Statistical information Sudan 1992
Sudan in the World
Sudan - Introduction 1992
top of pageBackground: Military dictatorships promulgating an Islamic government have mostly run the country since independence from the UK in 1956. Over the past two decades a civil war pitting black Christians and animists in the south against the Arab-Muslims of the north has cost at least 1.5 million lives in war and famine-related deaths as well as the displacement of millions of others.
Sudan - Geography 1992
top of pageLocation
Geographic coordinates
Map reference
Area
Total: 2,505,810 km²
Land: 2,376,000 km²
Comparative: slightly more than one-quarter the size of the US
Land boundaries:
7,697 km total; Central African Republic 1,165 km, Chad 1,360 km, Egypt 1,273 km, Ethiopia 2,221 km, Kenya 232 km, Libya 383 km,
Uganda 435 km, Zaire 628 km
Uganda 435 km, Zaire 628 km
Coastline: 853 km
Maritime claims
Contiguous zone: 18 nm
Continental shelf: 200 m (depth) or to depth of exploitation
Territorial sea: 12 nm
Disputes: administrative boundary with Kenya does not coincide with international boundary; administrative boundary with Egypt does not coincide with international boundary
Climate:
tropical in south; arid desert in north; rainy season (April to
October)
October)
Terrain: generally flat, featureless plain; mountains in east and west
Elevation
Natural resources: small reserves of crude oil, iron ore, copper, chromium ore, zinc, tungsten, mica, silver, crude oil
Land use
Land use: arable land: 5%; permanent crops: NEGL%; meadows and pastures 24%; forest and woodland 20%; other 51%; includes irrigated 1%
Irrigated land
Major rivers
Major watersheds area km²
Total water withdrawal
Total renewable water resources
Natural hazards
Geography
Sudan - People 1992
top of pagePopulation: 28,305,046 (July 1992), growth rate 3.1% (1992)
Nationality: noun - Sudanese (singular and plural; adjective - Sudanese
Ethnic groups: black 52%, Arab 39%, Beja 6%, foreigners 2%, other 1%
Languages:
Arabic (official), Nubian, Ta Bedawie, diverse dialects of
Nilotic, Nilo-Hamitic, and Sudanic languages, English; program of
Arabization in process
Nilotic, Nilo-Hamitic, and Sudanic languages, English; program of
Arabization in process
Religions:
Sunni Muslim (in north) 70%, indigenous beliefs 20%,
Christian (mostly in south and Khartoum) 5%
Christian (mostly in south and Khartoum) 5%
Demographic profile
Age structure
Age structure
Dependency ratios
Median age
Population growth rate
Birth rate: 44 births/1000 population (1992)
Death rate: 13 deaths/1000 population (1992)
Net migration rate: NEGL migrants/1000 population (1992)
Population distribution
Urbanization
Major urban areas
Environment
Current issues: dominated by the Nile and its tributaries; dust storms; desertification
Current issues note: largest country in Africa
Air pollutants
Sex ratio
Mothers mean age at first birth
Maternal mortality ratio
Infant mortality rate: 83 deaths/1000 live births (1992)
Life expectancy at birth: 53 years male, 54 years female (1992)
Total fertility rate: 6.3 children born/woman (1992)
Contraceptive prevalence rate
Drinking water source
Current health expenditure
Physicians density
Hospital bed density
Sanitation facility access
Hiv/Aids
Major infectious diseases
Obesity adult prevalence rate
Alcohol consumption
Tobacco use
Children under the age of 5 years underweight
Education expenditures
Literacy: 27% (male 43%, female 12%) age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)
School life expectancy primary to tertiary education
Youth unemployment
Sudan - Government 1992
top of pageCountry name
Conventional long form: Republic of the Sudan
Government type: military; civilian government suspended and martial law imposed after 30 June 1989 coup
Capital: Khartoum
Administrative divisions:
9 states (wilayat, singular - wilayat or wilayah*); A'ali an Nil, Al Wusta*, Al Istiwa'iyah*, Al Khartum, Ash
Shamaliyah*, Ash Sharqiyah*, Bahr al Ghazal, Darfur, Kurdufan
Shamaliyah*, Ash Sharqiyah*, Bahr al Ghazal, Darfur, Kurdufan
Dependent areas
Independence:
1 January 1956 (from Egypt and UK; formerly Anglo-Egyptian
Sudan)
Sudan)
National holiday: Independence Day, 1 January (1956)
Constitution: 12 April 1973, suspended following coup of 6 April 1985; interim constitution of 10 October 1985 suspended following coup of 30 June 1989
Legal system:
based on English common law and Islamic law; as of 20
January 1991, the Revolutionary Command Council imposed Islamic law in the six northern states of Al Wusta, Al Khartum, Ash Shamaliyah, Ash Sharqiyah,
Darfur, and Kurdufan; the council is still studying criminal provisions under Islamic law; Islamic law will apply to all residents of the six northern states regardless of their religion; some separate religious courts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
