Statistical information Ethiopia 1993Ethiopia

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Ethiopia in the World

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Ethiopia - Introduction 1993
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Background: on 28 May 1991 the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) toppled the authoritarian government of MENGISTU Haile-Mariam and took control in Addis Ababa.


Ethiopia - Geography 1993
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Location: Eastern Africa, between Somalia and Sudan

Geographic coordinates

Map referenceAfrica, Standard Time Zones of the World

Area
Total: 1,127,127 km²
Land: 1,119,683 km²

Land boundaries: total 5,311 km, Djibouti 337 km, Erithea 912 km, Kenya 830 km, Somalia 1,626 km, Sudan 1,606 km

Coastline: none - landlocked

Maritime claims: none - landlocked

Climate: tropical monsoon with wide topographic-induced variation; some areas prone to extended droughts

Terrain:
high plateau with central mountain range divided by Great Rift
Valley


Elevation

Natural resources: small reserves of gold, platinum, copper, potash
Land use

Land use
Arable land: 12%
Permanent crops: 1%
Meadows and pastures: 41%
Other: 22%

Irrigated land: 1,620 km² (1989 est.)

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal

Total renewable water resources

Natural hazards

Geography


Ethiopia - People 1993
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Population: 53,278,446 (July 1993 est.)
Growth rate: 3.41% (1993 est.)

Nationality
Noun: Ethiopian(s)
Adjective: Ethiopian

Ethnic groups: Oromo 40%, Amhara and Tigrean 32%, Sidamo 9%, Shankella 6%, Somali 6%, Afar 4%, Gurage 2%, other 1%

Languages:
Amharic (official), Tigrinya, Orominga, Guaraginga, Somali,
Arabic, English (major foreign language taught in schools)


Religions: Muslim 45-50%, Ethiopian Orthodox 35-40%, animist 12%, other 5%

Demographic profile
Age structure

Age structure

Dependency ratios

Median age

Population growth rate: 3.41% (1993 est.)

Birth rate: 45.37 births/1000 population (1993 est.)

Death rate: 14.23 deaths/1000 population (1993 est.)

Net migration rate: 2.94 migrant(s)/1000 population (1993 est.)

Population distribution

Urbanization

Major urban areas

Environment
Current issues: geologically active Great Rift Valley susceptible to earthquakes, volcanic eruptions; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; frequent droughts; famine
Current issues note: landlocked - entire coastline along the Red Sea was lost with the de jure independence of Eritrea on 27 April 1993

Air pollutants

Sex ratio

Mothers mean age at first birth

Maternal mortality ratio

Infant mortality rate: 108.8 deaths/1000 live births (1993 est.)

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 52.21 years
Male: 50.6 years
Female: 53.88 years (1993 est.)

Total fertility rate: 6.88 children born/woman (1993 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

Drinking water source

Current health expenditure

Physicians density

Hospital bed density

Sanitation facility access

Hiv/Aids

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate

Alcohol consumption

Tobacco use

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

Education expenditures

Literacy: age 10 and over can read and write (1983)
Total population: 62%
Male: NA%
Female: NA%
By occupation: agriculture and animal husbandry 80%, government and services 12%, industry and construction 8% (1985)

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education

Youth unemployment


Ethiopia - Government 1993
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Country name
Conventional long form: none
Conventional short form: Ethiopia
Local long form: none
Local short form: Ityop'iya

Government type: transitional government; on 28 May 1991 the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) toppled the authoritarian government of MENGISTU Haile-Mariam and took control in Addis Ababa; the Transitional Government of Ethiopia (TGE), announced a two-year transitional period

Capital: Addis Ababa

Administrative divisions:
14 administrative regions (astedader akababiwach, singular - astedader akababi) Addis Ababa, Afar, Amhara,
Benishangul, Gambela, Gurage-Hadiya-Kambata, Harer, Kefa, Omo, Oromo, Sidamo,
Somali, Tigray, Wolayta


Dependent areas

Independence: oldest independent country in Africa and one of the oldest in the world - at least 2,000 years

National holiday: National Day, 28 May (1991) (defeat of Mengistu regime)

Constitution: to be redrafted by 1993

Legal system: NA

International law organization participation

Citizenship

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Executive branch

Legislative branch: unicameral Constituent Assembly

Judicial branch: Supreme Court

Political parties and leaders

International organization participation:
ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA,
IFAD, IFC, IGADD, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, LORCS,
NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO


Diplomatic representation
In the us chief of mission: Ambassador BERHANE Gebre-Christos
In the us chancery: 2,134 Kalorama Road NW, Washington, DC 20,008
In the us telephone: (202) 234-2,281 or 2,282
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador Marc A. BAAS
From the us embassy: Entoto Street, Addis Ababa
From the us mailing address: P. O. Box 1014, Addis Ababa
From the us telephone: 251 (1) 550-666
From the us fax: 251 (1) 551-166

Flag descriptionflag of Ethiopia: three equal horizontal bands of green (top), yellow, and red; Ethiopia is the oldest independent country in Africa, and the colors of her flag were so often adopted by other African countries upon independence that they became known as the pan-African colors

National symbols

National anthem

National heritage


Ethiopia - Economy 1993
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Economy overview: With the independence of Eritrea on 27 April 1993, Ethiopia continues to face difficult economic problems as one of the poorest and least developed countries in Africa. (The accompanying analysis and figures predate the independence of Eritrea.) Its economy is based on subsistence agriculture, which accounts for about 45% of GDP, 90% of exports, and 80% of total employment; coffee generates 60% of export earnings. The manufacturing sector is heavily dependent on inputs from the agricultural sector. Over 90% of large-scale industry, but less than 10% of agriculture, is state run; the government is considering selling off a portion of state-owned plants. Favorable agricultural weather largely explains the 4.5% growth in output in FY89, whereas drought and deteriorating internal security conditions prevented growth in FY90. In 1991 the lack of law and order, particularly in the south, interfered with economic development and growth. In 1992, because of some easing of civil strife and aid from the outside world, the economy substantially improved.

Real gdp purchasing power parity

Real gdp growth rate

Real gdp per capita: $130 (FY92 est.)

Gross national saving
Gdp composition by sector of origin

Gdp composition by end use

Gdp composition by sector of origin

Agriculture products: accounts for 47% of GDP and is the most important sector of the economy even though frequent droughts and poor cultivation practices keep farm output low; famines not uncommon; export crops of coffee and oilseeds grown partly on state farms; estimated 50% of agricultural production at subsistence level; principal crops and livestock - cereals, pulses, coffee, oilseeds, sugarcane, potatoes and other vegetables, hides and skins, cattle, sheep, goats

Industries: food processing, beverages, textiles, chemicals, metals processing, cement

Industrial production growth rate:
growth rate 2.3% (FY89 est.); accounts for 12% of
GDP


Labor force
Labor force

Unemployment rate: NA%

Youth unemployment

Population below poverty line

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget: revenues $1.4 billion; expenditures $2.3 billion, including capital expenditures of $565 million (FY91)

Taxes and other revenues

Public debt

Revenue

Fiscal year: 8 July - 7 July

Inflation rate consumer prices

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares

Current account balance

Exports: $276 million (f.o.b., FY90)
Commodoties: coffee, leather products, gold, petroleum products
Partners: EC, Djibouti, Japan, Saudi Arabia, US

Imports: $1.0 billion (c.i.f., FY90)
Commodoties: capital goods, consumer goods, fuel
Partners: EC, Eastern Europe, Japan, US

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

Debt external

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates: birr (Br) per US$1 - 5.0000 (fixed rate)


Ethiopia - Energy 1993
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Electricity
Production: 330,000 kW capacity; 650 million kWh produced, 10 kWh per capita (1991)

Coal

Petroleum

Crude oil

Refined petroleum

Natural gas

Carbon dioxide emissions

Energy consumption per capita


Ethiopia - Communication 1993
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Telephones

Telephone system

Broadcast media

Internet

Broadband fixed subscriptions


Ethiopia - Military 1993
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Military expenditures
Percent of gdp: exchange rate conversion - $NA, NA% of GDP

Military and security forces

Military service age and obligation

Space program

Terrorist groups


Ethiopia - Transportation 1993
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National air transport system

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

Airports: 121
Usable: 82
With permanentsurface runways: 9
With runways over 3659 m: 1
With runways 2440-3659 m: 13
With runways 1220-2439 m: 83 (1993 est.)

Heliports

Pipelines

Railways

Roadways

Waterways

Merchant marine: none; landlocked

Ports and terminals


Ethiopia - Transnational issues 1993
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Disputes international:
southern half of the boundary with Somalia is a
Provisional Administrative Line; possible claim by Somalia based on unification of ethnic Somalis; territorial dispute with Somalia over the
Ogaden


Refugees and internally displaced persons

Illicit drugs:
transit hub for heroin originating in Southwest and
Southeast Asia and destined for Europe and North America; cultivates qat (chat) for local use and regional export



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