Statistical information Serbia and Montenegro 1992
Serbia and Montenegro in the World
Serbia and Montenegro - Introduction 1992
top of pageBackground: Serbia and Montenegro have asserted the formation of a joint independent state, but this entity has not been formally recognized as a state by various countries including the U.S.; the U.S. view is that the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) has dissolved and that none of the successor republics represents its continuation. Recently the Kosovo region has seen disturbances by groups demanding its independence.
Serbia and Montenegro - Geography 1992
top of pageLocation
Geographic coordinates
Map reference
Area
Total: 102,350 km²
Land: 102,136 km²: note - Serbia has a total area and a land area of 88,412 km² while Montenegro has a total area of 13,938 km² and a land area of 13,724 km²
Comparative:
slightly larger than Kentucky; note - Serbia is slightly larger than Maine while Montenegro is slightly larger than
Connecticut
Connecticut
Land boundaries: 2,234 km total; Albania 287 km (114 km with Serbia, 173 km with Montenegro), Bosnia and Hercegovina 527 km (312 km with Serbia, 215 km with Montenegro), Bulgaria 318 km, Croatia (north) 239 km, Croatia (south) 15 km, Hungary 151 km, Macedonia 221 km, Romania 476 km; note - the internal boundary between Montenegro and Serbia is 211 km
Coastline: 199 km; Montenegro 199 km, Serbia 0 km
Maritime claims: none - landlocked
Contiguous zone: NA nm
Continental shelf: NA meter depth
Exclusive fishing zone: NA nm
Exclusive economic zone: NA nm
Territorial sea: 12 nm
Disputes:
Sandzak region bordering northern Montenegro and southeastern
Serbia - Muslims seeking autonomy; Vojvodina taken from Hungary and awarded to the former Yugoslavia (Serbia) by Treaty of Trianon in 1920; disputes with Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia over Serbian populated areas;
Albanian minority in Kosovo seeks independence from Serbian Republic
Serbia - Muslims seeking autonomy; Vojvodina taken from Hungary and awarded to the former Yugoslavia (Serbia) by Treaty of Trianon in 1920; disputes with Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia over Serbian populated areas;
Albanian minority in Kosovo seeks independence from Serbian Republic
Climate:
in the north, continental climate - cold winter and hot, humid summers with well distributed rainfall; central portion, continental and
Mediterranean climate; to the south, Adriatic climate along the coast, hot, dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall inland
Mediterranean climate; to the south, Adriatic climate along the coast, hot, dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall inland
Terrain: extremely varied; to the north, rich fertile plains; to the east, limestone ranges and basins; to the southeast, ancient mountain and hills; to the southwest, extremely high shoreline with no islands off the coast; home of largest lake in former Yugoslavia, Lake Scutari
Elevation
Natural resources: oil, gas, coal, antimony, copper, lead, zinc, nickel, gold, pyrite, chrome
Land use
Land use: arable land: 30%; permanent crops: 5%; meadows and pastures 20%; forest and woodland 25%; other 20%; includes irrigated 5%
Irrigated land
Major rivers
Major watersheds area km²
Total water withdrawal
Total renewable water resources
Natural hazards
Geography
Serbia and Montenegro - People 1992
top of pagePopulation: 10,642,000 (July 1992), growth rate NA% (1991)
Nationality: noun - Serbian(s) and Montenegrin(s; adjective - Serbian and Montenegrin
Ethnic groups: Serbs 63%, Albanians 14%, Montenegrins 6%, Hungarians 4%
Languages: Serbo-Croatian 100%
Religions: Orthodox 65%, Muslim 19%, Roman Catholic 4%, Protestant 1%, other 11%
Demographic profile
Age structure
Age structure
Dependency ratios
Median age
Population growth rate
Birth rate: NA births/1000 population (1992)
Death rate: NA deaths/1000 population (1992)
Net migration rate: NA migrants/1000 population (1992)
Population distribution
Urbanization
Major urban areas
Environment
Current issues: coastal water pollution from sewage outlets, especially in tourist related areas such as Kotor; air pollution around Belgrade and other industrial cities; water pollution along Danube from industrial waste dump into the Sava which drains into the Danube; subject to destructive earthquakes
Current issues note:
controls one of the major land routes from Western Europe to
Turkey and the Near East; strategic location along the Adriatic coast
Turkey and the Near East; strategic location along the Adriatic coast
Air pollutants
Sex ratio
Mothers mean age at first birth
Maternal mortality ratio
Infant mortality rate: NA deaths/1000 live births (1992)
Life expectancy at birth: Serbia - 70.11 years male, 75.21 years female (1992; Montenegro - 76.33 years male, 82.27 years female (1992)
Total fertility rate: NA children born/woman (1992)
Contraceptive prevalence rate
Drinking water source
Current health expenditure
Physicians density
Hospital bed density
Sanitation facility access
Hiv/Aids
Major infectious diseases
Obesity adult prevalence rate
Alcohol consumption
Tobacco use
Children under the age of 5 years underweight
Education expenditures
Literacy: 89% (male 95%, female 83%) age 10 and over can read and write (1991 est.)
