Statistical information Ethiopia 1993

Ethiopia in the World
top of pageBackground: on 28 May 1991 the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) toppled the authoritarian government of MENGISTU Haile-Mariam and took control in Addis Ababa.
top of pageLocation: Eastern Africa, between Somalia and Sudan
Geographic coordinatesMap reference:
Africa, Standard Time Zones of the WorldAreaTotal: 1,127,127 km²
Land: 1,119,683 km²
Land boundaries: total 5,311 km, Djibouti 337 km, Erithea 912 km, Kenya 830 km, Somalia 1,626 km, Sudan 1,606 km
Coastline: none - landlocked
Maritime claims: none - landlocked
Climate: tropical monsoon with wide topographic-induced variation; some areas prone to extended droughts
Terrain:
high plateau with central mountain range divided by Great Rift
Valley
ElevationNatural resources: small reserves of gold, platinum, copper, potash
Land useArable land: 12%
Permanent crops: 1%
Meadows and pastures: 41%
Other: 22%
Irrigated land: 1,620 km² (1989 est.)
Major riversMajor watersheds area km²Total water withdrawalTotal renewable water resourcesNatural hazardsGeographytop of pagePopulation: 53,278,446 (July 1993 est.)
Growth rate: 3.41% (1993 est.)
NationalityNoun: Ethiopian(s)
Adjective: Ethiopian
Ethnic groups: Oromo 40%, Amhara and Tigrean 32%, Sidamo 9%, Shankella 6%, Somali 6%, Afar 4%, Gurage 2%, other 1%
Languages:
Amharic (official), Tigrinya, Orominga, Guaraginga, Somali,
Arabic, English (major foreign language taught in schools)
Religions: Muslim 45-50%, Ethiopian Orthodox 35-40%, animist 12%, other 5%
Demographic profileAge structureDependency ratiosMedian agePopulation growth rate: 3.41% (1993 est.)
Birth rate: 45.37 births/1000 population (1993 est.)
Death rate: 14.23 deaths/1000 population (1993 est.)
Net migration rate: 2.94 migrant(s)/1000 population (1993 est.)
Population distributionUrbanizationMajor urban areasEnvironmentCurrent issues: geologically active Great Rift Valley susceptible to earthquakes, volcanic eruptions; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; frequent droughts; famine
Current issues note: landlocked - entire coastline along the Red Sea was lost with the de jure independence of Eritrea on 27 April 1993
Air pollutantsSex ratioMothers mean age at first birthMaternal mortality ratioInfant mortality rate: 108.8 deaths/1000 live births (1993 est.)
Life expectancy at birthTotal population: 52.21 years
Male: 50.6 years
Female: 53.88 years (1993 est.)
Total fertility rate: 6.88 children born/woman (1993 est.)
Contraceptive prevalence rateDrinking water sourceCurrent health expenditurePhysicians densityHospital bed densitySanitation facility accessHiv/AidsMajor infectious diseasesObesity adult prevalence rateAlcohol consumptionTobacco useChildren under the age of 5 years underweightEducation expendituresLiteracy: age 10 and over can read and write (1983)
Total population: 62%
Male: NA%
Female: NA%
By occupation: agriculture and animal husbandry 80%, government and services 12%, industry and construction 8% (1985)
School life expectancy primary to tertiary educationYouth unemploymenttop of pageCountry nameConventional long form: none
Conventional short form: Ethiopia
Local long form: none
Local short form: Ityop'iya
Government type: transitional government; on 28 May 1991 the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) toppled the authoritarian government of MENGISTU Haile-Mariam and took control in Addis Ababa; the Transitional Government of Ethiopia (TGE), announced a two-year transitional period
Capital: Addis Ababa
Administrative divisions:
14 administrative regions (astedader akababiwach, singular - astedader akababi) Addis Ababa, Afar, Amhara,
Benishangul, Gambela, Gurage-Hadiya-Kambata, Harer, Kefa, Omo, Oromo, Sidamo,
Somali, Tigray, Wolayta
Dependent areasIndependence: oldest independent country in Africa and one of the oldest in the world - at least 2,000 years
National holiday: National Day, 28 May (1991) (defeat of Mengistu regime)
Constitution: to be redrafted by 1993
Legal system: NA
International law organization participationCitizenshipSuffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branchLegislative branch: unicameral Constituent Assembly
Judicial branch: Supreme Court
Political parties and leadersInternational organization participation:
ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA,
IFAD, IFC, IGADD, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, LORCS,
NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representationIn the us chief of mission: Ambassador BERHANE Gebre-Christos
In the us chancery: 2,134 Kalorama Road NW, Washington, DC 20,008
In the us telephone: (202) 234-2,281 or 2,282
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador Marc A. BAAS
