Statistical information Macedonia 1993

Macedonia in the World
top of pageBackground: International recognition of The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia's (FYROM) independence from Yugoslavia in 1991 was delayed by Greece's objection to the new state's use of what it considered a Hellenic name and symbols.
top of pageLocation: Southern Europe, between Serbia and Montenegro and Greece
Geographic coordinatesMap reference:
Ethnic Groups in Eastern Europe, Europe, Standard Time; Zones of the WorldAreaTotal: total: 25,333 km²; land: 24,856 km²
Land boundaries: total 748 km, Albania 151 km, Bulgaria 148 km, Greece 228 km, Serbia and Montenegro 221 km (all with Serbia)
Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims: none; landlocked
Climate: hot, dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall
Terrain: mountainous territory covered with deep basins and valleys; there are three large lakes, each divided by a frontier line
ElevationNatural resources: chromium, lead, zinc, manganese, tungsten, nickel, low-grade iron ore, asbestos, sulphur, timber
Land use: permanent crops: 5%; meadows and pastures: 20%; forest and woodland: 30%; other: 40%
Irrigated land: NA km²
Major riversMajor watersheds area km²Total water withdrawalTotal renewable water resourcesNatural hazardsGeographytop of pagePopulation: 2,193,951 (July 1993 est.)
Growth rate: 0.91% (1993 est.)
Nationality: noun: Macedonian(s); adjective: Macedonian
Ethnic groups: Macedonian 67%, Albanian 21%, Turkish 4%, Serb 2%, other 6%
Languages: Macedonian 70%, Albanian 21%, Turkish 3%, Serbo-Croatian 3%, other 3%; total population: NA%; male: NA%
Religions: Eastern Orthodox 59%, Muslim 26%, Catholic 4%, Protestant 1%, other 10%
Demographic profileAge structureDependency ratiosMedian agePopulation growth rate: 0.91% (1993 est.)
Birth rate: 15.91 births/1000 population (1993 est.)
Death rate: 6.79 deaths/1000 population (1993 est.)
Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1000 population (1993 est.)
Population distributionUrbanizationMajor urban areasEnvironmentCurrent issues: Macedonia suffers from high seismic hazard; air pollution from metallurgical plants; Note: landlocked; major transportation corridor from Western and Central; Europe to Aegean Sea and Southern Europe to Western Europe
Air pollutantsSex ratioMothers mean age at first birthMaternal mortality ratioInfant mortality rate: 29.7 deaths/1000 live births (1993 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 73.19 years; male: 71.15 years; female: 75.41 years (1993 est.)
Total fertility rate: 2 children born/woman (1993 est.)
Contraceptive prevalence rateDrinking water sourceCurrent health expenditurePhysicians densityHospital bed densitySanitation facility accessHiv/AidsMajor infectious diseasesObesity adult prevalence rateAlcohol consumptionTobacco useChildren under the age of 5 years underweightEducation expendituresLiteracySchool life expectancy primary to tertiary educationYouth unemploymenttop of pageCountry name: conventional long form: Republic of Macedonia; conventional short form: Macedonia; local long form: Republika Makedonija; local short form: Makedonija
Government type: emerging democracy
Capital: Skopje
Administrative divisions: 34 districts (opcine, singular - opcina) Berovo,; Bitola, Brod, Debar, Delcevo, Demir Hisar, Gevgelija, Gostivar, Kavadarci,; Kicevo, Kocani, Kratovo, Kriva Palanka, Krusevo, Kumanovo, Negotino, Ohrid,; Prilep, Probistip, Radovis, Resen, Skopje-Centar, Skopje-Cair, Skopje-Karpos,; Skopje-Kisela Voda, Skopje-Gazi Baba, Stip, Struga, Strumica, Sveti Nikole,; Tetovo, Titov Veles, Valandovo, Vinica
Dependent areasIndependence: 20 November 1991 (from Yugoslavia)
National holiday: NA
Constitution: adopted 17 November 1991, effective 20 November 1991
Legal system: based on civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts
International law organization participationCitizenshipSuffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch: president, Council of Ministers, prime minister
Legislative branch: unicameral Assembly (Sobranje)
Judicial branch: Constitutional Court, Judicial Court of the Republic
Political parties and leadersInternational organization participation: EBRD, ICAO, IMF, UN, UNCTAD, WMO
Diplomatic representationIn the us: none; US does not recognize Macedonia
From the us: none; US does not recognize Macedonia
Flag description: 16-point gold sun (Vergino, Sun) centered on a red field
National symbolsNational anthemNational heritagetop of pageEconomy overview: Macedonia, although the poorest among the six republics of a dissolved Yugoslav federation, can meet basic food and energy needs through its own agricultural and coal resources. It will, however, move down toward a bare subsistence level of life unless economic ties are reforged or enlarged with its neighbors Serbia and Montenegro, Albania, Greece, and Bulgaria. The economy depends on outside sources for all of its oil and gas and its modern machinery and parts. Continued political turmoil, both internally and in the region as a whole, prevents any swift readjustments of trade patterns and economic programs. Inflation in early 1992 was out of control, the result of fracturing trade links, the decline in economic activity, and general uncertainties about the future status of the country; prices rose 38% in March 1992 alone. In August 1992, Greece, angry at the use of "Macedonia" as the republic's name, imposed a partial blockade for several months. This blockade, combined with the effects of the UN sanctions on Serbia and Montenegro, cost the economy approximately $1 billion in 1992 according to official figures. Macedonia's geographical isolation, technological backwardness, and potential political instability place it far down the list of countries of interest to Western investors. Resolution of the dispute with Greece and an internal commitment to economic reform would help to encourage foreign investment over the long run. In the immediate future, the worst scenario for the economy would be the spread of fighting across its borders.
