Map of Ukraine | Geography | People | Government | Economy | Energy | Communication
Military | Transportation | Transnational Issues | Year: Guide19891990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005200620072008200920102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120222023 | More stats

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Background: Richly endowed in natural resources Ukraine has been fought over and subjugated for centuries; its 20th-century struggle for liberty is not yet complete. A short-lived independence from Russia (1917-1920) was followed by brutal Soviet rule that engineered two artificial famines (1921-22 and 1932-33) in which over 8 million died and World War II in which German and Soviet armies were responsible for some 7 million more deaths. Although independence was attained in 1991 with the dissolution of the USSR true freedom remains elusive as many of the former Soviet elite remain entrenched stalling efforts at economic reform privatization and civic liberties.


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Location:

Geographic coordinates

Map reference:

Area
Total: total: 603,700 km²

Land boundaries:

Coastline: 2,782 km

Maritime claims: NA

Climate:

Terrain:

Elevation

Natural resources: iron ore, coal, manganese, natural gas, oil, salt, sulphur, graphite, titanium, magnesium, kaolin, nickel, mercury, timber

Land use
Arable land: 56%
Permanent crops: 2%
Meadows and pastures: 12%
Forest and woodland: 0%
Other: 30%

Irrigated land: 26,000 km² (1990)

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal

Total renewable water resources

Natural hazards

Geography


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Population: 51,821,230 (July 1993 est.)
Growth rate: 0.06% (1993 est.)

Nationality
Noun: Ukrainian(s)
Adjective: Ukrainian

Ethnic groups: Ukrainian 73%, Russian 22%, Jewish 1%, other 4%

Languages: Ukrainian, Russian, Romanian, Polish

Religions:

Demographic profile

Age structure

Dependency ratios

Median age

Population growth rate: 0.06% (1993 est.)

Birth rate: 12.38 births/1000 population (1993 est.)

Death rate: 12.53 deaths/1000 population (1993 est.)

Net migration rate

Population distribution

Urbanization

Major urban areas

Environment
Current issues: air and water pollution, deforestation, radiation contamination around Chornobyl' nuclear power plant
Current issues note: strategic position at the crossroads between Europe and Asia; second largest country in Europe

Air pollutants

Sex ratio

Mothers mean age at first birth

Maternal mortality ratio

Infant mortality rate: 21 deaths/1000 live births (1993 est.)

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 69.87 years
Male: 65.32 years
Female: 74.65 years (1993 est.)

Total fertility rate: 1.82 children born/woman (1993 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

Drinking water source

Current health expenditure

Physicians density

Hospital bed density

Sanitation facility access

Hiv/Aids

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate

Alcohol consumption

Tobacco use

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

Education expenditures

Literacy: age 9-49 can read and write (1970)
Total population: 100%
Male: 100%
Female: 100%

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education

Youth unemployment


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Country name
Conventional long form: none
Conventional short form: Ukraine
Local long form: none
Local short form: Ukrayina
Former: Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic

Government type: republic

Capital:

Administrative divisions

Dependent areas

Independence: 1 December 1991 (from Soviet Union)

National holiday: Independence Day, 24 August (1991)

Constitution: using 1978 pre-independence constitution; new consitution currently being drafted

Legal system: based on civil law system; no judicial review of legislative acts

International law organization participation

Citizenship

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Executive branch: president, prime minister, cabinet

Legislative branch: unicameral Supreme Council

Judicial branch: being organized

Political parties and leaders

International organization participation:

Diplomatic representation
In the us chief of mission: Ambassador Oleh Hryhorovych BILORUS
In the us chancery: 3,350 M Street NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20,007
In the us telephone: (202) 333-0606
In the us fax: (202) 333-0817
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador Roman POPADIUK
From the us embassy: 10 Vul. Yuria Kotsyubinskovo, 252,053 Kiev 53
From the us mailing address: APO AE 9,862
From the us telephone: 7 (044) 244-7,349
From the us fax: 7 (044) 244-7,350

