Statistical information Indonesia 1993Indonesia

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Indonesia in the World
Indonesia in the World

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Indonesia - Introduction 1993
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Background: Indonesia declared its independence in 1945 from the Netherlands, a claim disputed, then recognized by the Dutch in 1949. In 1975 Indonesian troops occupied Portuguese East Timor. Current issues include implementing IMF-mandated reforms (particularly restructuring and recapitalizing the insolvent banking sector), effecting a transition to a popularly elected government, addressing longstanding grievances over the role of the ethnic Chinese business class and charges of cronyism and corruption, alleged human rights violations by the military, the role of the military and religion in politics, and growing pressures for some form of independence or autonomy by Aceh, Irian Jaya, and East Timor.


Indonesia - Geography 1993
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Location: Southeast Asia, between Malaysia and Australia

Geographic coordinates

Map referenceOceania, Southeast Asia, Standard Time Zones of the World

Area
Total: 1,919,440 km²
Land: 1,826,440 km²

Land boundaries: total 2,602 km, Malaysia 1,782 km, Papua New Guinea 820 km

Coastline: 54,716 km

Maritime claims: measured from claimed archipelagic baselines
Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Territorial sea: 12 nm

Climate: tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands

Terrain: mostly coastal lowlands; larger islands have interior mountains

Elevation

Natural resources: petroleum, tin, natural gas, nickel, timber, bauxite, copper, fertile soils, coal, gold, silver
Arable land: 8%
Permanent crops: 3%
Meadows and pastures: 7%
Forest and woodland: 67%
Other: 15%
Land use

Land use

Irrigated land: 75,500 km² (1989 est.)

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal

Total renewable water resources

Natural hazards

Geography


Indonesia - People 1993
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Population: 197,232,428 (July 1993 est.)
Growth rate: 1.61% (1993 est.)

Nationality
Noun: Indonesian(s)
Adjective: Indonesian

Ethnic groups:
Javanese 45%, Sundanese 14%, Madurese 7.5%, coastal
Malays 7.5%, other 26%


Languages:
Bahasa Indonesia (modified form of Malay; official), English,
Dutch, local dialects the most widely spoken of which is Javanese


Religions:
Muslim 87%, Protestant 6%, Roman Catholic 3%, Hindu 2%,
Buddhist 1%, other 1% (1985)


Demographic profile
Age structure

Age structure

Dependency ratios

Median age

Population growth rate: 1.61% (1993 est.)

Birth rate: 24.84 births/1000 population (1993 est.)

Death rate: 8.73 deaths/1000 population (1993 est.)

Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1000 population (1993 est.)

Population distribution

Urbanization

Major urban areas

Environment
Current issues: archipelago of 13,500 islands (6,000 inhabited); occasional floods, severe droughts, and tsunamis; deforestation
Current issues note: straddles Equator; strategic location astride or along major sea lanes from Indian Ocean to Pacific Ocean

Air pollutants

Sex ratio

Mothers mean age at first birth

Maternal mortality ratio

Infant mortality rate: 69.6 deaths/1000 live births (1993 est.)

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 60.26 years
Male: 58.28 years
Female: 62.34 years (1993 est.)

Total fertility rate: 2.86 children born/woman (1993 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

Drinking water source

Current health expenditure

Physicians density

Hospital bed density

Sanitation facility access

Hiv/Aids

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate

Alcohol consumption

Tobacco use

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

Education expenditures

Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990)
Male: 84%
Female: 68%

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education

Youth unemployment


Indonesia - Government 1993
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Country name
Conventional long form: Republic of Indonesia
Conventional short form: Indonesia
Local long form: Republik Indonesia
Local short form: Indonesia former name: Netherlands East Indies; Dutch East Indies

