Statistical information Kazakhstan 1993Kazakhstan

Map of Kazakhstan | Geography | People | Government | Economy | Energy | Communication
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Kazakhstan in the World
Kazakhstan in the World

City Sightseeing


Kazakhstan - Introduction 1993
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Background: As a republic within the USSR (1920-91), Kazakhstan suffered greatly from Stalinist purges, from environmental damage, and saw the ethnic Russian portion of its population rise to 37% while other non-Kazakhs made up almost 20%. Current issues include the pace of market reform and privatization; fair and free elections and democratic reform; ethnic differences between Russians and Kazakhs; environmental problems; and how to convert the country's abundant energy resources into a better standard of living.


Kazakhstan - Geography 1993
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Location:
South Asia, between Russia and Uzbekistan, bordering on the
Caspian Sea and the Aral Sea


Geographic coordinates

Map reference:
Asia, Commonwealth of Independent States - Central Asian
States, Standard Time Zones of the World


Area
Total: 2,717,300 km²
Land: 2,669,800 km²

Land boundaries

Coastline: 0 km; Kazakhstan borders the Aral Sea (1,015 km) and the Caspian Sea (1,894 km)

Maritime claims:
landlocked, but boundaries with Uzbekistan in the Sea of
Azov and with Russia, Azerbaijan, and Turkmenistan in the Caspian Sea are yet to be determined


Climate: continental, arid and semiarid

Terrain: extends from the Volga to the Altai Mountains and from the plains in western Siberia to oasis and desert in Central Asia

Elevation

Natural resources: petroleum, coal, iron, manganese, chrome, nickel, cobalt, copper, molybdenum, lead, zinc, bauxite, gold, uranium, iron
Land use

Land use
Arable land: 15%
Permanent crops: 0%
Meadows and pastures: 57%
Forest and woodland: 4%
Other: 24%

Irrigated land: 23,080 km² (1990)

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal

Total renewable water resources

Natural hazards

Geography


Kazakhstan - People 1993
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Population: 17,156,370 (July 1993 est.)
Growth rate: 0.65% (1993 est.)

Nationality
Noun: Kazakhstani(s)
Adjective: Kazakhstani

Ethnic groups:
Kazakh (Qazaq) 41.9%, Russian 37%, Ukrainian 5.2%,
German 4.7%, Uzbek 2.1%, Tatar 2%, other 7.1%


Languages: Kazakh (Qazaq; official language), Russian (language of interethnic communication)

Religions: Muslim 47%, Russian Orthodox 15%, Protestant 2%, other 36%

Demographic profile
Age structure

Age structure

Dependency ratios

Median age

Population growth rate: 0.65% (1993 est.)

Birth rate: 19.55 births/1000 population (1993 est.)

Death rate: 7.95 deaths/1000 population (1993 est.)

Net migration rate: -5.06 migrant(s)/1000 population (1993 est.)

Population distribution

Urbanization

Major urban areas

Environment
Current issues: drying up of Aral Sea is causing increased concentrations of chemical pesticides and natural salts; industrial pollution
Current issues note: landlocked

Air pollutants

Sex ratio

Mothers mean age at first birth

Maternal mortality ratio

Infant mortality rate: 41.8 deaths/1000 live births (1993 est.)

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 67.83 years
Male: 63.17 years

Total fertility rate: 2.45 children born/woman (1993 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

Drinking water source

Current health expenditure

Physicians density

Hospital bed density

Sanitation facility access

Hiv/Aids

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate

Alcohol consumption

Tobacco use

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

Education expenditures

Literacy: age 9-49 can read and write (1970)
Total population: 100%
Male: 100%
Female: 100%

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education

Youth unemployment


Kazakhstan - Government 1993
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Country name
Conventional long form: Republic of Kazakhstan
Conventional short form: Kazakhstan
Local long form: Kazakhstan Respublikasy
Local short form: none
Former: Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic

Government type: republic

Capital: Almaty (Alma-Ata)

Administrative divisions:
19 oblasts (oblystar, singular - oblys) and 1 city (qalalar, singular - qala)*; Almaty*, Almaty, Aqmola, Aqtobe, Atyrau,
Batys Qazaqstan, Kokshetau, Mangghystau, Ongtustik Qazaqstan, Qaraghandy,
Qostanay, Qyzylorda, Pavlodar, Semey, Shyghys Qazaqstan, Soltustik Qazaqstan,
Taldyqorghan, Torghay, Zhambyl, Zhezqazghan,


Dependent areas

Independence: 16 December 1991 (from the Soviet Union)

National holiday: Independence Day, 16 December

Constitution: adopted 18 January 1993

Legal system

International law organization participation

Citizenship

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Executive branch: president, cabinet of ministers, prime minister

