Statistical information Ecuador 1992Ecuador

Map of Ecuador | Geography | People | Government | Economy | Energy | Communication
Military | Transportation | Transnational Issues | Year:  | More stats

Ecuador in the World
Ecuador in the World

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Ecuador - Introduction 1992
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Background: The 'Republic of the Equator' was one of three countries that emerged from the collapse of Gran Colombia in 1830 (the others being Colombia and Venezuela). Between 1904 and 1942 Ecuador lost territories in a series of conflicts with its neighbors.


Ecuador - Geography 1992
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Location

Geographic coordinates

Map reference

Area
Total: 283,560 km²
Land: 276,840 km²; includes Galapagos Islands
Comparative: slightly smaller than Nevada

Land boundaries: 2,010 km; Colombia 590 km, Peru 1,420 km

Coastline: 2,237 km

Maritime claims
Continental shelf:
claims continental shelf between mainland and
Galapagos Islands

Territorial sea: 200 nm
Disputes: three sections of the boundary with Peru are in dispute

Climate: tropical along coast becoming cooler inland

Terrain: coastal plain (Costa), inter-Andean central highlands (Sierra), and flat to rolling eastern jungle (Oriente)

Elevation

Natural resources: petroleum, fish, timber
Land use

Land use: arable land: 6%; permanent crops: 3%; meadows and pastures 17%; forest and woodland 51%; other 23%; includes irrigated 2%

Irrigated land

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal

Total renewable water resources

Natural hazards

Geography


Ecuador - People 1992
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Population: 10,933,143 (July 1992), growth rate 2.2% (1992)

Nationality: noun - Ecuadorian(s; adjective - Ecuadorian

Ethnic groups:
mestizo (mixed Indian and Spanish) 55%, Indian 25%,
Spanish 10%, black 10%


Languages: Spanish (official; Indian languages, especially Quechua

Religions: Roman Catholic 95%

Demographic profile
Age structure

Age structure

Dependency ratios

Median age

Population growth rate

Birth rate: 28 births/1000 population (1992)

Death rate: 6 deaths/1000 population (1992)

Net migration rate: 0 migrants/1000 population (1992)

Population distribution

Urbanization

Major urban areas

Environment
Current issues: subject to frequent earthquakes, landslides, volcanic activity; deforestation; desertification; soil erosion; periodic droughts
Current issues note: Cotopaxi in Andes is highest active volcano in world

Air pollutants

Sex ratio

Mothers mean age at first birth

Maternal mortality ratio

Infant mortality rate: 42 deaths/1000 live births (1992)

Life expectancy at birth: 67 years male, 72 years female (1992)

Total fertility rate: 3.5 children born/woman (1992)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

Drinking water source

Current health expenditure

Physicians density

Hospital bed density

Sanitation facility access

Hiv/Aids

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate

Alcohol consumption

Tobacco use

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

Education expenditures

Literacy: 86% (male 88%, female 84%) age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education

Youth unemployment


Ecuador - Government 1992
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Country name
Conventional long form: Republic of Ecuador

Government type: republic

Capital: Quito

Administrative divisions:
21 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Azuay, Bolivar, Canar, Carchi, Chimborazo, Cotopaxi, El Oro,
Esmeraldas, Galapagos, Guayas, Imbabura, Loja, Los Rios, Manabi,
Morona-Santiago, Napo, Pastaza, Pichincha, Sucumbios, Tungurahua,
Zamora-Chinchipe


Dependent areas

Independence: 24 May 1822 (from Spain; Battle of Pichincha)

National holiday:
Independence Day, 10 August (1809, independence of
Quito)


Constitution: 10 August 1979

Legal system: based on civil law system; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

International law organization participation

Citizenship

Suffrage: universal at age 18; compulsory for literate persons ages 18-65, optional for other eligible voters
National Congress: last held 17 June 1990 (next to be held 17 May 1992); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (72 total) PSC 16, ID 14, PRE 13, PSE 8, DP 7, CFP 3, PC 3, PLR 3, FADI 2, FRA 2, MPD 1
President: runoff election held 5 July 1992; results - Sixto DURAN elected as president and Alberto DAHIK elected as vice president
Communists:
Communist Party of Ecuador (PCE, pro-Moscow), Rene Mauge
MOSQUERA, secretary general, 5,000 members; Communist Party of
Ecuador/Marxist-Leninist (PCMLE, Maoist), 3,000 members; Socialist Party of
Ecuador (PSE, pro-Cuba), 5,000 members (est.); National Liberation Party (PLN, Communist), less than 5,000 members (est.)


Executive branch: president, vice president, Cabinet

Legislative branch: unicameral National Congress (Congreso Nacional)

Judicial branch: Supreme Court (Corte Suprema)

Political parties and leaders

International organization participation:
AG, ECLAC, FAO, G-11, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC,
ICFTU, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ITU,
LAES, LAIA, LORCS, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPEC, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO,
UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Diplomatic representation:
Ambassador Jaime MONCAYO; Chancery at 2,535 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20,009; telephone (202) 234-7,200; there are
Ecuadorian Consulates General in Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New
Orleans, New York, and San Francisco, and a Consulate in San Diego

US:
Ambassador vacant; Embassy at Avenida 12 de Octubre y Avenida
Patria; Quito (mailing address is P. O. Box 538, Quito, or APO AA 34,039); telephone 593 (2) 562-890; FAX 593 (2) 502-052; there is a US Consulate
General in Guayaquil


Diplomatic representation

Flag descriptionflag of Ecuador: three horizontal bands of yellow (top, double width), blue, and red with the coat of arms superimposed at the center of the flag; similar to the flag of Colombia that is shorter and does not bear a coat of arms

National symbols

National anthem

National heritage


Ecuador - Economy 1992
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Economy overview: Ecuador has substantial oil resources and rich agricultural areas. Growth has been uneven because of natural disasters (for example, a major earthquake in 1987), fluctuations in global oil prices, and government policies designed to curb inflation. The government has not taken a supportive attitude toward either domestic or foreign investment, although its agreement to enter the Andean free trade zone is an encouraging move. As 1991 ended, Ecuador received a standby IMF loan of $105 million, which will permit the country to proceed with the rescheduling of Paris Club debt.
GDP: exchange rate conversion - $11.5 billion, per capita $1,070; real growth rate 2.5% (1991)

Real gdp purchasing power parity

Real gdp growth rate

Real gdp per capita

Gross national saving
Gdp composition by sector of origin

Gdp composition by end use

Gdp composition by sector of origin

Agriculture products: accounts for 18% of GDP and 35% of labor force (including fishing and forestry; leading producer and exporter of bananas and balsawood; other exports - coffee, cocoa, fish, shrimp; crop production - rice, potatoes, manioc, plantains, sugarcane; livestock sector - cattle, sheep, hogs, beef, pork, dairy products; net importer of foodgrains, dairy products, and sugar

Industries: petroleum, food processing, textiles, metal works, paper products, wood products, chemicals, plastics, fishing, timber

Industrial production growth rate: growth rate -3.8% (1989; accounts for almost 40% of GDP, including petroleum

Labor force: 2,800,000; agriculture 35%, manufacturing 21%, commerce 16%, services and other activities 28% (1982)
Organized labor: less than 15% of labor force
Labor force

Unemployment rate: 8.0% (1990)

Youth unemployment

Population below poverty line

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget: revenues $2.2 billion; expenditures $2.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $375 million (1991)

Taxes and other revenues

Public debt

Revenue

Fiscal year: calendar year

Inflation rate consumer prices

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares

Current account balance

Exports: $2.9 billion (f.o.b., 1991)
Commodoties: petroleum 47%, coffee, bananas, cocoa products, shrimp, fish products
Partners: US 60%, Latin America, Caribbean, EC countries

Imports: $1.95 billion (f.o.b., 1991)
Commodoties: transport equipment, vehicles, machinery, chemicals
Partners: US 34%, Latin America, Caribbean, EC, Japan

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

Debt external

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates: sucres (S/) per US$1 - 1,046.25 (1991), 869.54 (December 1990), 767.75 (1990), 526.35 (1989), 301.61 (1988), 170.46 (1987)


Ecuador - Energy 1992
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Electricity
Production: 2,344,000 kW capacity; 6,430 million kWh produced, 598 kWh per capita (1991)

Coal

Petroleum

Crude oil

Refined petroleum

Natural gas

Carbon dioxide emissions

Energy consumption per capita


Ecuador - Communication 1992
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Telephones

Telephone system

Broadcast media

Internet

Broadband fixed subscriptions


Ecuador - Military 1992
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Military expenditures
Percent of gdp: exchange rate conversion - $NA, NA% of GDP

Military and security forces

Military service age and obligation

Space program

Terrorist groups


Ecuador - Transportation 1992
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National air transport system

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

Airports:
143 total, 142 usable; 43 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway over 3,659 m; 6
with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 23
with runways 1,220-2,439 m


Heliports

Pipelines: crude oil 800 km; petroleum products 1,358 km

Railways

Roadways

Waterways: 1,500 km

Merchant marine:
46 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 337,999
GRT/491,996 DWT; includes 2 passenger, 4 cargo, 17 refrigerated cargo, 4 container, 1 roll-on/roll-off, 15 petroleum tanker, 1 liquefied gas, 2 bulk

Civil air: 23 major transport aircraft

Ports and terminals


Ecuador - Transnational issues 1992
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Disputes international

Refugees and internally displaced persons

Illicit drugs: minor illicit producer of coca following the successful eradication campaign of 1985-87; significant transit country, however, for derivatives of coca originating in Colombia, Bolivia, and Peru


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