Statistical information Mongolia 1992Mongolia

Map of Mongolia | Geography | People | Government | Economy | Energy | Communication
Military | Transportation | Transnational Issues | Year:  | More stats

Mongolia in the World
Mongolia in the World

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Mongolia - Introduction 1992
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Background: Long a province of China Mongolia won its independence in 1921 with Soviet backing. A communist regime was installed in 1924.


Mongolia - Geography 1992
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Location

Geographic coordinates

Map reference

Area
Total: 1,565,000 km²
Land: 1,565,000 km²
Comparative: slightly larger than Alaska

Land boundaries: 8,114 km; China 4,673 km, Russia 3,441 km

Coastline: none - landlocked

Maritime claims: none - landlocked
Disputes: none

Climate: desert; continental (large daily and seasonal temperature ranges)

Terrain: vast semidesert and desert plains; mountains in west and southwest; Gobi Desert in southeast

Elevation

Natural resources: oil, coal, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, phosphates, tin, nickel, zinc, wolfram, fluorspar, gold
Land use

Land use: arable land: 1%; permanent crops: 0%; meadows and pastures 79%; forest and woodland 10%; other 10%; includes irrigated NEGL%

Irrigated land

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal

Total renewable water resources

Natural hazards

Geography


Mongolia - People 1992
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Population: 2,305,516 (July 1992), growth rate 2.6% (1992)

Nationality: noun - Mongolian(s; adjective - Mongolian

Ethnic groups: Mongol 90%, Kazakh 4%, Chinese 2%, Russian 2%, other 2%

Languages: Khalkha Mongol used by over 90% of population; minor languages include Turkic, Russian, and Chinese

Religions: predominantly Tibetan Buddhist, Muslim (about 4%; previously limited religious activity because of Communist regime

Demographic profile
Age structure

Age structure

Dependency ratios

Median age

Population growth rate

Birth rate: 34 births/1000 population (1992)

Death rate: 7 deaths/1000 population (1992)

Net migration rate: 0 migrants/1000 population (1992)

Population distribution

Urbanization

Major urban areas

Environment
Current issues: harsh and rugged
Current issues note: landlocked; strategic location between China and Russia

Air pollutants

Sex ratio

Mothers mean age at first birth

Maternal mortality ratio

Infant mortality rate: 47 deaths/1000 live births (1992)

Life expectancy at birth: 63 years male, 68 years female (1992)

Total fertility rate: 4.5 children born/woman (1992)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

Drinking water source

Current health expenditure

Physicians density

Hospital bed density

Sanitation facility access

Hiv/Aids

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate

Alcohol consumption

Tobacco use

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

Education expenditures

Literacy: 90% (male NA%, female NA%) (1989 est.)

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education

Youth unemployment


Mongolia - Government 1992
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Country name
Conventional long form: Mongolia

Government type: in transition from Communist state to republic

Capital: Ulaanbaatar

Administrative divisions:
18 provinces (aymguud, singular - aymag) and 3 municipalities* (hotuud, singular - hot); Arhangay, Bayanhongor,
Bayan-Olgiy, Bulgan, Darhan*, Dornod, Dornogovi, Dundgovi, Dzavhan,
Erdenet*, Govi-Altay, Hentiy, Hovd, Hovsgol, Omnogovi, Ovorhangay, Selenge,
Suhbaatar, Tov, Ulaanbaatar*, Uvs


Dependent areas

Independence: 13 March 1921 (from China; formerly Outer Mongolia)

National holiday: Mongolian People's Revolution (NAADAM) 11-13 July; observed 13 July

Constitution: 12 February 1992

Legal system: blend of Russian, Chinese, and Turkish systems of law; no constitutional provision for judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

International law organization participation

Citizenship

Suffrage: universal at age 18
People's Small Hural:
last held on 29 July 1990 (next to be held June 1992); results - MPRP 62.3%, MDP 24.5%, SDP 7. 5%, PNP 5.7%; seats - (50 total) MPRP 33, other 17; note - People's Small Hural will not exist after
State Great Hural is assembled

President: last held 3 September 1990 (next to be held NA July 1994); results - Punsalmaagiyn OCHIRBAT elected by the People's Great Hural
State Great Hural: first time held June 1992; note - according to the new present Constitution, the two parliamentary bodies are to be combined into a single popularly elected house consisting of 76 members; results - NA
Communists: MPRP membership 90,000 (1990 est.)

