Statistical information Mali 1993

Mali in the World
top of pageBackground: The Sudanese Republic and Senegal became independent of France in 1960 as the Mali Federation. When Senegal withdrew after only a few months the Sudanese Republic was renamed Mali. Rule by dictatorship was brought to a close in 1991 with a transitional government and in 1992 when Mali's first democratic presidential election was held.
top of pageLocation: Western Africa, between Mauritania and Niger
Geographic coordinatesMap referenceAreaTotal: 1.24 million km²
Land: 1.22 million km²
Land boundaries:
total 7,243 km, Algeria 1,376 km, Burkina 1,000 km,
Guinea 858 km, Cote d'Ivoire 532 km, Mauritania 2,237 km, Niger 821 km,
Senegal 419 km
Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims: none; landlocked
Climate: subtropical to arid; hot and dry February to June; rainy, humid, and mild June to November; cool and dry November to February
Terrain: mostly flat to rolling northern plains covered by sand; savanna in south, rugged hills in northeast
ElevationNatural resources: gold, phosphates, kaolin, salt, limestone, uranium, bauxite, iron ore, manganese, tin, and copper deposits are known but not exploited
Land useArable land: 2%
Permanent crops: 0%
Meadows and pastures: 25%
Forest and woodland: 7%
Other: 66%
Irrigated land: 50 km² (1989 est.)
Major riversMajor watersheds area km²Total water withdrawalTotal renewable water resourcesNatural hazardsGeographytop of pagePopulation: 8,868,617 (July 1993 est.)
Growth rate: 2.66% (1993 est.)
NationalityNoun: Malian(s)
Adjective: Malian
Ethnic groups:
Mande 50% (Bambara, Malinke, Sarakole), Peul 17%,
Voltaic 12%, Songhai 6%, Tuareg and Moor 10%, other 5%
Languages: French (official), Bambara 80%, numerous African languages
Religions: Muslim 90%, indigenous beliefs 9%, Christian 1%
Demographic profileAge structureDependency ratiosMedian agePopulation growth rate: 2.66% (1993 est.)
Birth rate: 51.73 births/1000 population (1993 est.)
Death rateNet migration rate: -4.35 migrant(s)/1000 population (1993 est.)
Population distributionUrbanizationMajor urban areasEnvironmentCurrent issues: hot, dust-laden harmattan; haze common during dry seasons; desertification
Current issues note: landlocked
Air pollutantsSex ratioMothers mean age at first birthMaternal mortality ratioInfant mortality rate: 108 deaths/1000 live births (1993 est.)
Life expectancy at birthTotal population: 45.45 years
Male: 43.89 years
Female: 47.06 years (1993 est.)
Total fertility rate: 7.33 children born/woman (1993 est.)
Contraceptive prevalence rateDrinking water sourceCurrent health expenditurePhysicians densityHospital bed densitySanitation facility accessHiv/AidsMajor infectious diseasesObesity adult prevalence rateAlcohol consumptionTobacco useChildren under the age of 5 years underweightEducation expendituresLiteracy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990)
Total population: 32%
Male: 41%
Female: 24%
School life expectancy primary to tertiary educationYouth unemploymenttop of pageCountry nameConventional long form: Republic of Mali
Conventional short form: Mali
Local long form: Republique de Mali
Local short form: Mali
Former: French Sudan
Government type: republic
CapitalAdministrative divisions:
8 regions (regions, singular - region); Gao,
Kayes, Kidal, Koulikoro, Mopti, Segou, Sikasso, Tombouctou
Dependent areasIndependence: 22 September 1960 (from France)
National holiday:
Anniverary of the Proclamation of the Republic, 22
September (1960)
Constitution:
new constitution adopted in constitutional referendum in
January 1992
Legal system: based on French civil law system and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Section of Court of State; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
International law organization participationCitizenshipSuffrage: 21 years of age; universal
Executive branch: Transition Committee for the Salvation of the People (CTSP) composed of 25 members, predominantly civilian
Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly
Judicial branch: Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)
Political parties and leadersInternational organization participation:
ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEAO, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA,
IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU,
LORCS, NAM, OAU, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WADB, WCL, WHO, WIPO,
WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representationIn the us chancery: 2,130 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20,008
In the us telephone: (202) 332-2,249 or 939-8,950
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador Herbert Donald GELBER
From the us embassy: Rue Rochester NY and Rue Mohamed V., Bamako
From the us mailing address: B. P. 34, Bamako
From the us telephone: 223 225,470
From the us fax: 233 228,059
Flag description
: three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), yellow, and red; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia
National symbolsNational anthemNational heritagetop of pageEconomy overview: Mali is among the poorest countries in the world, with about 70% of its land area desert or semidesert. Economic activity is largely confined to the riverine area irrigated by the Niger. About 10% of the population live as nomads and some 80% of the labor force is engaged in agriculture and fishing. Industrial activity is concentrated on processing farm commodities. In consultation with international lending agencies, the government has adopted a structural adjustment program for 1992-95, aiming at GDP annual growth of 4.6%, inflation of no more than 2.5% on average, and a substantial reduction in the external current account deficit.
