Map of Burundi | Geography | People | Government | Economy | Energy | Communication
Military | Transportation | Transnational Issues | Year: Guide19891990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005200620072008200920102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120222023 | More stats

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Background: in a number of waves since October 1993, hundreds of thousands of refugees have fled the ethnic violence between the Hutu and Tutsi factions in Burundi and crossed into Rwanda, Tanzania, and Zaire.


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Location: Central Africa, between Tanzania and Zaire

Geographic coordinates

Map reference: Africa, Standard Time Zones of the World

Area
Total: 27,830 km²
Land: 25,650 km²

Land boundaries: total 974 km, Rwanda 290 km, Tanzania 451 km, Zaire 233 km

Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)

Maritime claims: none; landlocked

Climate: temperate; warm; occasional frost in uplands

Terrain

Elevation

Natural resources: nickel, uranium, rare earth oxide, peat, cobalt, copper, platinum (not yet exploited), vanadium

Land use
Arable land: 43%
Permanent crops: 8%
Meadows and pastures: 35%
Forest and woodland: 2%
Other: 12%

Irrigated land: 720 km² (1989 est.)

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal

Total renewable water resources

Natural hazards

Geography


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Population: 5,985,308 (July 1993 est.)
Growth rate: 2.34% (1993 est.)

Nationality
Noun: Burundian(s)
Adjective: Burundi
Africans: Hutu (Bantu) 85%, Tutsi (Hamitic) 14%, Twa (Pygmy) 1% (other
Africans include about 70000 refugees mostly Rwandans and Zairians nonAfricans: Europeans 3,000, South Asians 2,000

Ethnic groups

Languages

Religions:

Demographic profile

Age structure

Dependency ratios

Median age

Population growth rate: 2.34% (1993 est.)

Birth rate: 44.69 births/1000 population (1993 est.)

Death rate: 21.25 deaths/1000 population (1993 est.)

Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1000 population (1993 est.)

Population distribution

Urbanization

Major urban areas

Environment
Current issues: soil exhaustion; soil erosion; deforestation
Current issues note: landlocked; straddles crest of the Nile-Congo watershed

Air pollutants

Sex ratio

Mothers mean age at first birth

Maternal mortality ratio

Infant mortality rate: 115.6 deaths/1000 live births (1993 est.)

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 40.75 years
Male: 38.79 years
Female: 42.76 years (1993 est.)

Total fertility rate: 6.76 children born/woman (1993 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

Drinking water source

Current health expenditure

Physicians density

Hospital bed density

Sanitation facility access

Hiv/Aids

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate

Alcohol consumption

Tobacco use

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

Education expenditures

Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990)
Total population: 50%
Male: 61%
Female: 40%

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education

Youth unemployment


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Country name
Conventional long form: Republic of Burundi
Conventional short form: Burundi
Local long form: Republika y'u Burundi
Local short form: Burundi

Government type: republic

Capital: Bujumbura

Administrative divisions:

Dependent areas

Independence: 1 July 1962 (from UN trusteeship under Belgian administration)

National holiday: Independence Day, 1 July (1962)

Constitution: 13 March 1992 draft provides for establishment of plural political system

Legal system: based on German and Belgian civil codes and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

International law organization participation

Citizenship

Suffrage: universal adult at age NA

Executive branch: president; chairman of the Central Committee of the National Party of Unity and Progress (UPRONA), prime minister

Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly (Assemblee Nationale) was dissolved following the coup of 3 September 1987; at an extraordinary party congress held from 27 to 29 December 1990, the Central Committee of the National Party of Unity and Progress (UPRONA) replaced the Military Committee for National Salvation, and became the supreme governing body during the transition to constitutional government

Judicial branch: Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)

Political parties and leaders

International organization participation:

