Statistical information Turkey 1992

Turkey in the World
top of pageBackground: the Ottoman Empire. Soon thereafter the country instituted secular laws to replace
top of pageLocationGeographic coordinatesMap referenceAreaTotal: 780,580 km²
Land: 770,760 km²
Comparative: slightly larger than Texas
Land boundaries:
2,627 km total; Armenia 268 km, Azerbaijan 9 km,
Bulgaria 240 km, Georgia 252 km, Greece 206 km, Iran 499 km, Iraq 331 km,
Syria 822 km
Coastline: 7,200 km
Maritime claimsExclusive economic zone: in Black Sea only - to the maritime boundary agreed upon with the former USSR
Territorial sea:6 nm in the Aegean Sea, 12 nm in Black Sea and
Mediterranean Sea
Disputes:complex maritime and air (but not territorial) disputes with
Greece in Aegean Sea; Cyprus question; Hatay question with Syria; ongoing dispute with downstream riparians (Syria and Iraq) over water development plans for the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
Climate: temperate; hot, dry summers with mild, wet winters; harsher in interior
Terrain: mostly mountains; narrow coastal plain; high central plateau (Anatolia)
ElevationNatural resources: antimony, coal, chromium, mercury, copper, borate, sulphur, iron ore
Land use: arable land: 30%; permanent crops: 4%; meadows and pastures 12%; forest and woodland 26%; other 28%; includes irrigated 3%
Irrigated landMajor riversMajor watersheds area km²Total water withdrawalTotal renewable water resourcesNatural hazardsGeographytop of pagePopulation: 59,640,143 (July 1992), growth rate 2.1% (1992)
Nationality: noun - Turk(s; adjective - Turkish
Ethnic groups: Turkish 80%, Kurdish 17%, other 3% (est.)
Languages: Turkish (official), Kurdish, Arabic
Religions: Muslim (mostly Sunni) 99.8%, other (Christian and Jews) 0.2%
Demographic profileAge structureDependency ratiosMedian agePopulation growth rateBirth rate: 27 births/1000 populatition (1992)
Death rate: 6 deaths/1000 population (1992)
Net migration rate: 0 migrants/1000 population (1992)
Population distributionUrbanizationMajor urban areasEnvironmentCurrent issues: subject to severe earthquakes, especially along major river valleys in west; air pollution; desertification
Current issues note: strategic location controlling the Turkish straits (Bosporus, Sea of Marmara, Dardanelles) that link Black and Aegean Seas
Air pollutantsSex ratioMothers mean age at first birthMaternal mortality ratioInfant mortality rate: 55 deaths/1000 live births (1992)
Life expectancy at birth: 68 years male, 72 years female (1992)
Total fertility rate: 3.4 children born/woman (1992)
Contraceptive prevalence rateDrinking water sourceCurrent health expenditurePhysicians densityHospital bed densitySanitation facility accessHiv/AidsMajor infectious diseasesObesity adult prevalence rateAlcohol consumptionTobacco useChildren under the age of 5 years underweightEducation expendituresLiteracy: 81% (male 90%, female 71%) age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)
School life expectancy primary to tertiary educationYouth unemploymenttop of pageCountry nameConventional long form: Republic of Turkey
Government type: republican parliamentary democracy
Capital: Ankara
Administrative divisions:
73 provinces (iller, singular - il); Adana,
Adiyaman, Afyon, Agri, Aksaray, Amasya, Ankara, Antalya, Artvin, Aydin,
Balikesir, Batman, Bayburt, Bilecik, Bingol, Bitlis, Bolu, Burdur, Bursa,
Canakkale, Cankiri, Corum, Denizli, Diyarbakir, Edirne, Elazig, Erzincan,
Erzurum, Eskisehir, Gaziantep, Giresun, Gumushane, Hakkari, Hatay, Icel,
Isparta, Istanbul, Izmir, Kahraman Maras, Karaman, Kars, Kastamonu, Kayseri,
Kirikkale, Kirklareli, Kirsehir, Kocaeli, Konya, Kutahya, Malatya, Manisa,
Mardin, Mugla, Mus, Nevsehir, Nigde, Ordu, Rize, Sakarya, Samsun, Siirt,
Sinop, Sirnak, Sivas, Tekirdag, Tokat, Trabzon, Tunceli, Urfa, Usak, Van,
Yozgat, Zonguldak
Dependent areasIndependence: 29 October 1923 (successor state to the Ottoman Empire)
National holiday:
Anniversary of the Declaration of the Republic, 29
October (1923)
Constitution: 7 November 1982
Legal system: derived from various continental legal systems; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
International law organization participationCitizenshipSuffrage: universal at age 21
Grand National Assembly:last held 20 October 1991 (next to be held NA
October 1996); results - DYP 27.03%, ANAP 24.01%, SHP 20.75%, RP 16.88%, DSP 10.75%, SBP 0.44%, independent 0.14%; seats - (450 total) DYP 178, ANAP 115,
SHP 86, RP 40, MCP 19, DSP 7, other 5
Executive branch: president, Presidential Council, prime minister, deputy prime minister, Cabinet
Legislative branch:
unicameral Grand National Assembly (Buyuk Millet
Meclisi)
Judicial branch: Court of Cassation
Political parties and leadersInternational organization participation:
AsDB, BIS, CCC, CE, CERN (observer), COCOM, CSCE, EBRD, ECE,
FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, IDA, IDB, IEA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF,
IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, LORCS, NATO, NEA,
OECD, OIC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIIMOG, UNRWA, UPU, WHO,
WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation:Ambassador Nuzhet KANDEMIR; Chancery at 1606 23rd Street NW, Washington, DC; 20,008; telephone (202) 387-3,200; there are
Turkish Consulates General in Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, and New York
US:Ambassador Richard C. BARKLEY; Embassy at 110 Ataturk Boulevard,
Ankara (mailing address is PSC 88, Box 5,000, Ankara, or APO AE 9,823); telephone 90 (4) 126 54 70; FAX 90 (4) 167-0057; there are US Consulates
