Statistical information Bosnia and Herzegovina 1993

Bosnia and Herzegovina in the World
top of pageBackground: Bosnia and Herzegovina is suffering from interethnic civil strife which began in March 1992 after the Government of Bosnia and Herzegovina held a referendum on independence. Bosnia's Serbs - supported by neighboring Serbia - responded with armed resistance aimed at partitioning the republic along ethnic lines and joining Serb-held areas to a "greater Serbia." Since the onset of the conflict, which has driven thousands from their homes, both the Bosnian Serbs and the Bosnian Croats have asserted control of large areas formerly under the control of the Government of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The UN and the EU are trying to mediate a plan for peace.
top of pageLocation: Southeastern Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula, between Croatia and Serbia and Montenegro
Geographic coordinatesMap reference:
Africa, Arctic Region, Ethnic Groups in Eastern Europe,
Europe, Standard Time Zones of the World
AreaTotal: 51,233 km²
Land: 51,233 km²
Land boundaries:
total 1,369 km, Croatia (northwest) 751 km, Croatia (south) 91 km, Serbia and Montenegro 527 km (312 km with Serbia; 215 km with
Montenegro)
Coastline: 20 km
Exclusive economic zone: 12 nm
Exclusive fishing zone: 12 nm
Territorial sea: 12 nm
Maritime claimsClimate: hot summers and cold winters; areas of high elevation have short, cool summers and long, severe winters; mild, rainy winters along coast
Terrain: mountains and valleys
ElevationNatural resources: coal, iron, bauxite, manganese, timber, wood products, copper, chromium, lead, zinc
Land useArable land: 20%
Permanent crops: 2%
Meadows and pastures: 25%
Forest and woodland: 36%
Other: 17%
Irrigated land: NA km²
Major riversMajor watersheds area km²Total water withdrawalTotal renewable water resourcesNatural hazardsGeographytop of pagePopulation: 4,618,804 (July 1993 est.)
Growth rate: 0.72% (1993 est.)
NationalityNoun: Bosnian(s), Herzegovinian(s)
Adjective: Bosnian, Herzegovinian
Ethnic groups: Muslim 44%, Serb 31%, Croat 17%, other 8%
Languages: Serbo-Croatian 99%
Total population: NA%
Male: NA%
Female: NA%
Religions: Muslim 40%, Orthodox 31%, Catholic 15%, Protestant 4%, other 10%
Demographic profileAge structureDependency ratiosMedian agePopulation growth rate: 0.72% (1993 est.)
Birth rate: 13.54 births/1000 population (1993 est.)
Death rate: 6.38 deaths/1000 population (1993 est.)
Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1000 population (1993 est.)
Population distributionUrbanizationMajor urban areasEnvironmentCurrent issues: air pollution from metallurgical plants; water scarce; sites for disposing of urban waste are limited; subject to frequent and destructive earthquakes
Air pollutantsSex ratioMothers mean age at first birthMaternal mortality ratioInfant mortality rate: 13.2 deaths/1000 live births (1993 est.)
Life expectancy at birthTotal population: 74.8 years
Male: 72.11 years
Female: 77.67 years (1993 est.)
Total fertility rateContraceptive prevalence rateDrinking water sourceCurrent health expenditurePhysicians densityHospital bed densitySanitation facility accessHiv/AidsMajor infectious diseasesObesity adult prevalence rateAlcohol consumptionTobacco useChildren under the age of 5 years underweightEducation expendituresLiteracySchool life expectancy primary to tertiary educationYouth unemploymenttop of pageCountry nameConventional long form: Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Conventional short form: Bosnia and Herzegovina
Local long form: Republika Bosna i Hercegovina
Local short form: Bosna i Hercegovina
Government type: emerging democracy
Capital: Sarajevo
Administrative divisions:
109 districts (opcine, singular - opcina)
Banovici, Banja Luka, Bihac, Bijeljina, Bileca, Bosanska Dubica, Bosanska
Graaiskia, Bosanska Krupa, Bosanski Brod, Bosanski Novi, Bosanski Petrovac,
Bosanski Samac, Bosansko Grahovo, Bratunac, Brcko, Breza, Bugojno, Busovaca,
Cazin, Cajilice, Capljina, Celinac, Citluk, Derventa, Duboj, Donji Vakuf,
Foca, Fojnica, Gacko, Glamoc, Gorazde Gornji Vakuf, Gracanica, Gradacac,
Grude, Han Pijesak Jablanica, Jajce, Kakanj, Kalesija, Kalinovik, Kiseljak,
Kladanj, Kljuc, Konjic, Kotor Varos, Kresevo, Kupres, Laktasi, Listica, Livno,
Lopare, Lukavac, Ljubinje, Ljubuski, Maglaj, Modrica, Mostar, Mrkonjic Grad,
Neum, Nevesinje, Odzak, Olovo, Orasje, Posusje, Prijedor, Prnjavor, Prozor, (Pucarevo) Novi Travnik, Rogatica, Rudo, Sanski Most, Sarajevo-Centar,
Sarajevo-Hadzici, Sarajevo-Ilidza, Sarajevo-Ilijas, Sarajevo-Novi Grad,
Sarajevo-Novo, Sarajevo-Pale, Sarajevo-Stari Grad, Sarajevo-Trnovo,
Sarajevo-Vogosca, Skender Vakuf, Sokolac, Srbac, Srebrenica, Srebrenik,
Stoloc, Sekovici, Sipovo, Teslic, Tesanj, (Titov Drvar) Drvar, Duvno, Travnik,
Trebinje, Tuzla, Ugljevik, Vare, Velika Kladusa, Visoko, Visegrad, Vitez
Vlasenica, Zavidovici, Zenica, Zvornik, Zepce, Zivinice
Dependent areasIndependence: NA April 1992 (from Yugoslavia)
National holiday: NA
Constitution: NA
Legal system: based on civil law system
International law organization participationCitizenshipSuffrage: 16 years of age, if employed; 18 years of age, universal
