Statistical information Malaysia 1993Malaysia

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Malaysia in the World
Malaysia in the World

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Malaysia - Introduction 1993
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Background: Malaysia was created in 1963 through the merging of Malaya (independent in 1957) and the former British Singapore both of which formed West Malaysia and Sabah and Sarawak in north Borneo which composed East Malaysia. The first three years of independence were marred by hostilities with Indonesia. Singapore seceded from the union in 1965.


Malaysia - Geography 1993
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Location: Southeast Asia, bordering the South China Sea, between Vietnam and Indonesia

Geographic coordinates

Map reference:
Asia, Oceania, Southeast Asia, Standard Time Zones of the
World


Area
Total: total: 329,750 km²

Land boundaries:
total 2,669 km, Brunei 381 km, Indonesia 1,782 km,
Thailand 506 km


Coastline: 4,675 km (Peninsular Malaysia 2,068 km, East Malaysia 2,607 km)
Continental shelf: 200 m depth or to depth of exploitation; specified boundary in the South China Sea
Exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Territorial sea: 12 nm

Maritime claims

Climate: tropical; annual southwest (April to October) and northeast (October to February) monsoons

Terrain: coastal plains rising to hills and mountains

Elevation

Natural resources: tin, petroleum, timber, copper, iron ore, natural gas, bauxite
Land use

Land use
Arable land: 3%
Permanent crops: 10%
Meadows and pastures: 0%
Forest and woodland: 63%
Other: 24%

Irrigated land: 3,420 km² (1989 est.)

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal

Total renewable water resources

Natural hazards

Geography


Malaysia - People 1993
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Population: 18,845,340 (July 1993 est.)
Growth rate: 2.32% (1993 est.)

Nationality
Noun: Malaysian(s)
Adjective: Malaysian

Ethnic groups: Malay and other indigenous 59%, Chinese 32%, Indian 9%
Peninsular Malaysia: Malay (official)
Sabah: Muslim 38%
Sarawak: tribal religion 35%
State of Sabah: English
State of Sarawak: English

Languages

Religions

Demographic profile
Age structure

Age structure

Dependency ratios

Median age

Population growth rate: 2.32% (1993 est.)

Birth rate: 28.93 births/1000 population (1993 est.)

Death rate: 5.77 deaths/1000 population (1993 est.)

Net migration rate

Population distribution

Urbanization

Major urban areas

Environment
Current issues: subject to flooding; air and water pollution
Current issues note:
strategic location along Strait of Malacca and southern South China
Sea


Air pollutants

Sex ratio

Mothers mean age at first birth

Maternal mortality ratio

Infant mortality rate: 26.5 deaths/1000 live births (1993 est.)

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 68.82 years
Male: 65.96 years
Female: 71.81 years (1993 est.)

Total fertility rate: 3.54 children born/woman (1993 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

Drinking water source

Current health expenditure

Physicians density

Hospital bed density

Sanitation facility access

Hiv/Aids

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate

Alcohol consumption

Tobacco use

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

Education expenditures

Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990)
Total population: 78%
Male: 86%
Female: 70%

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education

Youth unemployment


Malaysia - Government 1993
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Country name
Conventional long form: none
Conventional short form: Malaysia
Former: Malayan Union

Government type: constitutional monarchy; Federation of Malaysia formed 9 July 1963; nominally headed by the paramount ruler (king) and a bicameral Parliament; Peninsular Malaysian states

Capital: Kuala Lumpur

Administrative divisions:
13 states (negeri-negeri, singular - negeri) and 2 federal territories* (wilayah-wilayah persekutuan, singular - wilayah persekutuan); Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Labuan*, Melaka, Negeri Sembilan,
Pahang, Perak, Perlis, Pulau Pinang, Sabah, Sarawak, Selangor, Terengganu,
Wilayah Persekutuan*


Dependent areas

Independence: 31 August 1957 (from UK)

National holiday: National Day, 31 August (1957)
Peninsular Malaysia:
National Front, a confederation of 13 political parties dominated by United Malays National Organization Baru (UMNO Baru),
MAHATHIR bin Mohamad; Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA), LING Liong Sik;
Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia, Datuk LIM Keng Yaik; Malaysian Indian Congress (MIC),
Datuk S. Samy VELLU

Sabah: Berjaya Party, Datuk Haji Mohammed NOOR Mansor; Bersatu Sabah (PBS), Joseph Pairin KITINGAN; United Sabah National Organizaton (USNO), leader NA
Sarawak:
coalition Sarawak National Front composed of the Party Pesaka
Bumiputra Bersatu (PBB), Datuk Patinggi Amar Haji Abdul TAIB Mahmud; Sarawak
United People's Party (SUPP), Datuk Amar James WONG Soon Kai; Sarawak National
Party (SNAP), Datuk Amar James WONG; Parti Bansa Dayak Sarawak (PBDS), Datuk
Leo MOGGIE; major opposition parties are Democratic Action Party (DAP), LIM
Kit Siang and Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS), Fadzil NOOR


Constitution: 31 August 1957, amended 16 September 1963

Legal system: based on English common law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court at request of supreme head of the federation; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

International law organization participation

Citizenship

Suffrage: 21 years of age; universal

Executive branch: paramount ruler, deputy paramount ruler, prime minister, deputy prime minister, Cabinet

Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament (Parlimen) consists of an upper house or Senate (Dewan Negara) and a lower house or House of Representatives (Dewan Rakyat)

