Map of Togo | Geography | People | Government | Economy | Energy | Communication
Military | Transportation | Transnational Issues | Year: Guide198919901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220232024 | More stats

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Background: French Togoland became Togo in 1960.


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Location

Geographic coordinates

Map reference

Area
Total: 56,790 km²
Land: 54,390 km²
Comparative: slightly smaller than West Virginia

Land boundaries: 1,647 km total; Benin 644 km, Burkina 126 km, Ghana 877 km

Coastline: 56 km

Maritime claims
Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Territorial sea: 30 nm
Disputes: none

Climate: tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north

Terrain: gently rolling savanna in north; central hills; southern plateau; low coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes

Elevation

Natural resources: phosphates, limestone, marble

Land use: arable land: 25%; permanent crops: 1%; meadows and pastures 4%; forest and woodland 28%; other 42%; includes irrigated NEGL%

Irrigated land

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal

Total renewable water resources

Natural hazards

Geography


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Population: 3,958,863 (July 1992), growth rate 3.6% (1992)

Nationality: noun - Togolese (singular and plural; adjective - Togolese

Ethnic groups: 37 tribes; largest and most important are Ewe, Mina, and Kabye; under 1% European and Syrian-Lebanese

Languages: French, both official and language of commerce; major African languages are Ewe and Mina in the south and Dagomba and Kabye in the north

Religions: indigenous beliefs about 70%, Christian 20%, Muslim 10%

Demographic profile

Age structure

Dependency ratios

Median age

Population growth rate

Birth rate: 48 births/1000 population (1992)

Death rate: 12 deaths/1000 population (1992)

Net migration rate: 0 migrants/1000 population (1992)

Population distribution

Urbanization

Major urban areas

Environment
Current issues: hot, dry harmattan wind can reduce visibility in north during winter; recent droughts affecting agriculture; deforestation

Air pollutants

Sex ratio

Mothers mean age at first birth

Maternal mortality ratio

Infant mortality rate: 94 deaths/1000 live births (1992)

Life expectancy at birth: 54 years male, 58 years female (1992)

Total fertility rate: 7.0 children born/woman (1992)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

Drinking water source

Current health expenditure

Physicians density

Hospital bed density

Sanitation facility access

Hiv/Aids

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate

Alcohol consumption

Tobacco use

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

Education expenditures

Literacy: 43% (male 56%, female 31%) age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education

Youth unemployment


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Country name
Conventional long form: Republic of Togo

Government type: republic; under transition to multiparty democratic rule

Capital: Lome

Administrative divisions:

Dependent areas

Independence: 27 April 1960 (from UN trusteeship under French administration, formerly French Togo)

National holiday: Independence Day 27 April (1960)

Constitution: 1980 constitution nullified during national reform conference; transition constitution adopted 24 August 1991; multiparty draft constitution sent to High Council of the Republic for approval in November 1991, scheduled to be put to public referendum in NA 1992

Legal system: French-based court system

International law organization participation

Citizenship

Suffrage: universal adult at age NA
President: last held 21 December 1986 (next to be held NA 1992); results - Gen. EYADEMA was reelected without opposition
National Assembly: last held 4 March 1990; dissolved during national reform conference (next to be held April/May 1992); results - RPT was the only party; seats - (77 total) RPT 77

Executive branch: president, prime minister, Council of Ministers (cabinet)

Legislative branch: National Assembly dissolved during national reform conference; 79-member interim High Council for the Republic (HCR) formed to act as legislature during transition to multiparty democracy; legislative elections scheduled to be held in NA

Judicial branch:

Political parties and leaders

International organization participation:
Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Ellom-Kodjo SCHUPPIUS; Chancery at 2,208 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20,008; telephone (202) 234-4,212 or 4,213
US:

Diplomatic representation

Flag description: five equal horizontal bands of green (top and bottom) alternating with yellow; there is a white five-pointed star on a red square in the upper hoist-side corner; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia

National symbols

National anthem

National heritage


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Economy overview: The economy is heavily dependent on subsistence agriculture, which accounts for about 35% of GDP and provides employment for 78% of the labor force. Primary agricultural exports are cocoa, coffee, and cotton, which together account for about 30% of total export earnings. Togo is self-sufficient in basic foodstuffs when harvests are normal. In the industrial sector phosphate mining is by far the most important activity, with phosphate exports accounting for about 40% of total foreign exchange earnings. Togo serves as a regional commercial and trade center. The government, over the past decade, with IMF and World Bank support, has been implementing a number of economic reform measures, that is, actively encouraging foreign investment and attempting to bring revenues in line with expenditures. Political unrest throughout 1991, however, has jeopardized the reform program and has disrupted vital economic activity.
GDP: exchange rate conversion - $1.5 billion, per capita $400; real growth rate 2% (1990 est.)

Real gdp purchasing power parity

Real gdp growth rate

Real gdp per capita

Gross national saving

Gdp composition by end use

Gdp composition by sector of origin

Agriculture products: cash crops - coffee, cocoa, cotton; food crops - yams, cassava, corn, beans, rice, millet, sorghum; livestock production not significant; annual fish catch, 10,000-14,000 tons

Industries: phosphate mining, agricultural processing, cement, handicrafts, textiles, beverages

Industrial production growth rate: growth rate 4.9% (1987 est.), 6% of GDP

Labor force: NA; agriculture 78%, industry 22%; about 88,600 wage earners, evenly divided between public and private sectors; 50% of population of working age (1985)
Organized labor:

Unemployment rate: 2.0% (1987)

Youth unemployment

Population below poverty line

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget: revenues $330 million; expenditures $363 million, including capital expenditures of $101 million (1990 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

Public debt

Revenue

Fiscal year: calendar year

Inflation rate consumer prices

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares

Current account balance

Exports: $396 million (f.o.b., 1990)
Commodoties: phosphates, cocoa, coffee, cotton, manufactures, palm kernels
Partners: EC 70%, Africa 9%, US 2%, other 19% (1985)

Imports: $502 million (f.o.b., 1990)
Commodoties: food, fuels, durable consumer goods, other intermediate goods, capital goods
Partners: EC 61%, US 6%, Africa 4%, Japan 4%, other 25% (1989)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

Debt external

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates: Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 281.99 (March 1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990), 319.01 (1989), 297.85 (1988), 300.54 (1987)


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Electricity
Production: 179,000 kW capacity; 209 million kWh produced, 60 kWh per capita (1990)

Coal

Petroleum

Crude oil

Refined petroleum

Natural gas

Carbon dioxide emissions

Energy consumption per capita


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Telephones

Telephone system

Broadcast media

Internet

Broadband fixed subscriptions


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Military expenditures
Percent of gdp: exchange rate conversion - $43 million, about 3% of GDP (1989)

Military and security forces

Military service age and obligation

Space program

Terrorist groups


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National air transport system

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

Airports:

Heliports

Pipelines

Railways

Roadways

Waterways: 50 km Mono River

Merchant marine:
Civil air: 3 major transport aircraft

Ports and terminals


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Disputes international

Refugees and internally displaced persons

Illicit drugs