Map of Croatia | Geography | People | Government | Economy | Energy | Communication
Military | Transportation | Transnational Issues | Year: Guide19891990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005200620072008200920102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120222023 | More stats

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Background: In 1918 the Croats Serbs and Slovenes formed a kingdom known after 1929 as Yugoslavia. Following World War II Yugoslavia became an independent communist state under the strong hand of Marshal TITO. Although Croatia declared its independence from Yugoslavia in 1991 bitter fighting ensued with occupying Serb armies.


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Location:

Geographic coordinates

Map reference:

Area
Total: total: 56,538 km²

Land boundaries:

Coastline: 5,790 km (mainland 1,778 km, islands 4,012 km)
Continental shelf: 200 m depth or to depth of exploitation
Exclusive economic zone: 12 nm
Exclusive fishing zone: 12 nm
Territorial sea: 12 nm

Maritime claims

Climate: Mediterranean and continental; continental climate predominant with hot summers and cold winters; mild winters, dry summers along coast

Terrain: geographically diverse; flat plains along Hungarian border, low mountains and highlands near Adriatic coast, coastline, and islands

Elevation

Natural resources: oil, some coal, bauxite, low-grade iron ore, calcium, natural asphalt, silica, mica, clays, salt

Land use
Arable land: 32%
Permanent crops: 20%
Meadows and pastures: 18%
Forest and woodland: 15%
Other: 15%

Irrigated land: NA km²

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal

Total renewable water resources

Natural hazards

Geography


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Population: 4,694,398 (July 1993 est.)
Growth rate: 0.07% (1993 est.)

Nationality
Noun: Croat(s)
Adjective: Croatian

Ethnic groups:

Languages: Serbo-Croatian 96%, other 4%
Total population: NA%
Male: NA%
Female: NA%

Religions: Catholic 76.5%, Orthodox 11.1%, Slavic Muslim 1.2%, Protestant 1.4%, others and unknown 9.8%

Demographic profile

Age structure

Dependency ratios

Median age

Population growth rate: 0.07% (1993 est.)

Birth rate: 11.38 births/1000 population (1993 est.)

Death rate

Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1000 population (1993 est.)

Population distribution

Urbanization

Major urban areas

Environment
Current issues: air pollution from metallurgical plants; damaged forest; coastal pollution from industrial and domestic waste; subject to frequent and destructive earthquakes
Current issues note:

Air pollutants

Sex ratio

Mothers mean age at first birth

Maternal mortality ratio

Infant mortality rate: 9 deaths/1000 live births (1993 est.)

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 73.19 years
Male: 69.7 years
Female: 76.89 years (1993 est.)

Total fertility rate: 1.66 children born/woman (1993 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

Drinking water source

Current health expenditure

Physicians density

Hospital bed density

Sanitation facility access

Hiv/Aids

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate

Alcohol consumption

Tobacco use

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

Education expenditures

Literacy

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education

Youth unemployment


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Country name
Conventional long form: Republic of Croatia
Conventional short form: Croatia
Local long form: Republika Hrvatska
Local short form: Hrvatska

Government type: parliamentary democracy

Capital: Zagreb

Administrative divisions:

Dependent areas

Independence: NA June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)

National holiday: Statehood Day, 30 May (1990)

Constitution: adopted on 2 December 1991

Legal system: based on civil law system

International law organization participation

Citizenship

Suffrage: 16 years of age, if employed; 18 years of age, universal

Executive branch: president, prime minister, deputy prime ministers, cabinet

Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament consists of an upper house or House of Parishes (Zupanije Dom) and a lower house or Chamber of Deputies (Predstavnicke Dom)

Judicial branch: Supreme Court, Constitutional Court

Political parties and leaders

International organization participation:

Diplomatic representation
In the us chief of mission: Ambassador Peter A. SARCEVIC
In the us chancery: 2,356 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20,036
In the us telephone: (202) 543-5,586
From the us chief of mission: (vacant)
From the us embassy: Andrije Hebranga 2, Zagreb
From the us mailing address: AMEMB Unit 25,402, APO AE 9,213-5,080
From the us telephone: 38 (41) 444-800
From the us fax: 38 (41) 440-235

Flag description: red, white, and blue horizontal bands with Croatian coat of arms (red and white checkered)