From the us embassy: Entoto Street, Addis Ababa
From the us mailing address: P. O. Box 1014, Addis Ababa
From the us telephone: 251 (1) 550-666
From the us fax: 251 (1) 551-166
Flag description
: three equal horizontal bands of green (top), yellow, and red; Ethiopia is the oldest independent country in Africa, and the colors of her flag were so often adopted by other African countries upon independence that they became known as the pan-African colors
National symbolsNational anthemNational heritagetop of pageEconomy overview: With the independence of Eritrea on 27 April 1993, Ethiopia continues to face difficult economic problems as one of the poorest and least developed countries in Africa. (The accompanying analysis and figures predate the independence of Eritrea.) Its economy is based on subsistence agriculture, which accounts for about 45% of GDP, 90% of exports, and 80% of total employment; coffee generates 60% of export earnings. The manufacturing sector is heavily dependent on inputs from the agricultural sector. Over 90% of large-scale industry, but less than 10% of agriculture, is state run; the government is considering selling off a portion of state-owned plants. Favorable agricultural weather largely explains the 4.5% growth in output in FY89, whereas drought and deteriorating internal security conditions prevented growth in FY90. In 1991 the lack of law and order, particularly in the south, interfered with economic development and growth. In 1992, because of some easing of civil strife and aid from the outside world, the economy substantially improved.
Real gdp purchasing power parityReal gdp growth rateReal gdp per capita: $130 (FY92 est.)
Gross national savingGdp composition by sector of origin
Gdp composition by end useGdp composition by sector of originAgriculture products: accounts for 47% of GDP and is the most important sector of the economy even though frequent droughts and poor cultivation practices keep farm output low; famines not uncommon; export crops of coffee and oilseeds grown partly on state farms; estimated 50% of agricultural production at subsistence level; principal crops and livestock - cereals, pulses, coffee, oilseeds, sugarcane, potatoes and other vegetables, hides and skins, cattle, sheep, goats
Industries: food processing, beverages, textiles, chemicals, metals processing, cement
Industrial production growth rate:
growth rate 2.3% (FY89 est.); accounts for 12% of
GDP
Labor forceUnemployment rate: NA%
Youth unemploymentPopulation below poverty lineGini indexHousehold income or consumption by percentage shareDistribution of family income gini indexBudget: revenues $1.4 billion; expenditures $2.3 billion, including capital expenditures of $565 million (FY91)
Taxes and other revenuesPublic debtRevenueFiscal year: 8 July - 7 July
Inflation rate consumer pricesCentral bank discount rateCommercial bank prime lending rateStock of narrow moneyStock of broad moneyStock of domestic creditMarket value of publicly traded sharesCurrent account balanceExports: $276 million (f.o.b., FY90)
Commodoties: coffee, leather products, gold, petroleum products
Partners: EC, Djibouti, Japan, Saudi Arabia, US
Imports: $1.0 billion (c.i.f., FY90)
Commodoties: capital goods, consumer goods, fuel
Partners: EC, Eastern Europe, Japan, US
Reserves of foreign exchange and goldDebt externalStock of direct foreign investment at homeStock of direct foreign investment abroadExchange rates: birr (Br) per US$1 - 5.0000 (fixed rate)
top of pageElectricityProduction: 330,000 kW capacity; 650 million kWh produced, 10 kWh per capita (1991)
CoalPetroleumCrude oilRefined petroleumNatural gasCarbon dioxide emissionsEnergy consumption per capitatop of pageTelephonesTelephone systemBroadcast mediaInternetBroadband fixed subscriptionstop of pageMilitary expendituresPercent of gdp: exchange rate conversion - $NA, NA% of GDP
Military and security forcesMilitary service age and obligationSpace programTerrorist groupstop of pageNational air transport systemCivil aircraft registration country code prefixAirports: 121
Usable: 82
With permanentsurface runways: 9
With runways over 3659 m: 1
With runways 2440-3659 m: 13
With runways 1220-2439 m: 83 (1993 est.)
HeliportsPipelinesRailwaysRoadwaysWaterwaysMerchant marine: none; landlocked
Ports and terminalstop of pageDisputes international:
southern half of the boundary with Somalia is a
Provisional Administrative Line; possible claim by Somalia based on unification of ethnic Somalis; territorial dispute with Somalia over the
Ogaden
Refugees and internally displaced personsIllicit drugs:
transit hub for heroin originating in Southwest and
Southeast Asia and destined for Europe and North America; cultivates qat (chat) for local use and regional export