Real gdp purchasing power parityReal gdp growth rate: -0.2% (1991 est.)
Real gdp per capita: $265 (1991 est.)
Gross national savingGdp composition by sector of origin
Gdp composition by end useGdp composition by sector of originAgriculture products: accounts for 50% of GDP; most production based on small subsistence farms; cotton and livestock products account for over 70% of exports; other crops - millet, rice, corn, vegetables, peanuts; livestock - cattle, sheep, goats
Industries: small local consumer goods and processing, construction, phosphate, gold, fishing
Industrial production growth rateLabor force: 2.666 million (1986 est.)
By occupation agriculture: 80%
By occupation services: 19%
By occupation industry and commerce:1% (1981)
50% of population of working age (1985)
Unemployment rate: NA%
Youth unemploymentPopulation below poverty lineGini indexHousehold income or consumption by percentage shareDistribution of family income gini indexBudget: revenues $329 million; expenditures $519 million, including capital expenditures of $178 (1989 est.)
Taxes and other revenuesPublic debtRevenueFiscal year: calendar year
Inflation rate consumer pricesCentral bank discount rateCommercial bank prime lending rateStock of narrow moneyStock of broad moneyStock of domestic creditMarket value of publicly traded sharesCurrent account balanceExports: $320 million (f.o.b., 1991 est.)
Commodoties: livestock, peanuts, dried fish, cotton, skins
Partners: mostly franc zone and Western Europe
Imports: $390 million (f.o.b., 1991 est.)
Commodoties: textiles, vehicles, petroleum products, machinery, sugar, cereals
Partners: mostly franc zone and Western Europe
Reserves of foreign exchange and goldDebt externalStock of direct foreign investment at homeStock of direct foreign investment abroadExchange rates: Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 274.06 (January 1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990), 319.01 (1989), 297.85 (1988)
top of pageElectricityProduction: 260,000 kW capacity; 750 million kWh produced, 90 kWh per capita (1991)
CoalPetroleumCrude oilRefined petroleumNatural gasCarbon dioxide emissionsEnergy consumption per capitaMali - Communication 1993
top of pageTelephonesTelephone systemBroadcast mediaInternetBroadband fixed subscriptionstop of pageMilitary expendituresPercent of gdp: exchange rate conversion - $41 million, 2% of GDP (1989)
Military and security forcesMilitary service age and obligationSpace programTerrorist groupsMali - Transportation 1993
top of pageNational air transport systemCivil aircraft registration country code prefixAirports: 34
Usable: 27
With permanentsurface runways: 8
With runways over 3659 m: 0
With runways 2440-3659 m: 5
With runways 1220-2439 m: 10
HeliportsPipelinesRailwaysRoadwaysWaterways: 1,815 km navigable
Merchant marinePorts and terminalsMali - Transnational issues 1993
top of pageDisputes international:
the disputed international boundary between
Burkina and Mali was submitted to the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in
October 1983 and the ICJ issued its final ruling in December 1986, which both sides agreed to accept; Burkina and Mali are proceeding with boundary demarcation, including the tripoint with Niger
Refugees and internally displaced personsIllicit drugs