National symbols

National anthem

National heritage


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Economy overview: Before the dissolution of Yugoslavia, the republic of Croatia, after Slovenia, was the most prosperous and industrialized area, with a per capita output roughly comparable to that of Portugal and perhaps one-third above the Yugoslav average. Croatian Serb Nationalists control approximately one third of the Croatian territory, and one of the overriding determinants of Croatia's long-term political and economic prospects will be the resolution of this territorial dispute. Croatia faces monumental problems stemming from: the legacy of longtime Communist mismanagement of the economy; large foreign debt; damage during the fighting to bridges, factories, powerlines, buildings, and houses; the large refugee population, both Croatian and Bosnian; and the disruption of economic ties to Serbia and the other former Yugoslav republics, as well as within its own territory. At the minimum, extensive Western aid and investment, especially in the tourist and oil industries, would seem necessary to salvage a desperate economic situation. However, peace and political stability must come first. As of June 1993, fighting continues among Croats, Serbs, and Muslims, and national boundaries and final political arrangements are still in doubt.

Real gdp purchasing power parity

Real gdp growth rate: -25% (1991 est.)

Real gdp per capita ppp

Gross national saving

Gdp composition by end use

Gdp composition by sector of origin

Agriculture products: Croatia normally produces a food surplus; most agricultural land in private hands and concentrated in Croat-majority districts in Slavonia and Istria; much of Slavonia's land has been put out of production by fighting; wheat, corn, sugar beets, sunflowers, alfalfa, and clover are main crops in Slavonia; central Croatian highlands are less fertile but support cereal production, orchards, vineyards, livestock breeding, and dairy farming; coastal areas and offshore islands grow olives, citrus fruits, and vegetables

Industries: chemicals and plastics, machine tools, fabricated metal, electronics, pig iron and rolled steel products, aluminum reduction, paper, wood products (including furniture), building materials (including cement), textiles, shipbuilding, petroleum and petroleum refining, food processing and beverages

Industrial production growth rate: growth rate -29% (1991 est.)

Labor force: 1,509,489
By occupation industry and mining: 37%
By occupation agriculture: 16% (1981 est.)
By occupation government: NA%

Unemployment rate: 20% (December 1991 est.)

Youth unemployment

Population below poverty line

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget: revenues $NA; expenditures $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA

Public debt

Taxes and other revenues

Revenue

Fiscal year: calendar year

Current account balance

Inflation rate consumer prices

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares

Current account balance

Exports
Commodoties: machinery and transport equipment 30%, other manufacturers 37%, chemicals 11%, food and live animals 9%, raw materials 6.5%, fuels and lubricants 5%
Partners: principally the other former Yugoslav republics

Imports: $4.4 billion (1990)
Commodoties: machinery and transport equipment 21%, fuels and lubricants 19%, food and live animals 16%, chemicals 14%, manufactured goods 13%, miscellaneous manufactured articles 9%, raw materials 6.5%, beverages and tobacco 1%
Partners: principally other former Yugoslav republics

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

Debt external

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates: Croatian dinar per US $1 - 60.00 (April 1992)


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Electricity access

Electricity production: 3,570,000 kW capacity; 11,500 million kWh produced, 2,400 kWh per capita (1992)

Electricity consumption

Electricity exports

Electricity imports

Electricity installed generating capacity

Electricity transmission distribution losses

Electricity generation sources

Petroleum

Refined petroleum

Natural gas

Carbon dioxide emissions

Energy consumption per capita


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Telephones fixed lines

Telephones mobile cellular

Telephone system

Broadcast media

Internet country code

Internet users

Broadband fixed subscriptions


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Military expenditures
Percent of gdp: 337-393 billion Croatian dinars, NA% of GDP (1993 est.), note - conversion of defense expenditures into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results

Military and security forces

Military service age and obligation

Space program

Terrorist groups


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National air transport system

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

Airports: 75
Usable: 72
With permanentsurface runways: 15
With runways over 3659 m: 0
With runways 2440-3659 m: 10
With runways 1220-2439 m: 5

Airports with paved runways

Airports with unpaved runways

Heliports

Pipelines: crude oil 670 km, petroleum products 20 km, natural gas 310 km (1992; note - now disrupted because of territorial dispute

Railways

Roadways

Waterways: 785 km perennially navigable

Merchant marine:

Ports and terminals


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Disputes international: Serbian enclaves in eastern Croatia and along the western Bosnia and Herzegovinian border; dispute with Slovenia over fishing rights in Adriatic

Refugees and internally displaced persons

Illicit drugs