Statistical information Ecuador 1993Ecuador

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Ecuador in the World
Ecuador in the World

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Ecuador - Introduction 1993
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Background: The 'Republic of the Equator' was one of three countries that emerged from the collapse of Gran Colombia in 1830 (the others being Colombia and Venezuela). Between 1904 and 1942 Ecuador lost territories in a series of conflicts with its neighbors.


Ecuador - Geography 1993
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Location:
Western South America, bordering the Pacific Ocean at the
Equator between Colombia and Peru


Geographic coordinates

Map referenceSouth America, Standard Time Zones of the World

Area
Total: 283,560 km²
Land: 276,840 km²

Land boundaries: total 2,010 km, Colombia 590 km, Peru 1,420 km

Coastline: 2,237 km
Continental shelf:
claims continental shelf between mainland and Galapagos
Islands

Territorial sea: 200 nm

Maritime claims

Climate: tropical along coast becoming cooler inland

Terrain: coastal plain (Costa), inter-Andean central highlands (Sierra), and flat to rolling eastern jungle (Oriente)

Elevation

Natural resources: petroleum, fish, timber
Arable land: 6%
Permanent crops: 3%
Meadows and pastures: 17%
Forest and woodland: 51%
Other: 23%
Land use

Land use

Irrigated land: 5,500 km² (1989 est.)

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal

Total renewable water resources

Natural hazards

Geography


Ecuador - People 1993
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Population: 10,461,072 (July 1993 est.)
Growth rate: 2.07% (1993 est.)

Nationality
Noun: Ecuadorian(s)
Adjective: Ecuadorian

Ethnic groups:
mestizo (mixed Indian and Spanish) 55%, Indian 25%,
Spanish 10%, black 10%


Languages: Spanish (official), Indian languages (especially Quechua)

Religions: Roman Catholic 95%

Demographic profile
Age structure

Age structure

Dependency ratios

Median age

Population growth rate: 2.07% (1993 est.)

Birth rate: 26.54 births/1000 population (1993 est.)

Death rate: 5.8 deaths/1000 population (1993 est.)

Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1000 population (1993 est.)

Population distribution

Urbanization

Major urban areas

Environment
Current issues: subject to frequent earthquakes, landslides, volcanic activity; deforestation; desertification; soil erosion; periodic droughts
Current issues note: Cotopaxi in Andes is highest active volcano in world

Air pollutants

Sex ratio

Mothers mean age at first birth

Maternal mortality ratio

Infant mortality rate: 40.8 deaths/1000 live births (1993 est.)

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 69.61 years
Male: 67.09 years
Female: 72.25 years (1993 est.)

Total fertility rate: 3.19 children born/woman (1993 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

Drinking water source

Current health expenditure

Physicians density

Hospital bed density

Sanitation facility access

Hiv/Aids

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate

Alcohol consumption

Tobacco use

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

Education expenditures

Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990)
Total population: 86%
Male: 88%

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education

Youth unemployment


Ecuador - Government 1993
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Country name
Conventional long form: Republic of Ecuador
Conventional short form: Ecuador
Local long form: Republica del Ecuador
Local short form: Ecuador

Government type: republic

Capital: Quito

Administrative divisions:
21 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia);
Azuay, Bolivar, Canar, Carchi, Chimborazo, Cotopaxi, El Oro, Esmeraldas,
Galapagos, Guayas, Imbabura, Loja, Los Rios, Manabi, Morona-Santiago, Napo,
Pastaza, Pichincha, Sucumbios, Tungurahua, Zamora-Chinchipe


Dependent areas

Independence: 24 May 1822 (from Spain)

National holiday:
Independence Day, 10 August (1809) (independence of
Quito)

CenterRight parties:
Social Christian Party (PSC), Jaime NEBOT Saadi, president; Republican Unity Party (PUR), President Sixto DURAN-BALLEN, leader;
Conservative Party (CE), Vice President Alberto DAHIK, president

CenterLeft parties:
Democratic Left (ID), Andres VALLEJO Arcos, Rodrigo
BORJA Cevallos, leaders; Popular Democracy (DP), Jamil MANUAD Witt, president;
Ecuadorian Radical Liberal Party (PLRE), Carlos Luis PLAZA Aray, director;
Radical Alfarista Front (FRA), Jaime ASPIAZU Seminario, director

Populist parties:
Roldista Party (PRE), Abdala BUCARAM Ortiz, director;
Concentration of Popular Forces (CFP), Rafael SANTELICES, director; Popular
Revolutionary Action (APRE), Frank VARGAS Passos, leader; Assad Bucaram Party (PAB), Avicena BUCARAM, leader; People, Change, and Democracy (PCD), Raul
AULESTIA, director

FarLeft parties:
Popular Democratic Movement (MPD), Jorge Fausto MORENO, director; Ecuadorian Socialist Party (PSE), Leon ROLDOS, leader; Broad Leftist
Front (FADI), Jose Xavier GARAYCOA, president; Ecuadorian National Liberation (LN), Alfredo CASTILLO, director
Ecuador/Marxist-Leninist (PCMLE, Maoist), leader NA (3,000 members)


Constitution: 10 August 1979

Legal system: based on civil law system; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

International law organization participation

Citizenship

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal, compulsory for literate persons ages 18-65, optional for other eligible voters