Judicial branch: Supreme Court

Political parties and leaders

International organization participation:
APEC, AsDB, ASEAN, C, CCC, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-15, G-77, GATT,
IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT,
INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, LORCS, MINURSO, NAM, OIC, UN, UNAVEM II,
UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNOMOZ, UNTAC, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO


Diplomatic representation
In the us chief of mission: Ambassador Abdul MAJID Mohamed
In the us chancery: 2,401 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20,008
In the us telephone: (202) 328-2,700
In the us consulates general: Los Angeles and New York
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador John S. WOLF
From the us embassy: 376 Jalan Tun Razak, 50,400 Kuala Lumpur
From the us mailing address: P. O. Box No. 10,035, 50,700 Kuala Lumpur
From the us telephone: 60 (3) 248-9,011
From the us fax: 60 (3) 242-2,207

Flag descriptionflag of Malaysia: fourteen equal horizontal stripes of red (top) alternating with white (bottom; there is a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner bearing a yellow crescent and a yellow fourteen-pointed star; the crescent and the star are traditional symbols of Islam; the design was based on the flag of the US

National symbols

National anthem

National heritage


Malaysia - Economy 1993
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Economy overview: The Malaysian economy, a mixture of private enterprise and a soundly managed public sector, has posted a remarkable record of 8%-9% average growth in 1987-92. This growth has resulted in a substantial reduction in poverty and a marked rise in real wages. Despite sluggish growth in the major world economies in 1992, demand for Malaysian goods remained strong and foreign investors continued to commit large sums in the economy. The government is aware of the inflationary potential of this rapid development and is closely monitoring fiscal and monetary policies.

Real gdp purchasing power parity

Real gdp growth rate: 8% (1992 est.)

Real gdp per capita: $2,960 (1992 est.)

Gross national saving
Gdp composition by sector of origin

Gdp composition by end use

Gdp composition by sector of origin

Agriculture products: accounts for 20% of GDP
Peninsular Malaysia: natural rubber, palm oil, rice
Sabah: mainly subsistence, but also rubber, timber, coconut, rice
Sarawak: rubber, timber, pepper; deficit of rice in all areas; fish catch of 608,000 metric tons in 1987

Industries

Industrial production growth rate: growth rate 13% (1992; accounts for NA% of GDP

Labor force: 7.258 million (1991 est.)
Labor force

Unemployment rate: 4.1% (1992 est.)

Youth unemployment

Population below poverty line

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget: revenues $15.6 billion; expenditures $18.0 billion, including capital expenditures of $4.5 billion (1992 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

Public debt

Revenue

Fiscal year: calendar year
Peninsular Malaysia: 3,209 km
Sabah: 1,569 km
Sarawak: 2,518 km

Inflation rate consumer prices

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares

Current account balance

Exports
Commodoties: electronic equipment, palm oil, petroleum and petroleum products, wood and wood products, rubber, textiles
Partners: Singapore 23%, US 18.6%, Japan 13.2%, UK 4%, Germany 4%

Imports: $39.1 billion (f.o.b., 1992)
Commodoties: food, consumer goods, petroleum products, chemicals, capital equipment
Partners: Japan 26%, US 15.8%, Singapore 15.7%, Taiwan 5.6%, Germany 4.2%

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

Debt external

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates: ringgits (M$) per US$1 - 2.6238 (January 1993), 2.5475 (1992), 2.7501 (1991), 1.7048 (1990), 2.7088 (1989), 2.6188 (1988)


Malaysia - Energy 1993
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Electricity
Production: 8,000,000 kW capacity; 30,000 million kWh produced, 1,610 kWh per capita (1992)
Production Peninsular Malaysia: rubber and oil palm processing and manufacturing, light manufacturing industry, electronics, tin mining and smelting, logging and processing timber
Production Sabah: logging, petroleum production
Production Sarawak: agriculture processing, petroleum production and refining, logging

Coal

Petroleum

Crude oil

Refined petroleum

Natural gas

Carbon dioxide emissions

Energy consumption per capita


Malaysia - Communication 1993
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Telephones

Telephone system

Broadcast media

Internet

Broadband fixed subscriptions


Malaysia - Military 1993
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Military expenditures
Percent of gdp:
exchange rate conversion - $2.4 billion, about 5% of
GDP (1992)


Military and security forces

Military service age and obligation

Space program

Terrorist groups


Malaysia - Transportation 1993
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National air transport system

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

Airports: 111
Usable: 102
With permanentsurface runways: 32
With runways over 3659 m: 1
With runways 2440-3659 m: 7
With runways 1220-2439 m: 18

Heliports

Pipelines: crude oil 1,307 km; natural gas 379 km

Railways

Roadways

Waterways

Merchant marine:
184 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,869,817
GRT/2,786,765 DWT; includes 1 passenger-cargo, 2 short-sea passenger, 71 cargo, 28 container, 2 vehicle carrier, 2 roll-on/roll-off, 1 livestock carrier, 38 oil tanker, 6 chemical tanker, 6 liquefied gas, 27 bulk


Ports and terminals


Malaysia - Transnational issues 1993
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Disputes international:
involved in a complex dispute over the Spratly
Islands with China, Philippines, Taiwan, Vietnam, and possibly Brunei; State of Sabah claimed by the Philippines; Brunei may wish to purchase the Malaysian salient that divides Brunei into two parts; two islands in dispute with
Singapore; two islands in dispute with Indonesia


Refugees and internally displaced persons

Illicit drugs:
transit point for Golden Triangle heroin going to the US,
Western Europe, and the Third World



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