Executive branch: collective presidency, prime minister, deputy prime ministers, cabinet
Legislative branch: bicameral National Assembly consists of an upper house or Chamber of Municipalities (Vijece Opeina) and a lower house or Chamber of Citizens (Vijece Gradanstvo)
Judicial branch: Supreme Court, Constitutional Court
Political parties and leadersInternational organization participation: CEI, CSCE, ECE, UN, UNCTAD, WHO
Diplomatic representationIn the us chief of mission: NA
In the us telephone: NA
From the us: the US maintains full diplomatic relations with Bosnia and Herzegovina but has not yet established an embassy in Serajevo
Flag description
: white with a large blue shield; the shield contains white Roman crosses with a white diagonal band running from the upper hoist corner to the lower fly side
National symbolsNational anthemNational heritagetop of pageEconomy overview: Bosnia and Herzegovina ranked next to Macedonia as the poorest republic in the old Yugoslav federation. Although agriculture has been almost all in private hands, farms have been small and inefficient, and the republic traditionally has been a net importer of food. Industry has been greatly overstaffed, one reflection of the rigidities of Communist central planning and management. Tito had pushed the development of military industries in the republic with the result that Bosnia hosted a large share of Yugoslavia's defense plants. As of March 1993, Bosnia and Herzegovina was being torn apart by the continued bitter interethnic warfare that has caused production to plummet, unemployment and inflation to soar, and human misery to multiply. No reliable economic statistics for 1992 are available, although output clearly fell below the already depressed 1991 level.
Real gdp purchasing power parityReal gdp growth rate: -37% (1991 est.)
Real gdp per capita: $3,200 (1991 est.)
Gross national savingGdp composition by sector of origin
Gdp composition by end useGdp composition by sector of originAgriculture products: accounted for 9.0% of GDP in 1989; regularly produces less than 50% of food needs; the foothills of northern Bosnia support orchards, vineyards, livestock, and some wheat and corn; long winters and heavy precipitation leach soil fertility reducing agricultural output in the mountains; farms are mostly privately held, small, and not very productive
Industries: steel production, mining (coal, iron ore, lead, zinc, manganese, and bauxite), manufacturing (vehicle assembly, textiles, tobacco products, wooden furniture, 40% of former Yugoslavia's armaments including tank and aircraft assembly, domestic appliances), oil refining
Industrial production growth rate: growth rate NA%, but production is sharply down because of interethnic and interrepublic warfare (1991-92) per capita (1992)
Labor force: 1,026,254
By occupation agriculture: 2%
By occupation industry and mining: 45% (1991 est.)
Unemployment rate: 28% (February 1992 est.)
Youth unemploymentPopulation below poverty lineGini indexHousehold income or consumption by percentage shareDistribution of family income gini indexBudget: revenues $NA; expenditures $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA
Taxes and other revenuesPublic debtRevenueFiscal year: calendar year
Inflation rate consumer pricesCentral bank discount rateCommercial bank prime lending rateStock of narrow moneyStock of broad moneyStock of domestic creditMarket value of publicly traded sharesCurrent account balanceExports: $2,054 million (1990)
Commodoties: manufactured goods 31%, machinery and transport equipment 20.8%, raw materials 18%, miscellaneous manufactured articles 17.3%, chemicals 9.4%, fuel and lubricants 1.4%, food and live animals 1.2%
Partners: principally the other former Yugoslav republics
Imports: $1,891 million (1990)
Commodoties: fuels and lubricants 32%, machinery and transport equipment 23.3%, other manufactures 21.3%, chemicals 10%, raw materials 6.7%, food and live animals 5.5%, beverages and tobacco 1.9%
Partners: principally the other former Yugoslav republics
Reserves of foreign exchange and goldDebt externalStock of direct foreign investment at homeStock of direct foreign investment abroadExchange rates: NA
top of pageElectricityCoalPetroleumCrude oilRefined petroleumNatural gasCarbon dioxide emissionsEnergy consumption per capitatop of pageTelephonesTelephone systemBroadcast mediaInternetBroadband fixed subscriptionstop of pageMilitary expendituresPercent of gdp: $NA, NA% of GDP
Military and security forcesMilitary service age and obligationSpace programTerrorist groupstop of pageNational air transport systemCivil aircraft registration country code prefixAirports: 27
Usable: 22
With permanentsurface runways: 8
With runways over 3659: 0
With runways 2440-3659 m: 4
With runways 1220-2439 m: 5
HeliportsPipelines: crude oil 174 km, natural gas 90 km (1992; note - pipelines now disrupted
RailwaysRoadwaysWaterways: NA km
Merchant marinePorts and terminalstop of pageDisputes international: Serbia and Montenegro and Croatia seek to cantonize Bosnia and Herzegovina; Muslim majority being forced from many areas
Refugees and internally displaced personsIllicit drugs: NA