Real gdp purchasing power parityReal gdp growth rate: -18% (1991 est.)
Real gdp per capita: $3,110 (1991 est.)
Gross national savingGdp composition by sector of origin
Gdp composition by end useGdp composition by sector of originAgriculture products: provides 12% of GDP and meets the basic need for food; principal crops are rice, tobacco, wheat, corn, and millet; also grown are cotton, sesame, mulberry leaves, citrus fruit, and vegetables; Macedonia is one of the seven legal cultivators of the opium poppy for the world pharmaceutical industry, including some exports to the US; agricultural production is highly labor intensive
Industries: low levels of technology predominate, such as, oil refining by distillation only; produces basic liquid fuels, coal, metallic chromium, lead, zinc, and ferronickel; light industry produces basic textiles, wood products, and tobacco
Industrial production growth rate: growth rate -18% (1991 est.)
Labor force: 507,324; by occupation: agriculture 8%, manufacturing and mining 40% (1990)
Unemployment rate: 20% (1991 est.)
Youth unemploymentPopulation below poverty lineGini indexHousehold income or consumption by percentage shareDistribution of family income gini indexBudgetTaxes and other revenuesPublic debtRevenueFiscal year: calendar year
Inflation rate consumer pricesCentral bank discount rateCommercial bank prime lending rateStock of narrow moneyStock of broad moneyStock of domestic creditMarket value of publicly traded sharesCurrent account balanceExports: $578 million (1990)
Commodoties: manufactured goods 40%, machinery and transport equipment 14%, miscellaneous manufactured articles 23%, raw materials 7.6%, food (rice) and live animals 5.7%, beverages and tobacco 4.5%, chemicals 4.7%
Partners: principally Serbia and Montenegro and the other former Yugoslav republics, Germany, Greece, Albania
Imports: $1,112 million (1990)
Commodoties: fuels and lubricants 19%, manufactured goods 18%, machinery and transport equipment 15%, food and live animals 14%, chemicals 11.4%, raw materials 10%, miscellaneous manufactured articles 8.0%, beverages and tobacco 3.5%
Partners: other former Yugoslav republics, Greece, Albania, Germany,; Bulgaria
Reserves of foreign exchange and goldDebt externalStock of direct foreign investment at homeStock of direct foreign investment abroadExchange rates: denar per US$1 - 240 (January 1991)
top of pageElectricityProduction: 1,600,000 kw capacity; 6,300 million kWh produced, 2,900 kWh per capita (1992)
CoalPetroleumCrude oilRefined petroleumNatural gasCarbon dioxide emissionsEnergy consumption per capitatop of pageTelephonesTelephone systemBroadcast mediaInternetBroadband fixed subscriptionstop of pageMilitary expendituresPercent of gdp: 7 billion denars, NA% of GNP (1993 est.); note - conversion of the military budget into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results
Military and security forcesMilitary service age and obligationSpace programTerrorist groupstop of pageNational air transport systemCivil aircraft registration country code prefixAirports: total: 17; usable: 17; with permanent-surface runways: 9; with runways over 3,659 m: 0; with runways 2,440-3,659 m: 2; with runways 1,220-2,439 m: 2
HeliportsPipelinesRailwaysRoadwaysWaterways: NA km
Merchant marinePorts and terminalstop of pageDisputes international: Greece claims republic's name implies territorial claims against Aegean Macedonia
Refugees and internally displaced personsIllicit drugs: NA