Statistical information Bolivia 1993Bolivia

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Bolivia in the World
Bolivia in the World

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Bolivia - Introduction 1993
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Background: Bolivia broke away from Spanish rule in 1825. Its subsequent history has been marked by a seemingly endless series of coups, counter-coups, and abrupt changes in leaders and policies. Comparatively democratic civilian rule was established in the 1980s, but the leaders have faced difficult problems of deep-seated poverty, social unrest, strikes, and drug dealing. Current issues include encouraging and negotiating the terms for foreign investment; strengthening the educational system; continuing the privatization program; pursuing judicial reform and an anti-corruption campaign.


Bolivia - Geography 1993
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Location: Central South America, between Brazil and Chile

Geographic coordinates

Map referenceSouth America, Standard Time Zones of the World

Area
Total: 1,098,580 km²
Land: 1,084,390 km²

Land boundaries: total 6,743 km, Argentina 832 km, Brazil 3,400 km, Chile 861 km, Paraguay 750 km, Peru 900 km

Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)

Maritime claims:
none; landlocked
Pacific Ocean since the Atacama area was lost to Chile in 1884; dispute with
Chile over Rio Lauca water rights


Climate: varies with altitude; humid and tropical to cold and semiarid

Terrain: rugged Andes Mountains with a highland plateau (Altiplano), hills, lowland plains of the Amazon basin

Elevation

Natural resources: tin, natural gas, petroleum, zinc, tungsten, antimony, silver, iron ore, lead, gold, timber
Land use

Land use
Arable land: 3%
Permanent crops: 0%
Meadows and pastures: 25%
Forest and woodland: 52%
Other: 20%

Irrigated land: 1,650 km² (1989 est.)

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal

Total renewable water resources

Natural hazards

Geography


Bolivia - People 1993
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Population: 7,544,099 (July 1993 est.)
Growth rate: 2.31% (1993 est.)

Nationality: noun: Bolivian(s)

Ethnic groups: Quechua 30%, Aymara 25%, mixed 25-30%, European 5-15%

Languages: Spanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara (official)

Religions: Roman Catholic 95%, Protestant (Evangelical Methodist)

Demographic profile
Age structure

Age structure

Dependency ratios

Median age

Population growth rate: 2.31% (1993 est.)

Birth rate: 32.83 births/1000 population (1993 est.)

Death rate: 8.63 deaths/1000 population (1993 est.)

Net migration rate: -1.06 migrant(s)/1000 population (1993 est.)

Population distribution

Urbanization

Major urban areas

Environment
Current issues: cold, thin air of high plateau is obstacle to efficient fuel combustion; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification
Current issues note: landlocked; shares control of Lago Titicaca, world's highest navigable lake, with Peru

Air pollutants

Sex ratio

Mothers mean age at first birth

Maternal mortality ratio

Infant mortality rate: 76.7 deaths/1000 live births (1993 est.)

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 62.77 years
Male: 60.34 years
Female: 65.33 years (1993 est.)

Total fertility rate: 4.31 children born/woman (1993 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

Drinking water source

Current health expenditure

Physicians density

Hospital bed density

Sanitation facility access

Hiv/Aids

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate

Alcohol consumption

Tobacco use

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

Education expenditures

Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990)
Total population: 78%
Male: 85%
Female: 71%

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education

Youth unemployment


Bolivia - Government 1993
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Country name
Conventional long form: Republic of Bolivia
Conventional short form: Bolivia
Local long form: Republica de Bolivia
Local short form: Bolivia

Government type: republic

Capital: La Paz (seat of government; Sucre (legal capital and seat of judiciary)

Administrative divisions:
9 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, Beni, La Paz, Oruro, Pando, Potosi,
Santa Cruz, Tarija


Dependent areas

Independence: 6 August 1825 (from Spain)

National holiday: Independence Day, 6 August (1825)

Constitution: 2 February 1967

Legal system: based on Spanish law and Code Napoleon; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

International law organization participation

Citizenship

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal and compulsory (married) 21 years of age; universal and compulsory (single)

Executive branch: president, vice president, Cabinet

Legislative branch: bicameral National Congress (Congreso Nacional) consists of an upper chamber or Chamber of Senators (Camara de Senadores) and a lower chamber or Chamber of Deputies (Camara de Diputados)

Judicial branch: Supreme Court (Corte Suprema)

Political parties and leaders

International organization participation:
AG, ECLAC, FAO, GATT, G-11, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA,
IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ITU, LAES, LAIA,
LORCS, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU,
WHO, WMO, WTO