Executive branch: president, vice president, Cabinet

Legislative branch: unicameral National Congress (Congreso Nacional)

Judicial branch: Supreme Court (Corte Suprema)

Political parties and leaders

International organization participation:
AG, ECLAC, FAO, G-11, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU,
IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ITU, LAES, LAIA,
LORCS, NAM, OAS, ONUSAL, OPANAL, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL,
WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO


Diplomatic representation
In the us chief of mission: Ambassador Edgar TERAN
In the us chancery: 2,535 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20,009
In the us telephone: (202) 234-7,200
In the us consulates general:
Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New
York, and San Francisco

In the us consulate: San Diego
From the us chief of mission: (vacant); Charge d'Affaires James F. MACK
From the us embassy: Avenida 12 de Octubre y Avenida Patria, Quito
From the us mailing address: P. O. Box 538, Quito, or APO AA 34,039-3,420
From the us telephone: 593 (2) 562-890
From the us fax: 593 (2) 502-052
From the us consulate general: Guayaquil flag of Colombia that is shorter and does not bear a coat of arms

Flag descriptionflag of Ecuador

National symbols

National anthem

National heritage


Ecuador - Economy 1993
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Economy overview: Ecuador has substantial oil resources and rich agricultural areas. Growth has been uneven because of natural disasters, fluctuations in global oil prices, and government policies designed to curb inflation. Banana exports, second only to oil, have suffered as a result of EC import quotas and banana blight. The new President Sixto DURAN-BALLEN, has a much more favorable attitude toward foreign investment than did his predecessor. Ecuador has implemented trade agreements with Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, and Venezuela and has applied for GATT membership. At the end of 1991, Ecuador received a standby IMF loan of $105 million, which will permit the country to proceed with the rescheduling of Paris Club debt. In September 1992, the government launched a new, macroeconomic program that gives more play to market forces; as of March 1993, the program seemed to be paying off.

Real gdp purchasing power parity

Real gdp growth rate: 3% (1992)

Real gdp per capita: $1,100 (1992)

Gross national saving
Gdp composition by sector of origin

Gdp composition by end use

Gdp composition by sector of origin

Agriculture products: accounts for 18% of GDP and 35% of labor force (including fishing and forestry; leading producer and exporter of bananas and balsawood; other exports - coffee, cocoa, fish, shrimp; crop production - rice, potatoes, manioc, plantains, sugarcane; livestock sector - cattle, sheep, hogs, beef, pork, dairy products; net importer of foodgrains, dairy products, and sugar derivatives of coca originating in Colombia, Bolivia, and Peru; importer of precursor chemicals used in production of illicit narcotics; important money-laundering hub

Industries: petroleum, food processing, textiles, metal works, paper products, wood products, chemicals, plastics, fishing, timber

Industrial production growth rate:
growth rate 3.9% (1991); accounts for almost 40% of
GDP, including petroleum


Labor force: 2.8 million
By occupation agriculture: 35%
By occupation manufacturing: 21%
By occupation commerce: 16%
By occupation servicesandotheractivities: 28% (1982)
Labor force

Unemployment rate: 8% (1992)

Youth unemployment

Population below poverty line

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget: revenues $1.9 billion; expenditures $1.9 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1992)

Taxes and other revenues

Public debt

Revenue

Fiscal year: calendar year

Inflation rate consumer prices

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares

Current account balance

Exports: $3.0 billion (f.o.b., 1992)
Commodoties: petroleum 42%, bananas, shrimp, cocoa, coffee
Partners: US 53.4%, Latin America, Caribbean, EC countries

Imports: $2.4 billion (f.o.b., 1992)
Commodoties: transport equipment, vehicles, machinery, chemicals
Partners: US 32.7%, Latin America, Caribbean, EC countries, Japan

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

Debt external

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates: sucres (S/) per US$1 - 1,453.8 (August 1992), 1,046.25 (1991), 869.54 (December 1990), 767.75 (1990), 526.35 (1989), 301.61 (1988)


Ecuador - Energy 1993
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Electricity
Production: 2,921,000 kW capacity; 7,676 million kWh produced, 700 kWh per capita (1992)

Coal

Petroleum

Crude oil

Refined petroleum

Natural gas

Carbon dioxide emissions

Energy consumption per capita


Ecuador - Communication 1993
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Telephones

Telephone system

Broadcast media

Internet

Broadband fixed subscriptions


Ecuador - Military 1993
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Military expenditures
Percent of gdp: exchange rate conversion - $NA, NA% of GDP

Military and security forces

Military service age and obligation

Space program

Terrorist groups


Ecuador - Transportation 1993
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National air transport system

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

Airports: 174
Usable: 173
With permanentsurface runways: 52 with runway over 3,659 m: 1
With runways 2440-3659 m: 6
With runways 1220-2439 m: 21

Heliports

Pipelines: crude oil 800 km; petroleum products 1,358 km

Railways

Roadways

Waterways: 1,500 km

Merchant marine:
45 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 333,380 GRT/483,862
DWT; includes 2 passenger, 4 cargo, 17 refrigerated cargo, 4 container, 1 roll-on/roll-off, 15 oil tanker, 1 liquefied gas, 1 bulk


Ports and terminals


Ecuador - Transnational issues 1993
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Disputes international: three sections of the boundary with Peru are in dispute

Refugees and internally displaced persons

Illicit drugs


Magical Shuttle


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