January 1991, the Revolutionary Command Council imposed Islamic law in the six northern states of Al Wusta, Al Khartum, Ash Shamaliyah, Ash Sharqiyah,
Darfur, and Kurdufan; the council is still studying criminal provisions under Islamic law; Islamic law will apply to all residents of the six northern states regardless of their religion; some separate religious courts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
International law organization participation
Citizenship
Suffrage: none
Executive branch: executive and legislative authority vested in a 12-member Revolutionary Command Council (RCC; chairman of the RCC acts as prime minister; in July 1989, RCC appointed a predominately civilian 22-member cabinet to function as advisers
Legislative branch: appointed 300-member Transitional National Assembly; note - as announced 1 January 1992 by RCC Chairman BASHIR, the Assembly assumes all legislative authority for Sudan until the eventual, unspecified resumption of national elections
Judicial branch: Supreme Court, Special Revolutionary Courts
Political parties and leaders
International organization participation:
ABEDA, ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, CAEU, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77,
IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IGADD, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT,
INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, LORCS, NAM, OAU, OIC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO,
UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IGADD, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT,
INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, LORCS, NAM, OAU, OIC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO,
UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation:
Ambassador `Abdallah Ahmad `ABDALLAH;
Chancery at 2,210 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20,008; telephone (202) 338-8,565 through 8,570; there is a Sudanese Consulate General in New
York
Chancery at 2,210 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20,008; telephone (202) 338-8,565 through 8,570; there is a Sudanese Consulate General in New
York
US:
Ambassador James R. CHEEK (will be replaced summer of 1992); Embassy at Shar'ia Ali Abdul Latif, Khartoum (mailing address is P. O. Box 699,
Khartoum, or APO AE 9,829); telephone 74,700 or 74,611; Telex 22,619
Khartoum, or APO AE 9,829); telephone 74,700 or 74,611; Telex 22,619
Diplomatic representation
Flag description
: three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black with a green isosceles triangle based on the hoist sideNational symbols
National anthem
National heritage
Sudan - Economy 1992
top of pageEconomy overview:
Sudan is buffeted by civil war, chronic political instability, adverse weather, high inflation, and counterproductive economic policies.
The economy is dominated by governmental entities that account for more than 70% of new investment. The private sector's main areas of activity are agriculture and trading, with most private industrial investment predating 1980. The economy's base is agriculture, which employs 80% of the work force. Industry mainly processes agricultural items. Sluggish economic performance over the past decade, attributable largely to declining annual rainfall, has reduced levels of per capita income and consumption. A high foreign debt and huge arrearages continue to cause difficulties. In 1990 the
International Monetary Fund took the unusual step of declaring Sudan noncooperative because of its nonpayment of arrearages to the Fund. Despite subsequent government efforts to implement reforms urged by the IMF and the
World Bank, the economy remained stagnant in FY91 as entrepreneurs lack the incentive to take economic risks.
The economy is dominated by governmental entities that account for more than 70% of new investment. The private sector's main areas of activity are agriculture and trading, with most private industrial investment predating 1980. The economy's base is agriculture, which employs 80% of the work force. Industry mainly processes agricultural items. Sluggish economic performance over the past decade, attributable largely to declining annual rainfall, has reduced levels of per capita income and consumption. A high foreign debt and huge arrearages continue to cause difficulties. In 1990 the
International Monetary Fund took the unusual step of declaring Sudan noncooperative because of its nonpayment of arrearages to the Fund. Despite subsequent government efforts to implement reforms urged by the IMF and the
World Bank, the economy remained stagnant in FY91 as entrepreneurs lack the incentive to take economic risks.