Executive branch: premier, deputy premiers, Cabinet, president, vice president

Legislative branch: State Great Hural

Judicial branch: High Court; serves as appeals court for people's and provincial courts, but to date rarely overturns verdicts of lower courts

Political parties and leaders

International organization participation:
AsDB, ESCAP, FAO, GATT, G-77, IAEA, IBEC, IBRD, ICAO, ILO,
IMF, IOC, ISO, ITU, LORCS, NAM, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO,
WIPO, WMO, WTO

Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Luvsandorj DAWAGIV; Chancery, (202) 983-1962
US:
Ambassador Joseph E. LAKE; Deputy Chief of Mission Thomas E. DOWLING;
Embassy at Ulaanbaatar, c/o American Embassy Beijing; PSC 461, Box 300, FPO
AP 6,521-0002; telephone (800) 29,095 and 29,639


Diplomatic representation

Flag descriptionflag of Mongolia: a new flag of unknown description reportedly has been adopted

National symbols

National anthem

National heritage


Mongolia - Economy 1992
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Economy overview:
Mongolia's severe climate, scattered population, and wide expanses of unproductive land have constrained economic development.
Economic activity traditionally has been based on agriculture and the breeding of livestock - Mongolia has the highest number of livestock per person in the world. In recent years extensive mineral resources have been developed with Soviet support. The mining and processing of coal, copper, molybdenum, tin, tungsten, and gold account for a large part of industrial production. Timber and fishing are also important sectors. In 1991-92
Mongolian leadership is struggling with severe economic dislocations, mainly attributable to the economic crumbling of the USSR, by far Mongolia's leading trade and development partner. Moscow almost certainly cut aid in 1991, and the dissolution of the USSR at yearend 1991 makes prospects for aid quite bleak for 1992. Industry in 1991-92 has been hit hard by energy shortages, mainly due to disruptions in coal production and shortfalls in petroleum imports. The government is moving away from the Soviet-style centrally planned economy through privatization and price reform.

GDP: exchange rate conversion - $2.1 billion, per capita $900; real growth rate - 13% (1991 est.)

Real gdp purchasing power parity

Real gdp growth rate

Real gdp per capita

Gross national saving
Gdp composition by sector of origin

Gdp composition by end use

Gdp composition by sector of origin

Agriculture products: accounts for about 20% of GDP and provides livelihood for about 50% of the population; livestock raising predominates (primarily sheep and goats, but also cattle, camels, and horses; crops - wheat, barley, potatoes, forage

Industries: copper, processing of animal products, building materials, food and beverage, mining (particularly coal)

Industrial production growth rate: growth rate - 12% (1991 est.)

Labor force: NA, but primarily herding/agricultural; over half the adult population is in the labor force, including a large percentage of women; shortage of skilled labor
Organized labor:
425,000 members of the Central Council of Mongolian
Trade Unions (CCMTU) controlled by the government (1984); independent labor organizations now being formed

Labor force

Unemployment rate: 15% (1991 est.)

Youth unemployment

Population below poverty line

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget: deficit of $67 million (1991)

Taxes and other revenues

Public debt

Revenue

Fiscal year: calendar year

Inflation rate consumer prices

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares

Current account balance

Exports: $279 million (f.o.b., 1991)
Commodoties: copper, livestock, animal products, cashmere, wool, hides, fluorspar, other nonferrous metals
Partners: USSR 75%, China 10%, Japan 4%

Imports: $360 million (f.o.b., 1991)
Commodoties: machinery and equipment, fuels, food products, industrial consumer goods, chemicals, building materials, sugar, tea
Partners: USSR 75%, Austria 5%, China 5%

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

Debt external

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates: tughriks (Tug) per US$1 - 7.1 (1991), 5.63 (1990), 3.00 (1989)


Mongolia - Energy 1992
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Electricity
Production: 1,238,000 kW capacity; 3,700 million kWh produced, 1,692 kWh per capita (1990)

Coal

Petroleum

Crude oil

Refined petroleum

Natural gas

Carbon dioxide emissions

Energy consumption per capita


Mongolia - Communication 1992
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Telephones

Telephone system

Broadcast media

Internet

Broadband fixed subscriptions


Mongolia - Military 1992
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Military expenditures
Percent of gdp: exchange rate conversion - $22.8 million of GDP (1992 budget)

Military and security forces

Military service age and obligation

Space program

Terrorist groups


Mongolia - Transportation 1992
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National air transport system

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

Airports:
81 total, 31 usable; 11 with permanent-surface runways; fewer than 5
with runways over 3,659 m; fewer than 20
with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 12
with runways 1,220-2,439 m


Heliports

Pipelines

Railways

Roadways

Waterways: 397 km of principal routes (1988)
Civil air: 25 major transport aircraft

Merchant marine

Ports and terminals


Mongolia - Transnational issues 1992
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Disputes international

Refugees and internally displaced persons

Illicit drugs


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