Government type: republic

Capital: Jakarta

Administrative divisions:
24 provinces (propinsi-propinsi, singular - propinsi), 2 special regions* (daerah-daerah istimewa, singular - daerah istimewa), and 1 special capital city district** (daerah khusus ibukota);
Aceh*, Bali, Bengkulu, Irian Jaya, Jakarta Raya**, Jambi, Jawa Barat, Jawa
Tengah, Jawa Timur, Kalimantan Barat, Kalimantan Selatan, Kalimantan Tengah,
Kalimantan Timur, Lampung, Maluku, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Nusa Tenggara Timur,
Riau, Sulawesi Selatan, Sulawesi Tengah, Sulawesi Tenggara, Sulawesi Utara,
Sumatera Barat, Sumatera Selatan, Sumatera Utara, Timor Timur, Yogyakarta*


Dependent areas

Independence: 17 August 1945 (proclaimed independence; on 27 December 1949, Indonesia became legally independent from the Netherlands)

National holiday: Independence Day, 17 August (1945)

Constitution:
August 1945, abrogated by Federal Constitution of 1949 and
Provisional Constitution of 1950, restored 5 July 1959


Legal system: based on Roman-Dutch law, substantially modified by indigenous concepts and by new criminal procedures code; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

International law organization participation

Citizenship

Suffrage: 17 years of age; universal and married persons regardless of age
House of Representatives: last held on 8 June 1992 (next to be held NA 1997); results - GOLKAR 68%, PPP 17%, PDI 15%; seats - (500 total, 400 elected, 100 appointed) GOLKAR 282, PPP 62, PDI 56

Executive branch: president, vice president, Cabinet

Legislative branch: unicameral House of Representatives (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat or DPR; note - the People's Consultative Assembly (Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat or MPR) includes the DPR plus 500 indirectly elected members who meet every five years to elect the president and vice president and, theoretically, to determine national policy

Judicial branch: Supreme Court (Mahkamah Agung)

Political parties and leaders

International organization participation:
APEC, AsDB, ASEAN, CCC, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-15, G-19, G-77, GATT,
IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT,
INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, LORCS, NAM, OIC, OPEC, UN,
UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNOSOM, UNTAC, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO,
WTO


Diplomatic representation
In the us chief of mission: Ambassador Abdul Rachman RAMLY
In the us chancery: 2020 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20,036
In the us telephone: (202) 775-5,200
In the us consulates general: Houston, New York, and Los Angeles
In the us consulates: Chicago and San Francisco
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador Robert L. BARRY
From the us embassy: Medan Merdeka Selatan 5, Jakarta
From the us mailing address: APO AP 96,520
From the us telephone: 62 (21) 360-360
From the us fax: 62 (21) 360-644
From the us consulates: Medan, Surabaya

Flag descriptionflag of Indonesia: two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; similar to the flag of Monaco, which is shorter; also similar to the flag of Poland, which is white (top) and red

National symbols

National anthem

National heritage


Indonesia - Economy 1993
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Economy overview: Indonesia is a mixed economy with many socialist institutions rapidly increasing population, it remains a poor country. Real GDP growth in 1985-92 averaged about 6%, quite impressive, but not sufficient to both slash underemployment and absorb the 2.3 million workers annually entering the labor force. Agriculture, including forestry and fishing, is an important sector, accounting for almost 20% of GDP and over 50% of the labor force. The staple crop is rice. Once the world's largest rice importer, Indonesia is now nearly self-sufficient. Plantation crops - rubber and palm oil - and textiles and plywood are being encouraged for both export and job generation. Industrial output now accounts for almost 40% of GDP and is based on a supply of diverse natural resources, including crude oil, natural gas, timber, metals, and coal. Of these, the oil sector dominates the external economy, generating more than 20% of the government's revenues and 40% of export earnings in 1989. However, the economy's growth is highly dependent on the continuing expansion of nonoil exports. Japan remains Indonesia's most important customer and supplier of aid. Rapid growth in the money supply in 1989-90 prompted Jakarta to implement a tight monetary policy in 1991, forcing the private sector to go to foreign banks for investment financing. Real interest rates remained above 10% and off-shore commercial debt grew. The growth in off-shore debt prompted Jakarta to limit foreign borrowing beginning in late 1991. Despite the continued problems in moving toward a more open financial system and the persistence of a fairly tight credit situation, GDP growth in 1992 is estimated to have stayed at 6%.