School life expectancy primary to tertiary education
Youth unemployment
Serbia and Montenegro - Government 1992
top of pageCountry name
Conventional long form: none
Government type: republic
Capital: Belgrade
Administrative divisions: 2 provinces (pokajine, singular - pokajina; and 2 automous provinces*; Kosovo*, Montenegro, Serbia, Vojvodina*
Dependent areas
Independence: NA April 1992
National holiday: NA
Constitution: NA April 1992
Legal system: based on civil law system
International law organization participation
Citizenship
Suffrage: at age 16 if employed, universal at age 18
President: NA
Parliament:
last held 4 June 1992 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (138 total) former Community Party 73,
Radical Party 33, other 32
Radical Party 33, other 32
Communists: NA
Executive branch: president, vice president, prime minister, deputy prime minister
Legislative branch: Parliament
Judicial branch: NA
Political parties and leaders
International organization participation: CSCE, UN
Diplomatic representation:
none; US does not recognize Serbia and
Montenegro
Montenegro
Diplomatic representation
Flag description
: NANational symbols
National anthem
National heritage
Serbia and Montenegro - Economy 1992
top of pageEconomy overview:
The swift collapse of the Yugoslav federation has been accompanied by bloody ethnic warfare, the destabilization of republic boundaries, and the breakup of important interrepublic trade flows. The situation in Serbia and Montenegro remains fluid in view of the extensive political and military strife. This new state faces major economic problems.
First, like the other former Yugoslav republics, Serbia and Montenegro depended on their sister republics for large amounts of foodstuffs, energy supplies, and manufactures. Wide varieties in climate, mineral resources, and levels of technology among the six republics accentuated this interdependence, as did the Communist practice of concentrating much industrial output in a small number of giant plants. The breakup of many of the trade links, the sharp drop in output as industrial plants lost suppliers and markets, and the destruction of physical assets in the fighting all have contributed to the economic difficulties of the republics.
One singular factor in the economic situation of Serbia and Montenegro is the continuation in office of a Communist government that is primarily interested in political and military mastery, not economic reform. A further complication is the major economic sanctions by the leading industrial nations.
First, like the other former Yugoslav republics, Serbia and Montenegro depended on their sister republics for large amounts of foodstuffs, energy supplies, and manufactures. Wide varieties in climate, mineral resources, and levels of technology among the six republics accentuated this interdependence, as did the Communist practice of concentrating much industrial output in a small number of giant plants. The breakup of many of the trade links, the sharp drop in output as industrial plants lost suppliers and markets, and the destruction of physical assets in the fighting all have contributed to the economic difficulties of the republics.
One singular factor in the economic situation of Serbia and Montenegro is the continuation in office of a Communist government that is primarily interested in political and military mastery, not economic reform. A further complication is the major economic sanctions by the leading industrial nations.
