bed density

Sanitation facility access

Hiv/Aids

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate

Alcohol consumption

Tobacco use

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

Education expenditures

Literacy: NA% (male NA%, female NA%) age 15 and over can read and write (NA)

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education

Youth unemployment


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Country name
Conventional long form: Republic of Armenia

Government type: republic

Capital: Yerevan

Administrative divisions: none - all rayons are under direct republic jurisdiction

Dependent areas

Independence: Armenian Republic formed 29 November 1920 and became part of the Soviet Union on 30 December 1922; on 23 September 1991, Armenia renamed itself the Republic of Armenia

National holiday: NA

Constitution: adopted NA April 1978, effective NA

Legal system: based on civil law system

International law organization participation

Citizenship

Suffrage: universal at age 18
President: last held 16 October 1990 (next to be held NA); results - elected by the Supreme Soviet, Levon Akopovich TER-PETROSYAN 86%; radical nationalists about 7%
Supreme Soviet:

Executive branch: President, Council of Ministers, prime minister

Legislative branch: unicameral body - Supreme Soviet

Judicial branch: Supreme Court

Political parties and leaders

International organization participation: CSCE, NACC, UN, UNCTAD
Diplomatic representation:
US:

Diplomatic representation

Flag description: NA

National symbols

National anthem

National heritage


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Economy overview: Armenia under the old centrally planned Soviet system had built up textile, machine-building, and other industries and had become a key supplier to sister republics. In turn, Armenia had depended on supplies of raw materials and energy from the other republics. Most of these supplies enter the republic by rail through Azerbaijan (85%) and Georgia (15%). The economy has been severely hurt by ethnic strife with Azerbaijan over control of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast, a mostly Armenian-populated enclave within the national boundaries of Azerbaijan. In addition to outright warfare, the strife has included interdiction of Armenian imports on the Azerbaijani railroads and expensive airlifts of supplies to beleagured Armenians in Nagorno-Karabakh. An earthquake in December 1988 destroyed about one-tenth of industrial capacity and housing, the repair of which has not been possible because the supply of funds and real resources has been disrupted by the reorganization and subsequent dismantling of the central USSR administrative apparatus. Among facilities made unserviceable by the earthquake are the Yerevan nuclear power plant, which had supplied 40% of Armenia's needs for electric power and a plant that produced one-quarter of the output of elevators in the former USSR. Armenia has some deposits of nonferrous metal ores (bauxite, copper, zinc, and molybdenum) that are largely unexploited. For the mid-term, Armenia's economic prospects seem particularly bleak because of ethnic strife and the unusually high dependence on outside areas, themselves in a chaotic state of transformation.
GDP: $NA, per capita $NA; real growth rate --10% (1991)

Real gdp purchasing power parity

Real gdp growth rate

Real gdp per capita

Gross national saving

Gdp composition by end use

Gdp composition by sector of origin

Agriculture products: only 10% of land area is arable; employs 18% of labor force; citrus, cotton, and dairy farming; vineyards near Yerevan are famous for brandy and other liqueurs

Industries: diverse, including (in percent of output of former USSR) metalcutting machine tools (6.7%), forging-pressing machines (4.7%), electric motors (8.7%), tires (2.1%), knitted wear (5.6%), hosiery (2.3%), shoes (2.2%), silk fabric (5.3%), washing machines (2.0%; also chemicals, trucks, watches, instruments, and microelectronics

Industrial production growth rate: growth rate --9.6% (1991)

Labor force: 1,630,000; industry and construction 42%, agriculture and forestry 18%, other 40% (1990)
Organized labor: NA

Unemployment rate: NA%

Youth unemployment

Population below poverty line

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget: revenues $NA; expenditures $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA

Taxes and other revenues

Public debt

Revenue

Fiscal year: calendar year

Inflation rate consumer prices

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares

Current account balance

Exports: $176 million (f.o.b., 1990)
Commodoties: machinery and transport equipment, ferrous and nonferrous metals, and chemicals (1991)
Partners: NA

Imports: $1.5 billion (c.i.f., 1990)
Commodoties: machinery, energy, consumer goods (1991)
Partners: NA

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

Debt external

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates: NA


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Electricity
Production: NA kW capacity; 10,433 million kWh produced, about 3,000 kWh per capita (1990)

Coal

Petroleum

Crude oil

Refined petroleum

Natural gas

Carbon dioxide emissions

Energy consumption per capita


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Telephones

Telephone system

Broadcast media

Internet

Broadband fixed subscriptions


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Military expenditures
Percent of gdp: $NA, NA% of GDP

Military and security forces

Military service age and obligation

Space program

Terrorist groups


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National air transport system

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

Airports:

Heliports

Pipelines: NA

Railways

Roadways

Waterways: NA km perennially navigable

Merchant marine

Ports and terminals


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Disputes international

Refugees and internally displaced persons

Illicit drugs: