Statistical information Iraq 1992Iraq

Map of Iraq | Geography | People | Government | Economy | Energy | Communication
Military | Transportation | Transnational Issues | Year:  | More stats

Iraq in the World
Iraq in the World

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Iraq - Introduction 1992
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Background: Iraq lies in the lower part of the Tigris-Euphrates valley, the heart of one of the four great ancient civilizations. The area was overrun by Arab, Mongol, and Turkish conquerors and became a British mandate following World War I. Independence came in 1932. Iraq's pro-Western stance ended in 1958 with the overthrow of the monarchy. Its subsequent turbulent history has witnessed the dictatorship of SADDAM Husayn, civil war with the Kurds, a bloody conflict with neighboring Iran, and, in 1990, an invasion of Kuwait, swiftly turned back by a Western coalition led by the US. Noncooperation with UN Security Council resolution obligations and the UN's inspection of Iraq's nuclear, chemical, biological, and long-range missile weapons programs remain major problems.


Iraq - Geography 1992
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Location

Geographic coordinates

Map reference

Area
Total: 436,245 km²
Land: 435,292 km² (est.)
Comparative: slightly more than twice the size of Idaho

Land boundaries:
3,576 km; Iran 1,458 km, Jordan 134 km, Kuwait 240 km,
Saudi Arabia 808 km, Syria 605 km, Turkey 331 km


Coastline: 58 km

Maritime claims
Continental shelf: not specific
Territorial sea: 12 nm
Disputes:
Iran and Iraq restored diplomatic relations in 1990 but are still trying to work out written agreements settling outstanding disputes from their eight-year war concerning border demarcation, prisoners-of-war, and freedom of navigation and sovereignty over the Shatt-al-Arab waterway; in April 1991 official Iraqi acceptance of UN Security Council Resolution 687, which demands that Iraq accept the inviolability of the boundary set forth in its 1963 agreement with Kuwait, ending earlier claims to Bubiyan and Warbah Islands or to all of Kuwait; a United Nations Boundary
Demarcation Commission is demarcating the Iraq-Kuwait boundary persuant to
Resolution 687, and, on 17 June 1992, the UN Security Council reaffirmed the finality of the Boundary Demarcation Commission's decisions; periodic disputes with upstream riparian Syria over Euphrates water rights; potential dispute over water development plans by Turkey for the Tigris and Euphrates
Rivers


Climate: mostly desert; mild to cool winters with dry, hot, cloudless summers; northernmost regions along Iranian and Turkish borders experience cold winters with occasionally heavy snows

Terrain: mostly broad plains; reedy marshes in southeast; mountains along borders with Iran and Turkey

Elevation

Natural resources: crude oil, natural gas, phosphates, sulfur
Land use

Land use: arable land: 12%; permanent crops: 1%; meadows and pastures 9%; forest and woodland 3%; other 75%; includes irrigated 4%

Irrigated land

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal

Total renewable water resources

Natural hazards

Geography


Iraq - People 1992
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Population: 18,445,847 (July 1992), growth rate 3.7% (1992)

Nationality: noun - Iraqi(s; adjective - Iraqi

Ethnic groups: Arab 75-80%, Kurdish 15-20%, Turkoman, Assyrian or other 5%

Languages:
Arabic (official), Kurdish (official in Kurdish regions),
Assyrian, Armenian


Religions: Muslim 97%, (Shi`a 60-65%, Sunni 32-37%), Christian or other 3%

Demographic profile
Age structure

Age structure

Dependency ratios

Median age

Population growth rate

Birth rate: 45 births/1000 population (1992)

Death rate: 9 deaths/1000 population (1992)

Net migration rate: NEGL migrants/1000 population (1992)

Population distribution

Urbanization

Major urban areas

Environment
Current issues: development of Tigris-Euphrates Rivers system contingent upon agreements with upstream riparians (Syria, Turkey; air and water pollution; soil degradation (salinization) and erosion; desertification

Air pollutants

Sex ratio

Mothers mean age at first birth

Maternal mortality ratio

Infant mortality rate: 84 deaths/1000 live births (1992)

Life expectancy at birth: 62 years male, 64 years female (1992)

Total fertility rate: 7.0 children born/woman (1992)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

Drinking water source

Current health expenditure

Physicians density

Hospital bed density

Sanitation facility access

Hiv/Aids

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate

Alcohol consumption

Tobacco use

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

Education expenditures

Literacy: 60% (male 70%, female 49%) age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education

Youth unemployment


Iraq - Government 1992
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Country name
Conventional long form: Republic of Iraq

Government type: republic

Capital: Baghdad

Administrative divisions:
18 provinces (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah); Al Anbar, Al Basrah, Al Muthanna, Al Qadisiyah, An Najaf, Arbil,
As Sulaymaniyah, At Ta'im, Babil, Baghdad, Dahuk, Dhi Qar, Diyala, Karbala,
Maysan, Ninawa, Salah ad Din, Wasit


Dependent areas

Independence:
3 October 1932 (from League of Nations mandate under
British administration)


National holiday: Anniversary of the Revolution, 17 July (1968)

Constitution:
22 September 1968, effective 16 July 1970 (interim
Constitution); new constitution drafted in 1990 but not adopted


Legal system: based on Islamic law in special religious courts, civil law system elsewhere; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

International law organization participation

Citizenship

Suffrage: universal adult at age 18
National Assembly: last held on 1 April 1989 (next to be held NA); results - Sunni Arabs 53%, Shi`a Arabs 30%, Kurds 15%, Christians 2% est.), seats - (250 total) number of seats by party NA

Executive branch:
president, vice president, chairman of the
Revolutionary Command Council, vice chairman of the Revolutionary Command
Council, prime minister, first deputy prime minister, Council of Ministers


Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly (Majlis al-Watani)

Judicial branch: Court of Cassation

Political parties and leaders

International organization participation:
ABEDA, ACC, AFESD, AL, AMF, CAEU, CCC, ESCWA, FAO, G-19,
G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT,
INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, LORCS, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPEC, PCA, UN,
UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Diplomatic representation:
Iraq has an Interest Section in the Algerian
Embassy in Washington, DC; Chancery at 1801 P Street NW, Washington, DC 20,036; telephone (202) 483-7,500

US:
no US representative in Baghdad since mid-January 1991; Embassy in
Masbah Quarter (opposite the Foreign Ministry Club), Baghdad (mailing address is P. O. Box 2,447 Alwiyah, Baghdad); telephone 964 (1) 719-6,138 or 719-6,139, 718-1840, 719-3,791


Diplomatic representation

Flag descriptionflag of Iraq: three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black with three green five-pointed stars in a horizontal line centered in the white band; the phrase Allahu Akbar (God is Great) in green Arabic script - Allahu to the right of the middle star and Akbar to the left of the middle star - was added in January 1991 during the Persian Gulf crisis; similar to the flag of Syria that has two stars but no script and the flag of Yemen that has a plain white band; also similar to the flag of Egypt that has a symbolic eagle centered in the white band

National symbols

National anthem

National heritage


Iraq - Economy 1992
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Economy overview:
The Ba`thist regime engages in extensive central planning and management of industrial production and foreign trade while leaving some small-scale industry and services and most agriculture to private enterprise. The economy has been dominated by the oil sector, which has provided about 95% of foreign exchange earnings. In the 1980s financial problems, caused by massive expenditures in the eight-year war with Iran and damage to oil export facilities by Iran, led the government to implement austerity measures and to borrow heavily and later reschedule foreign debt payments. After the end of hostilities in 1988, oil exports gradually increased with the construction of new pipelines and restoration of damaged facilities. Agricultural development remained hampered by labor shortages, salinization, and dislocations caused by previous land reform and collectivization programs. The industrial sector, although accorded high priority by the government, also was under financial constraints. Iraq's seizure of Kuwait in August 1990, subsequent international economic embargoes, and military actions by an international coalition beginning in
January 1991 drastically changed the economic picture. Oil exports were cut to near zero, and industrial and transportation facilities were severely damaged. Throughout 1991, the UN's economic embargo worked to reduce exports and imports and to increase prices for most goods. The government's policy to allocate goods to key supporters of the regime exacerbated shortages.

GNP: $35 billion, per capita $1,940; real growth rate 10% (1989 est.)

Real gdp purchasing power parity

Real gdp growth rate

Real gdp per capita

Gross national saving
Gdp composition by sector of origin

Gdp composition by end use

Gdp composition by sector of origin

Agriculture products: accounts for 11% of GNP but 30% of labor force; principal products - wheat, barley, rice, vegetables, dates, other fruit, cotton, wool; livestock - cattle, sheep; not self-sufficient in food output

Industries: petroleum production and refining, chemicals, textiles, construction materials, food processing

Industrial production growth rate: NA%; manufacturing accounts for 10% of GNP (1989)

Labor force: 4,400,000 (1989); services 48%, agriculture 30%, industry 22%, severe labor shortage; expatriate labor force about 1,600,000 (July 1990)
Organized labor: less than 10% of the labor force
Labor force

Unemployment rate: less than 5% (1989 est.)

Youth unemployment

Population below poverty line

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget: revenues $NA billion; expenditures $NA billion, including capital expenditures of NA (1989)

Taxes and other revenues

Public debt

Revenue

Fiscal year: calendar year

Inflation rate consumer prices

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares

Current account balance

Exports: $10.4 billion (f.o.b., 1990)
Commodoties: crude oil and refined products, fertilizer, sulfur
Partners: US, Brazil, Turkey, Japan, Netherlands, Spain (1990)

Imports: $6.6 billion (c.i.f., 1990)
Commodoties: manufactures, food
Partners: FRG, US, Turkey, France, UK (1990)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

Debt external

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates: Iraqi dinars (ID) per US$1 - 3.1 (fixed official rate since 1982; black-market rate (December 1991) US$1 = 12 Iraqi dinars


Iraq - Energy 1992
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Electricity
Production:
3,800,000 kW available out of 9,902,000 kw capacity due to
Gulf war; 7,700 million kWh produced, 430 kWh per capita (1991)


Coal

Petroleum

Crude oil

Refined petroleum

Natural gas

Carbon dioxide emissions

Energy consumption per capita


Iraq - Communication 1992
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Telephones

Telephone system

Broadcast media

Internet

Broadband fixed subscriptions


Iraq - Military 1992
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Military expenditures
Percent of gdp: exchange rate conversion - $NA, NA% of GNP

Military and security forces

Military service age and obligation

Space program

Terrorist groups


Iraq - Transportation 1992
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National air transport system

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

Airports:
113 total, 98 usable; 73 with permanent-surface runways; 8
with runways over 3,659 m; 52
with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 12
with runways 1,220-2,439 m


Heliports

Pipelines: crude oil 4,350 km; petroleum products 725 km; natural gas 1,360 km

Railways

Roadways

Waterways:
1,015 km; Shatt-al-Arab usually navigable by maritime traffic for about 130 km, but closed since September 1980 because of
Iran-Iraq war; Tigris and Euphrates Rivers have navigable sections for shallow-draft watercraft; Shatt-al-Basrah canal was navigable by shallow-draft craft before closing in 1991 because of the Persian Gulf war


Merchant marine:
42 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 936,665
GRT/1,683,212 DWT; includes 1 passenger, 1 passenger-cargo, 16 cargo, 1 refrigerated cargo, 3 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 19 petroleum tanker, 1 chemical tanker; note - since the 2 August 1990 invasion of Kuwait by Iraqi forces, Iraq has sought to register at least part of its merchant fleet under convenience flags; none of the Iraqi flag merchant fleet was trading internationally as of 1 January 1992

Civil air: 34 major transport aircraft (including 7 grounded in Iran; excluding 12 IL-76s and 7 Kuwait Airlines)

Ports and terminals


Iraq - Transnational issues 1992
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Disputes international

Refugees and internally displaced persons

Illicit drugs


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