Diplomatic representation
In the us chief of mission: Ambassador Julien KAVAKURE
In the us chancery: Suite 212, 2,233 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20,007
In the us telephone: (202) 342-2,574
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador Cynthia Shepherd PERRY
From the us embassy: Avenue des Etats-Unis, Bujumbura
From the us mailing address: B. P. 1720, Bujumbura
From the us telephone: 257 (223) 454
From the us fax: 257 (222) 926

Flag description: divided by a white diagonal cross into red panels (top and bottom) and green panels (hoist side and outer side) with a white disk superimposed at

National symbols

National anthem

National heritage


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Economy overview: A landlocked, resource-poor country in an early stage of economic development, Burundi is predominately agricultural with only a few basic industries. Its economic health depends on the coffee crop, which accounts for an average 90% of foreign exchange earnings each year. The ability to pay for imports therefore continues to rest largely on the vagaries of the climate and the international coffee market. As part of its economic reform agenda, launched in February 1991 with IMF and World Bank support, Burundi is trying to diversify its agricultural exports and attract foreign investment in industry. Several state-owned coffee companies were privatized via public auction in September 1991.

Real gdp purchasing power parity

Real gdp growth rate: 5% (1991 est.)

Real gdp per capita ppp

Gross national saving

Gdp composition by end use

Gdp composition by sector of origin

Agriculture products: accounts for 60% of GDP; 90% of population dependent on subsistence farming; marginally self-sufficient in food production; cash crops - coffee, cotton, tea; food crops - corn, sorghum, sweet potatoes, bananas, manioc; livestock - meat, milk, hides and skins

Industries: light consumer goods such as blankets, shoes, soap; assembly of imports; public works construction; food processing

Industrial production growth rate: real growth rate 11.0% (1991 est.), accounts for about 5% of GDP

Labor force: 1.9 million (1983 est.)
By occupation agriculture: 93.0%
By occupation government: 4.0%
By occupation industry and commerce: 1.5%
By occupation services:

Unemployment rate: NA%

Youth unemployment

Population below poverty line

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget: revenues $318 million; expenditures $326 million, including capital expenditures of $150 million (1991 est.)

Public debt

Taxes and other revenues

Revenue

Fiscal year: calendar year

Current account balance

Inflation rate consumer prices

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares

Current account balance

Exports: $91.7 million (f.o.b., 1991)
Commodoties: coffee 81%, tea, hides, and skins
Partners: EC 83%, US 5%, Asia 2%

Imports: $246 million (c.i.f., 1991)
Commodoties: capital goods 31%, petroleum products 15%, foodstuffs, consumer goods
Partners: EC 57%, Asia 23%, US 3%

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

Debt external

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates: Burundi francs (FBu) per US$1 - 235.75 (January 1993), 208.30 (1992), 181.51 (1991), 171.26 (1990), 158.67 (1989), 140.40 (1988)


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Electricity access

Electricity production: 55,000 kW capacity; 105 million kWh produced, 20 kWh per capita (1991)

Electricity consumption

Electricity exports

Electricity imports

Electricity installed generating capacity

Electricity transmission distribution losses

Electricity generation sources

Petroleum

Refined petroleum

Natural gas

Carbon dioxide emissions

Energy consumption per capita


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Telephones fixed lines

Telephones mobile cellular

Telephone system

Broadcast media

Internet country code

Internet users

Broadband fixed subscriptions


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Military expenditures
Percent of gdp: exchange rate conversion - $28 million, 3.7% of GDP (1989)

Military and security forces

Military service age and obligation

Space program

Terrorist groups


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National air transport system

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

Airports: 5
Usable: 4
With permanentsurface runways: 1
With runways over 3659 m: 0
With runways 2440-3659 m: 1
With runways 1220-2439 m: 4

Airports with paved runways

Airports with unpaved runways

Heliports

Pipelines

Railways

Roadways

Waterways: Lake Tanganyika

Merchant marine

Ports and terminals


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Disputes international: none

Refugees and internally displaced persons

Illicit drugs