GDP: exchange rate conversion - $12.1 billion, per capita $450; real growth rate 0% (FY91 est.)
Real gdp purchasing power parity
Real gdp growth rate
Real gdp per capita
Gross national saving
Gdp composition by sector of origin
Gdp composition by end use
Gdp composition by sector of origin
Agriculture products: accounts for 35% of GDP and 80% of labor force; water shortages; two-thirds of land area suitable for raising crops and livestock; major products - cotton, oilseeds, sorghum, millet, wheat, gum arabic, sheep; marginally self-sufficient in most foods
Industries: cotton ginning, textiles, cement, edible oils, sugar, soap distilling, shoes, petroleum refining
Industrial production growth rate: growth rate NA%; accounts for 11% of GDP (FY89)
Labor force: 6,500,000; agriculture 80%, industry and commerce 10%, government 6%; labor shortages for almost all categories of skilled employment (1983 est.); 52% of population of working age (1985)
Organized labor: trade unions suspended following 30 June 1989 coup; now in process of being legalized anew
Labor force
Unemployment rate: 15% (FY91 est.)
Youth unemployment
Population below poverty line
Gini index
Household income or consumption by percentage share
Distribution of family income gini index
Budget: revenues $1.3 billion; expenditures $2.1 billion, including capital expenditures of $505 million (FY91 est.)
Taxes and other revenues
Public debt
Revenue
Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June
Inflation rate consumer prices
Central bank discount rate
Commercial bank prime lending rate
Stock of narrow money
Stock of broad money
Stock of domestic credit
Market value of publicly traded shares
Current account balance
Exports: $325 million (f.o.b., FY91 est.)
Commodoties: cotton 52%, sesame, gum arabic, peanuts
Partners: Western Europe 46%, Saudi Arabia 14%, Eastern Europe 9%, Japan 9%, US 3% (FY88)
Imports: $1.40 billion (c.i.f., FY91 est.)
Commodoties: foodstuffs, petroleum products, manufactured goods, machinery and equipment, medicines and chemicals, textiles
Partners:
Western Europe 32%, Africa and Asia 15%, US 13%, Eastern
Europe 3% (FY88)
Europe 3% (FY88)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
Debt external
Stock of direct foreign investment at home
Stock of direct foreign investment abroad
Exchange rates: official rate - Sudanese pounds (#Sd) per US$1 - 90.1 (March 1992), 5.4288 (1991), 4.5004 (fixed rate since 1987), 2.8121 (1987; note - free market rate 83 (December 1991)
Sudan - Energy 1992
top of pageElectricity
Production: 610,000 kW capacity; 905 million kWh produced, 40 kWh per capita (1991)
Coal
Petroleum
Crude oil
Refined petroleum
Natural gas
Carbon dioxide emissions
Energy consumption per capita
Sudan - Communication 1992
top of pageTelephones
Telephone system
Broadcast media
Internet
Broadband fixed subscriptions
Sudan - Military 1992
top of pageMilitary expenditures
Percent of gdp:
exchange rate conversion - $610 million, 7.2% of
GDP (1989 est.)
GDP (1989 est.)
Military and security forces
Military service age and obligation
Space program
Terrorist groups
Sudan - Transportation 1992
top of pageNational air transport system
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
Airports:
72 total, 57 usable; 8 with permanent-surface runways; none
with runways over 3,659 m; 5
with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 31
with runways 1,220-2,439 m
with runways over 3,659 m; 5
with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 31
with runways 1,220-2,439 m
Heliports
Pipelines: refined products 815 km
Railways
Roadways
Waterways: 5,310 km navigable
Merchant marine:
5 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 42,277 GRT/59,588
DWT; includes 3 cargo, 2 roll-on/roll-off cargo
DWT; includes 3 cargo, 2 roll-on/roll-off cargo
Civil air: 18 major transport aircraft
Ports and terminals
Sudan - Transnational issues 1992
top of pageDisputes international
Refugees and internally displaced persons
Illicit drugs