General in Istanbul and Izmir, and a Consulate in Adana
Diplomatic representationFlag description
: red with a vertical white crescent (the closed portion is toward the hoist side) and white five-pointed star centered just outside the crescent opening
National symbolsNational anthemNational heritagetop of pageEconomy overview:
The impressive stream of benefits from the economic reforms that Turkey launched in 1980 have begun to peter out. Although real growth in per capita GDP averaged 5% annually between 1983 and 1988, recent economic performance has fallen substantially. Moreover, inflation and interest rates remain high, and a large budget deficit will continue to provide difficulties for a country undergoing a substantial transformation from a centrally controlled to a free market economy. Agriculture remains an important economic sector, employing about half of the work force, accounting for 18% of GDP, and contributing 19% to exports. The government has launched a multibillion-dollar development program in the southeastern region, which includes the building of a dozen dams on the Tigris and
Euphrates Rivers to generate electric power and irrigate large tracts of farmland. The planned tapping of huge additional quantities of Euphrates water has raised serious concern in the downstream riparian nations of Syria and Iraq. The Turkish economy emerged from the Gulf War of early 1991 in stronger shape than Ankara had expected. Although the negative effects of the crisis were felt primarily in the politically sensitive southeast, aid pledges by the coalition allies of more than $4 billion have helped offset the burden.
GDP: purchasing power equivalent - $198 billion, per capita $3,400; real growth rate 1.5% (1991 est.)
Real gdp purchasing power parityReal gdp growth rateReal gdp per capitaGross national savingGdp composition by sector of origin
Gdp composition by end useGdp composition by sector of originAgriculture products: accounts for 18% of GDP and employs about half of working force; products - tobacco, cotton, grain, olives, sugar beets, pulses, citrus fruit, variety of animal products; self-sufficient in food most years
Industries: textiles, food processing, mining (coal, chromite, copper, boron minerals), steel, petroleum, construction, lumber, paper
Industrial production growth rate:
growth rate 10% (1990 est.); accounts for 29% of
GDP
Labor force: 20,700,000; agriculture 49%, services 30%, industry 15%; about 1,500,000 Turks work abroad (1989)
Organized labor: 10% of labor force
Unemployment rate: 11.1% (1991 est.)
Youth unemploymentPopulation below poverty lineGini indexHousehold income or consumption by percentage shareDistribution of family income gini indexBudget: revenues $41.9 billion; expenditures $49.7 billion, including capital expenditures of $9.9 billion (1992)
Taxes and other revenuesPublic debtRevenueFiscal year: calendar year
Inflation rate consumer pricesCentral bank discount rateCommercial bank prime lending rateStock of narrow moneyStock of broad moneyStock of domestic creditMarket value of publicly traded sharesCurrent account balanceExports: $13.0 billion (f.o.b., 1990)
Commodoties: industrial products (steel, chemicals) 81%; fruits, vegetables, tobacco and meat products 19%
Partners: EC countries 49%, US 7%, Iran 5%
Imports: $22.3 billion (c.i.f., 1990)
Commodoties: crude oil, machinery, transport equipment, metals, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, dyes, plastics, rubber, fertilizers, grain
Partners: EC countries 49%, US 7%, Iran 5%
Reserves of foreign exchange and goldDebt externalStock of direct foreign investment at homeStock of direct foreign investment abroadExchange rates: Turkish liras (TL) per US$1 - 6,098.4 (March 1992), 4,171.8 (1991), 2,608.6 (1990), 2,121.7 (1989), 1,422.3 (1988), 857.2 (1987)
top of pageElectricityProduction: 14,400,000 kW capacity; 44,000 million kWh produced, 750 kWh per capita (1991)
CoalPetroleumCrude oilRefined petroleumNatural gasCarbon dioxide emissionsEnergy consumption per capitatop of pageTelephonesTelephone systemBroadcast mediaInternetBroadband fixed subscriptionstop of pageMilitary expendituresPercent of gdp:exchange rate conversion - $5.2 billion, 3-4% of
GDP (1992 budget)
Military and security forcesMilitary service age and obligationSpace programTerrorist groupstop of pageNational air transport systemCivil aircraft registration country code prefixAirports:
109 total, 104 usable; 65 with permanent-surface runways; 3
with runways over 3,659 m; 30
with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 27
with runways 1,220-2,439 m
HeliportsPipelines: crude oil 1,738 km, petroleum products 2,321 km, natural gas 708 km
RailwaysRoadwaysWaterways: about 1,200 km
Merchant marine:
353 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,056,455
GRT/7,143,096 DWT; includes 7 short-sea passenger, 1 passenger-cargo, 191 cargo, 1 container, 5 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 3 refrigerated cargo, 1 livestock carrier, 37 petroleum tanker, 9 chemical tanker, 3 liquefied gas, 10 combination ore/oil, 1 specialized tanker, 80 bulk, 4 combination bulk
Civil air: 52 major transport aircraft (1991)
Ports and terminalsTurkey - Transnational issues 1992
top of pageDisputes internationalRefugees and internally displaced personsIllicit drugs: one of the world's major suppliers of licit opiate products; government maintains strict controls over areas of opium poppy cultivation and output of poppy straw concentrate