Diplomatic representation
In the us chief of mission: Ambassador Jorge CRESPO
In the us chancery: 3,014 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20,008
In the us telephone: (202) 483-4,410 through 4,412
In the us consulates general: Los Angeles, Miami, New York, and San Francisco
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador Charles R. BOWERS
From the us embassy:
Banco Popular del Peru Building, corner of Calles Mercado y
Colon, La Paz

From the us telephone: 591 (2) 350,251 or 350,120
From the us fax: 591 (2) 359,875

Flag descriptionflag of Bolivia: three equal horizontal bands of red (top), yellow, and green with the coat of arms centered on the yellow band; similar to the flag of Ghana, which has a large black five-pointed star centered in the yellow band

National symbols

National anthem

National heritage


Bolivia - Economy 1993
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Economy overview: With its long history of semifeudalistic social controls, dependence on volatile prices for its mineral exports, and bouts of hyperinflation, Bolivia has remained one of the poorest and least developed Latin American countries. Since August 1989, President PAZ Zamora, despite his Marxist origins, has maintained a moderate policy of repressing domestic terrorism, containing inflation, and achieving annual GDP growth of 3 to 4%. For many farmers, who constitute half of the country's work force, the main cash crop is coca, which is sold for cocaine processing.

Real gdp purchasing power parity

Real gdp growth rate: 3.8% (1992)

Real gdp per capita: $670 (1992)

Gross national saving
Gdp composition by sector of origin

Gdp composition by end use

Gdp composition by sector of origin

Agriculture products: accounts for about 21% of GDP (including forestry and

Industries: mining, smelting, petroleum, food and beverage, tobacco, handicrafts, clothing; illicit drug industry reportedly produces 15% of its revenues

Industrial production growth rate:
growth rate 7% (1992); accounts for almost 32% of
GDP


Labor force: 1.7 million
By occupation agriculture: 50%
By occupation servicesandutilities: 26%
By occupation manufacturing: 10%
By occupation mining: 4%
By occupation other: 10% (1983)
Labor force

Unemployment rate: 5% (1992)

Youth unemployment

Population below poverty line

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget: revenues $1.5 billion; expenditures $1.57 billion, including capital expenditures of $627 million (1993 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

Public debt

Revenue

Fiscal year: calendar year

Inflation rate consumer prices

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares

Current account balance

Exports: $609 million (f.o.b., 1992)
Commodoties: metals 46%, hydrocarbons 21%, other 33% (coffee, soybeans, sugar, cotton, timber)
Partners: US 15%, Argentina

Imports: 1.185 billion (c.i.f., 1992)
Commodoties: food, petroleum, consumer goods, capital goods
Partners: US 22%

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

Debt external

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates: bolivianos ($B) per US$1 - 3.9437 (August 1992), 3.85 (1992), 3.5806 (1991), 3.1727 (1990), 2.6917 (1989), 2.3502 (1988), 2.0549 (1987)


Bolivia - Energy 1993
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Electricity
Production: 865,000 kW capacity; 1,834 million kWh produced, 250 kWh per capita (1992)

Coal

Petroleum

Crude oil

Refined petroleum

Natural gas

Carbon dioxide emissions

Energy consumption per capita


Bolivia - Communication 1993
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Telephones

Telephone system

Broadcast media

Internet

Broadband fixed subscriptions


Bolivia - Military 1993
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Military expenditures
Percent of gdp: exchange rate conversion - $80 million, 1.6% of GDP (1990 est.)

Military and security forces

Military service age and obligation

Space program

Terrorist groups


Bolivia - Transportation 1993
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National air transport system

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

Airports: 1,225
Usable: 1,043
With permanentsurface runways: 9
With runways over 3659 m: 2
With runways 2440-3659 m: 7
With runways 1220-2439 m: 161

Heliports

Pipelines: crude oil 1,800 km; petroleum products 580 km; natural gas 1,495 km

Railways

Roadways

Waterways: 10,000 km of commercially navigable waterways

Merchant marine:
2 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 14,051
GRT/22,155 DWT


Ports and terminals


Bolivia - Transnational issues 1993
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Disputes international

Refugees and internally displaced persons

Illicit drugs: world's second-largest producer of coca (after Peru) with an estimated 47,900 hectares under cultivation; voluntary and forced eradication program unable to prevent production from rising to 82,000 metric tons in 1992 from 74,700 tons in 1989; government considers all but 12,000 hectares illicit; intermediate coca products and cocaine exported to or through Colombia and Brazil to the US and other international drug markets


Economy Bookings


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