Flag description: two equal horizontal bands of azure (top) and golden yellow represent grainfields under a blue sky

National symbols

National anthem

National heritage


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Economy overview: After Russia, the Ukrainian republic was far and away the most important economic component of the former Soviet Union producing more than three times the output of the next-ranking republic. Its fertile black soil generated more than one fourth of Soviet agricultural output, and its farms provided substantial quantities of meat, milk, grain and vegetables to other republics. Likewise, its well-developed and diversified heavy industry supplied equipment and raw materials to industrial and mining sites in other regions of the former USSR. In 1992 the Ukrainian government liberalized most prices and erected a legal framework for privatizing state enterprises while retaining many central economic controls and continuing subsidies to state production enterprises. In November 1992 the new Prime Minister KUCHMA launched a new economic reform program promising more freedom to the agricultural sector, faster privatization of small and medium enterprises, and stricter control over state subsidies. Even so, the magnitude of the problems and the slow pace in building new market-oriented institutions preclude a near-term recovery of output to the 1990 level.

Real gdp purchasing power parity

Real gdp growth rate: -13% (1992 est.)

Real gdp per capita ppp

Gross national saving

Gdp composition by end use

Gdp composition by sector of origin

Agriculture products: grain, vegetables, meat, milk, sugar beets

Industries: coal, electric power, ferrous and nonferrous metals, machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, food-processing (especially sugar)

Industrial production growth rate: growth rate -9% (1992)

Labor force: 25.277 million
By occupation industry and construction: 41%
By occupation agriculture and forestry: 19%
By occupation health education andculture: 18%
By occupation tradeanddistribution: 8%
By occupation transportandcommunication: 7%
By occupation other: 7% (1990)

Unemployment rate: NA%

Youth unemployment

Population below poverty line

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget: revenues $NA; expenditures $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA

Public debt

Taxes and other revenues

Revenue

Fiscal year: calendar year

Current account balance

Inflation rate consumer prices

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares

Current account balance

Exports:
Commodoties: coal, electric power, ferrous and nonferrous metals, chemicals, machinery and transport equipment, grain, meat
Partners: NA

Imports:
Commodoties: machinery and parts, transportation equipment, chemicals, textiles
Partners: NA

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

Debt external

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates: Ukrainian karbovantsi per $US1 - 3,000 (1 April 1993)


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Electricity access

Electricity production: 55,882,000 kW capacity; 281,000 million kWh produced, 5,410 kWh per capita (1992)

Electricity consumption

Electricity exports

Electricity imports

Electricity installed generating capacity

Electricity transmission distribution losses

Electricity generation sources

Petroleum

Refined petroleum

Natural gas

Carbon dioxide emissions

Energy consumption per capita


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Telephones fixed lines

Telephones mobile cellular

Telephone system

Broadcast media

Internet country code

Internet users

Broadband fixed subscriptions


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Military expenditures
Percent of gdp: 544,256 million karbovantsi, NA% of GDP (forecast for 1993; note - conversion of the military budget into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results

Military and security forces

Military service age and obligation

Space program

Terrorist groups


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National air transport system

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

Airports: 694
Usable: 100
With permanentsurface runways: 111
With runways over 3659 m: 3
With runways 2440-3659 m: 81
With runways 1220-2439 m: 78

Airports with paved runways

Airports with unpaved runways

Heliports

Pipelines: crude oil 2,010 km, petroleum products 1,920 km, natural gas 7,800 km (1992) (formerly Zhdanov), Mykolayiv, Odesa, Sevastopol', Pirdenne; inland - Kiev (Kyyiv)

Railways

Roadways

Waterways: 1,672 km perennially navigable (Pripyat and Dnipro River)

Merchant marine:

Ports and terminals


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Disputes international:

Refugees and internally displaced persons

Illicit drugs: illicit producer of cannabis and opium; mostly for CIS consumption; limited government eradication program; used as transshipment points for illicit drugs to Western Europe