GDP: exchange rate conversion - $44 billion, per capita $4,200; real growth rate NA% (1990)
Real gdp purchasing power parity
Real gdp growth rate
Real gdp per capita
Gross national saving
Gdp composition by sector of origin
Gdp composition by end use
Gdp composition by sector of origin
Agriculture products: the fertile plains of Vojvodina produce 80% of the cereal production of the former Yugoslavia and most of the cotton, oilseeds, and chicory; Vojvodina also produces fodder crops to support intensive beef and dairy production; Serbia proper, although hilly, has a well-distributed rainfall and a long growing season; produces fruit, grapes, and cereals; in this area, livestock production (sheep and cattle) and dairy farming prosper; Kosovo province produces fruits, vegetables, tobacco, and a small amount of cereals; the mountainous pastures of Kosovo and Montenegro support sheep and goat husbandry; Montenegro has only a small agriculture sector, mostly near the coast where a Mediterranean climate permits the culture of olives, citrus, grapes, and rice
Industries: machine building (aircraft, trucks, and automobiles; armored vehicles and weapons; electrical equipment; agricultural machinery), metallurgy (steel, aluminum, copper, lead, zinc, chromium, antimony, bismuth, cadmium), mining (coal, bauxite, nonferrous ore, iron ore, limestone), consumer goods (textiles, footwear, foodstuffs, appliances), electronics, petroleum products, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals
Industrial production growth rate: growth rate -20% or greater (1991 est.)
Labor force: 2,640,909; industry, mining 40%, agriculture 5% (1990)
Organized labor: NA
Labor force
Unemployment rate: 25-40%
Youth unemployment
Population below poverty line
Gini index
Household income or consumption by percentage share
Distribution of family income gini index
Budget: NA
Taxes and other revenues
Public debt
Revenue
Fiscal year: calendar year
Inflation rate consumer prices
Central bank discount rate
Commercial bank prime lending rate
Stock of narrow money
Stock of broad money
Stock of domestic credit
Market value of publicly traded shares
Current account balance
Exports: $4.4 billion (f.o.b., 1990)
Commodoties: machinery and transport equipment 29%, manufactured goods 28.5%, miscellaneous manufactured articles 13.5%, chemicals 11%, food and live animals 9%, raw materials 6%, fuels and lubricants 2%, beverages and tobacco 1%
Partners:
principally the other former Yugoslav republics; Italy,
Germany, other EC, the former USSR, East European countries, US
Germany, other EC, the former USSR, East European countries, US
Imports: $6.4 billion (c.i.f., 1990)
Commodoties: machinery and transport equipment 26%, fuels and lubricants 18%, manufactured goods 16%, chemicals 12.5%, food and live animals 11%, miscellaneous manufactured items 8%, raw materials, including coking coal for the steel industry, 7%, beverages, tobacco, and edible oils 1.5%
Partners:
principally the other former Yugoslav republics; the former
USSR, EC countries (mainly Italy and Germany), East European countries, US
USSR, EC countries (mainly Italy and Germany), East European countries, US
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
Debt external
Stock of direct foreign investment at home
Stock of direct foreign investment abroad
Exchange rates: Yugoslav New Dinars (YD) per US $1 - 28.230 (December 1991), 15.162 (1990), 15.528 (1989), 0.701 (1988), 0.176 (1987)
Serbia and Montenegro - Energy 1992
top of pageElectricity
Production: 8,633,000 kW capacity; 34,600 million kWh produced, 3,496 kWh per capita (1991)
Coal
Petroleum
Crude oil
Refined petroleum
Natural gas
Carbon dioxide emissions
Energy consumption per capita
Serbia and Montenegro - Communication 1992
top of pageTelephones
Telephone system
Broadcast media
Internet
Broadband fixed subscriptions
Serbia and Montenegro - Military 1992
top of pageMilitary expenditures
Percent of gdp: $NA, NA% of GDP
Military and security forces
Military service age and obligation
Space program
Terrorist groups
Serbia and Montenegro - Transportation 1992
top of pageNational air transport system
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
Airports: NA
Heliports
Pipelines: crude oil 415 km, petroleum products 130 km, natural gas 2,110 km
Railways
Roadways
Waterways: NA km
Merchant marine:
43 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 866,915
GRT/1,449,094 DWT; includes 19 cargo, 5 container, 16 bulk carriers, 2 combination/ore carrier and 1 passenger ship, under Serbian and Montenegrin flag; note - Montenegro also operates 3 bulk carriers under the flags of
Panama and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
GRT/1,449,094 DWT; includes 19 cargo, 5 container, 16 bulk carriers, 2 combination/ore carrier and 1 passenger ship, under Serbian and Montenegrin flag; note - Montenegro also operates 3 bulk carriers under the flags of
Panama and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Civil air: NA
Ports and terminals
Serbia and Montenegro - Transnational issues 1992
top of pageDisputes international
Refugees and internally displaced persons
Illicit drugs: NA