Legislative branch: unicameral Supreme Soviet

Judicial branch: Supreme Court

Political parties and leaders

International organization participation:
CIS, CSCE, EBRD, ECO, IBRD, IDA, IMF, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO,
UPU


Diplomatic representation
In the us chief of mission: Ambassador Alim S. DJAMBOURCHINE
In the us chancery: 3,421 Massachusetts Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20,007
In the us telephone: (202) 333-4,504
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador William H. COURTNEY
From the us embassy: Furumanova 99/97, Almaty
From the us mailing address: US Department of State, Washington, D.C. 20,521-7,030
From the us telephone: (3,272) 63-24-26 32 rays soaring above a golden steppe eagle in the center; on the hoist side is a "national ornamentation" in yellow

Flag descriptionflag of Kazakhstan

National symbols

National anthem

National heritage


Kazakhstan - Economy 1993
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Economy overview: The second-largest in area of the 15 former Soviet republics, Kazakhstan has vast oil, coal, and agricultural resources. Kazakhstan is highly dependent on trade with Russia, exchanging its natural resources for finished consumer and industrial goods. Kazakhstan now finds itself with serious pollution problems, backward technology, and little experience in foreign markets. The government in 1992 continued to push privatization of the economy and freed many prices. Output in 1992 dropped because of problems common to the ex-Soviet Central Asian republics, especially the cumulative effects of the disruption of old supply channels and the slow process of creating new economic institutions. Kazakhstan lacks the funds, technology, and managerial skills for a quick recovery of output. US firms have been enlisted to increase oil output but face formidable obstacles; for example, oil can now reach Western markets only through pipelines that run across independent former Soviet republics. Finally, the end of monolithic Communist control has brought ethnic grievances into the open. The 6 million Russians in the republic, formerly the favored class, now face the hostility of a society dominated by Muslims. Ethnic rivalry will be just one of the formidable obstacles to the prioritization of national objectives and the creation of a productive, technologically advancing society.

Real gdp purchasing power parity

Real gdp growth rate: -15% (1992 est.)

Real gdp per capita: $NA

Gross national saving
Gdp composition by sector of origin

Gdp composition by end use

Gdp composition by sector of origin

Agriculture products: accounts for almost 40% of net material product; employs about 25% of the labor force; grain, mostly spring wheat; meat, cotton, wool

Industries: extractive industries (oil, coal, iron ore, manganese, chromite, lead, zinc, copper, titanium, bauxite, gold, silver, phosphates, sulfur), iron and steel, nonferrous metal, tractors and other agricultural machinery, electric motors, construction materials

Industrial production growth rate: growth rate -15% (1992 est.), accounts for 30% of net material product

Labor force: 7.563 million
By occupation industry and construction: 32%
By occupation agriculture and forestry: 23%
By occupation other: 45% (1990)
Labor force

Unemployment rate: 0.4% includes only officially registered unemployed; also large numbers of underemployed workers

Youth unemployment

Population below poverty line

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget: revenues $NA; expenditures $NA, including capital expenditures of $1.76 billion (1991)

Taxes and other revenues

Public debt

Revenue

Fiscal year: calendar year

Inflation rate consumer prices

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares

Current account balance

Exports: $1.5 billion to outside the successor states of the former USSR (1992)
Commodoties: oil, ferrous and nonferrous metals, chemicals, grain, wool, meat (1991)
Partners: Russia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan

Imports: $500 million from outside the successor states of the former USSR (1992)
Commodoties: machinery and parts, industrial materials
Partners: Russia and other former Soviet republics, China

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

Debt external

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates: rubles per US$1 - 415 (24 December 1992) but subject to wide fluctuations


Kazakhstan - Energy 1993
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Electricity

Coal

Petroleum

Crude oil

Refined petroleum

Natural gas

Carbon dioxide emissions

Energy consumption per capita


Kazakhstan - Communication 1993
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Telephones

Telephone system

Broadcast media

Internet

Broadband fixed subscriptions


Kazakhstan - Military 1993
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Military expenditures
Percent of gdp: 69,326 million rubles, NA% of GDP (forecast for 1993; note - conversion of the military budget into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results

Military and security forces

Military service age and obligation

Space program

Terrorist groups


Kazakhstan - Transportation 1993
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National air transport system

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

Airports: 365
Usable: 152
With permanentsurface runways: 49
With runways over 3659 m: 8
With runways 2440-3659 m: 38
With runways 1220-2439 m: 71

Heliports

Pipelines: crude oil 2,850 km, refined products 1,500 km, natural gas 3,480 km (1992)

Railways

Roadways

Waterways: Syr Darya

Merchant marine

Ports and terminals


Kazakhstan - Transnational issues 1993
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Disputes international: none

Refugees and internally displaced persons

Illicit drugs: illicit producers of cannabis and opium; mostly for CIS consumption; limited government eradication program; used as transshipment point for illicit drugs to Western Europe


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