Map of Luxembourg | Geography | People | Government | Economy | Energy | Communication
Military | Transportation | Transnational Issues | Year: Guide19891990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005200620072008200920102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120222023 | More stats

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Background: Founded in 963 Luxembourg became a grand duchy in 1815 and an independent state under the Netherlands. It lost more than half of its territory to Belgium in 1839 but gained a larger measure of autonomy. Full independence was attained in 1867. Overrun by Germany in both World Wars it ended its neutrality in 1948 when it entered into the Benelux Customs Union and when it joined NATO the following year. In 1957 Luxembourg became one of the six founding countries of the European Economic Community (later the European Union).


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Location: Western Europe, between Belgium and Germany

Geographic coordinates

Map reference: Europe, Standard Time Zones of the World

Area
Total: 2,586 km²
Land: 2,586 km²

Land boundaries: total 359 km, Belgium 148 km, France 73 km, Germany 138 km

Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)

Maritime claims: none; landlocked

Climate: modified continental with mild winters, cool summers

Terrain: mostly gently rolling uplands with broad, shallow valleys; uplands to slightly mountainous in the north; steep slope down to Moselle floodplain in the southeast

Elevation

Natural resources

Land use
Arable land: 24%
Permanent crops: 1%
Meadows and pastures: 20%
Forest and woodland: 21%
Other: 34%

Irrigated land: NA km²

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal

Total renewable water resources

Natural hazards

Geography


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Population: 398,220 (July 1993 est.)
Growth rate: 1.04% (1993 est.)

Nationality
Noun: Luxembourger(s)
Adjective: Luxembourg

Ethnic groups:

Languages: Luxembourgisch, German, French, English

Religions: Roman Catholic 97%, Protestant and Jewish 3%

Demographic profile

Age structure

Dependency ratios

Median age

Population growth rate: 1.04% (1993 est.)

Birth rate: 12.96 births/1000 population (1993 est.)

Death rate: 9.56 deaths/1000 population (1993 est.)

Net migration rate: 6.97 migrant(s)/1000 population (1993 est.)

Population distribution

Urbanization

Major urban areas

Environment
Current issues: deforestation
Current issues note: landlocked

Air pollutants

Sex ratio

Mothers mean age at first birth

Maternal mortality ratio

Infant mortality rate: 6.9 deaths/1000 live births (1993 est.)

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 76.43 years
Male: 72.71 years
Female: 80.3 years (1993 est.)

Total fertility rate: 1.63 children born/woman (1993 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

Drinking water source

Current health expenditure

Physicians density

Hospital bed density

Sanitation facility access

Hiv/Aids

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate

Alcohol consumption

Tobacco use

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

Education expenditures

Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1980)
Total population: 100%
Female: 100%

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education

Youth unemployment


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Country name
Conventional long form: Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
Conventional short form: Luxembourg
Local long form: Grand-Duche de Luxembourg
Local short form: Luxembourg

Government type: constitutional monarchy

Capital: Luxembourg

Administrative divisions: 3 districts; Diekirch, Grevenmacher, Luxembourg

Dependent areas

Independence: 1839

National holiday:

Constitution: 17 October 1868, occasional revisions

Legal system: based on civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

International law organization participation

Citizenship

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal and compulsory

Executive branch: grand duke, prime minister, vice prime minister, Council of Ministers (cabinet)

Legislative branch: unicameral Chamber of Deputies (Chambre des Deputes;

Judicial branch: Superior Court of Justice (Cour Superieure de Justice)

Political parties and leaders

International organization participation:

Diplomatic representation
In the us chief of mission: Ambassador Alphonse BERNS
In the us chancery: 2,200 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20,008
In the us telephone: (202) 265-4,171
In the us fax: (202) 328-8,270
In the us consulates general: New York and San Francisco
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador Edward M. ROWELL
From the us embassy: 22 Boulevard Emmanuel-Servais, 2,535 Luxembourg City
From the us mailing address: PSC 11, APO AE 9,132-5,380
From the us telephone: 352 460,123
From the us fax: 352 461,401

Flag description: three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and light blue; similar to the flag of the Netherlands, which uses a darker blue and is shorter; design was based on the flag of France

National symbols

National anthem

National heritage


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Economy overview: The stable economy features moderate growth, low inflation, and negligible unemployment. Agriculture is based on small but highly productive family-owned farms. The industrial sector, until recently dominated by steel, has become increasingly more diversified, particularly toward high-technology firms. During the past decade, growth in the financial sector has more than compensated for the decline in steel. Services, especially banking, account for a growing proportion of the economy. Luxembourg participates in an economic union with Belgium on trade and most financial matters and is also closely connected economically to the Netherlands.

Real gdp purchasing power parity

Real gdp growth rate

Real gdp per capita ppp

Gross national saving

Gdp composition by end use

Gdp composition by sector of origin

Agriculture products: accounts for less than 3% of GDP (including forestry; principal products - barley, oats, potatoes, wheat, fruits, wine grapes; cattle raising widespread

Industries: banking, iron and steel, food processing, chemicals, metal products, engineering, tires, glass, aluminum

Industrial production growth rate: growth rate -0.5% (1990; accounts for 25% of GDP

Labor force: 177,300 one-third of labor force is foreign workers, mostly from Portugal, Italy, France, Belgium, and Germany
By occupation services: 65%
By occupation industry: 31.6%
By occupation agriculture: 3.4% (1988)

Unemployment rate: 1.4% (1991)

Youth unemployment

Population below poverty line

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget: revenues $3.5 billion; expenditures $3.5 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1992)

Public debt

Taxes and other revenues

Revenue

Fiscal year: calendar year

Current account balance

Inflation rate consumer prices

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares

Current account balance

Exports: $6.4 billion (f.o.b., 1991 est.)
Commodoties: finished steel products, chemicals, rubber products, glass, aluminum, other industrial products
Partners: EC 76%, US 5%

Imports: $8.3 billion (c.i.f., 1991 est.)
Commodoties: minerals, metals, foodstuffs, quality consumer goods
Partners: Belgium 37%, FRG 31%, France 12%, US 2%

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

Debt external

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates: Luxembourg francs (LuxF) per US$1 - 33.256 (January 1993), 32.150 (1992), 34.148 (1991), 33.418 (1990), 39.404 (1989), 36.768 (1988; note - the Luxembourg franc is at par with the Belgian franc, which circulates freely in Luxembourg


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Electricity access

Electricity production: 1,238,750 kW capacity; 1,375 million kWh produced, 3,450 kWh per capita (1990)

Electricity consumption

Electricity exports

Electricity imports

Electricity installed generating capacity

Electricity transmission distribution losses

Electricity generation sources

Petroleum

Refined petroleum

Natural gas

Carbon dioxide emissions

Energy consumption per capita


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Telephones fixed lines

Telephones mobile cellular

Telephone system

Broadcast media

Internet country code

Internet users

Broadband fixed subscriptions


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Military expenditures
Percent of gdp: exchange rate conversion - $100 million, 1.2% of GDP (1992)

Military and security forces

Military service age and obligation

Space program

Terrorist groups


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National air transport system

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

Airports: 2
Usable: 2
With permanentsurface runways: 1
With runways over 3659 m: 1
With runways 2440-3659 m: 0
With runways 1220-2439 m: 1

Airports with paved runways

Airports with unpaved runways

Heliports

Pipelines

Railways

Roadways

Waterways: 37 km; Moselle River

Merchant marine:

Ports and terminals


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Disputes international: none

Refugees and internally displaced persons

Illicit drugs: money-laundering hub