Real gdp purchasing power parity

Real gdp growth rate: 6% (1992 est.)

Real gdp per capita: $680 (1992 est.)

Gross national saving
Gdp composition by sector of origin

Gdp composition by end use

Gdp composition by sector of origin

Agriculture products: accounts for almost 20% of GDP; subsistence food production; small-holder and plantation production for export; main products are rice, cassava, peanuts, rubber, cocoa, coffee, palm oil, copra, other tropical products, poultry, beef, pork, eggs

Industries: petroleum and natural gas, textiles, mining, cement, chemical

Industrial production growth rate: growth rate 11.6% (1989 est.), accounts for almost 40% of GDP

Labor force: 67 million
By occupation agriculture: 55%
By occupation manufacturing: 10%
By occupation construction: 4%
By occupation transport and communications: 3% (1985est.)
Labor force

Unemployment rate: 3% ; underemployment 45% (1991 est.)

Youth unemployment

Population below poverty line

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget: revenues $17.2 billion; expenditures $23.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $8.9 billion (FY91)

Taxes and other revenues

Public debt

Revenue

Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March

Inflation rate consumer prices

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares

Current account balance

Exports: $29.4 billion (f.o.b., 1991)
Commodoties: petroleum and liquefied natural gas 40%, timber 15%, textiles 7%, rubber 5%, coffee 3%
Partners: Japan 37%, Europe 13%, US 12%, Singapore 8% (1991)

Imports: $24.6 billion (f.o.b., 1991)
Commodoties: machinery 39%, chemical products 19%, manufactured goods 16%
Partners: Japan 25%, Europe 23%, US 13%, Singapore 5% (1991)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

Debt external

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates: Indonesian rupiahs (Rp) per US$1 - 2,064.7 (January 1993), 2,029.9 (1992), 1,950.3 (1991), 1,842.8 (1990), 1,770.1 (1989), 1,685.7 (1988)


Indonesia - Energy 1993
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Electricity
Production: 11,600,000 kW capacity; 38,000 million kWh produced, 200 kWh per capita (1990)

Coal

Petroleum

Crude oil

Refined petroleum

Natural gas

Carbon dioxide emissions

Energy consumption per capita


Indonesia - Communication 1993
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Telephones

Telephone system

Broadcast media

Internet

Broadband fixed subscriptions


Indonesia - Military 1993
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Military expenditures
Percent of gdp: exchange rate conversion - $2.1 billion, 1.5% of GNP (FY93/94 est.)

Military and security forces

Military service age and obligation

Space program

Terrorist groups


Indonesia - Transportation 1993
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National air transport system

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

Airports: 435
Usable: 411
With permanentsurface runways: 119
With runways over 3659 m: 1
With runways 2440-3659 m: 11
With runways 1220-2439 m:
67 good; 763,000 telephones (1986); broadcast stations - 618 AM, 38 FM, 9 TV; satellite earth stations - 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT earth station and 1 Pacific
Ocean INTELSAT earth station; and 1 domestic satellite communications system


Heliports

Pipelines: crude oil 2,505 km; petroleum products 456 km; natural gas 1,703 km (1989)

Railways

Roadways

Waterways: 21,579 km total; Sumatra 5,471 km, Java and Madura 820 km, Kalimantan 10,460 km, Celebes 241 km, Irian Jaya 4,587 km

Merchant marine:
401 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,766,201
GRT/2,642,529 DWT; includes 6 short-sea passenger, 13 passenger-cargo, 238 cargo, 10 container, 4 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 4 vehicle carrier, 78 oil tanker, 6 chemical tanker, 6 liquefied gas, 7 specialized tanker, 1 livestock carrier, 26 bulk, 2 passenger


Ports and terminals


Indonesia - Transnational issues 1993
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Disputes international: sovereignty over Timor Timur (East Timor Province) disputed with Portugal and not recognized by the UN; two islands in dispute with Malaysia

Refugees and internally displaced persons

Illicit drugs: illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade, but not a major player; government actively eradicating plantings and prosecuting traffickers


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