Statistical information Mali 1993Mali

Map of Mali | Geography | People | Government | Economy | Energy | Communication
Military | Transportation | Transnational Issues | Year:  | More stats

Mali in the World
Mali in the World

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Mali - Introduction 1993
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Background: The Sudanese Republic and Senegal became independent of France in 1960 as the Mali Federation. When Senegal withdrew after only a few months the Sudanese Republic was renamed Mali. Rule by dictatorship was brought to a close in 1991 with a transitional government and in 1992 when Mali's first democratic presidential election was held.


Mali - Geography 1993
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Location: Western Africa, between Mauritania and Niger

Geographic coordinates

Map reference

Area
Total: 1.24 million km²
Land: 1.22 million km²

Land boundaries:
total 7,243 km, Algeria 1,376 km, Burkina 1,000 km,
Guinea 858 km, Cote d'Ivoire 532 km, Mauritania 2,237 km, Niger 821 km,
Senegal 419 km


Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)

Maritime claims: none; landlocked

Climate: subtropical to arid; hot and dry February to June; rainy, humid, and mild June to November; cool and dry November to February

Terrain: mostly flat to rolling northern plains covered by sand; savanna in south, rugged hills in northeast

Elevation

Natural resources: gold, phosphates, kaolin, salt, limestone, uranium, bauxite, iron ore, manganese, tin, and copper deposits are known but not exploited
Land use

Land use
Arable land: 2%
Permanent crops: 0%
Meadows and pastures: 25%
Forest and woodland: 7%
Other: 66%

Irrigated land: 50 km² (1989 est.)

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal

Total renewable water resources

Natural hazards

Geography


Mali - People 1993
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Population: 8,868,617 (July 1993 est.)
Growth rate: 2.66% (1993 est.)

Nationality
Noun: Malian(s)
Adjective: Malian

Ethnic groups:
Mande 50% (Bambara, Malinke, Sarakole), Peul 17%,
Voltaic 12%, Songhai 6%, Tuareg and Moor 10%, other 5%


Languages: French (official), Bambara 80%, numerous African languages

Religions: Muslim 90%, indigenous beliefs 9%, Christian 1%

Demographic profile
Age structure

Age structure

Dependency ratios

Median age

Population growth rate: 2.66% (1993 est.)

Birth rate: 51.73 births/1000 population (1993 est.)

Death rate

Net migration rate: -4.35 migrant(s)/1000 population (1993 est.)

Population distribution

Urbanization

Major urban areas

Environment
Current issues: hot, dust-laden harmattan; haze common during dry seasons; desertification
Current issues note: landlocked

Air pollutants

Sex ratio

Mothers mean age at first birth

Maternal mortality ratio

Infant mortality rate: 108 deaths/1000 live births (1993 est.)

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 45.45 years
Male: 43.89 years
Female: 47.06 years (1993 est.)

Total fertility rate: 7.33 children born/woman (1993 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

Drinking water source

Current health expenditure

Physicians density

Hospital bed density

Sanitation facility access

Hiv/Aids

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate

Alcohol consumption

Tobacco use

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

Education expenditures

Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990)
Total population: 32%
Male: 41%
Female: 24%

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education

Youth unemployment


Mali - Government 1993
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Country name
Conventional long form: Republic of Mali
Conventional short form: Mali
Local long form: Republique de Mali
Local short form: Mali
Former: French Sudan

Government type: republic

Capital

Administrative divisions:
8 regions (regions, singular - region); Gao,
Kayes, Kidal, Koulikoro, Mopti, Segou, Sikasso, Tombouctou


Dependent areas

Independence: 22 September 1960 (from France)

National holiday:
Anniverary of the Proclamation of the Republic, 22
September (1960)


Constitution:
new constitution adopted in constitutional referendum in
January 1992


Legal system: based on French civil law system and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Section of Court of State; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

International law organization participation

Citizenship

Suffrage: 21 years of age; universal

Executive branch: Transition Committee for the Salvation of the People (CTSP) composed of 25 members, predominantly civilian

Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly

Judicial branch: Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)

Political parties and leaders

International organization participation:
ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEAO, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA,
IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU,
LORCS, NAM, OAU, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WADB, WCL, WHO, WIPO,
WMO, WTO


Diplomatic representation
In the us chancery: 2,130 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20,008
In the us telephone: (202) 332-2,249 or 939-8,950
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador Herbert Donald GELBER
From the us embassy: Rue Rochester NY and Rue Mohamed V., Bamako
From the us mailing address: B. P. 34, Bamako
From the us telephone: 223 225,470
From the us fax: 233 228,059

Flag descriptionflag of Mali: three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), yellow, and red; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia

National symbols

National anthem

National heritage


Mali - Economy 1993
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Economy overview: Mali is among the poorest countries in the world, with about 70% of its land area desert or semidesert. Economic activity is largely confined to the riverine area irrigated by the Niger. About 10% of the population live as nomads and some 80% of the labor force is engaged in agriculture and fishing. Industrial activity is concentrated on processing farm commodities. In consultation with international lending agencies, the government has adopted a structural adjustment program for 1992-95, aiming at GDP annual growth of 4.6%, inflation of no more than 2.5% on average, and a substantial reduction in the external current account deficit.

Real gdp purchasing power parity

Real gdp growth rate: -0.2% (1991 est.)

Real gdp per capita: $265 (1991 est.)

Gross national saving
Gdp composition by sector of origin

Gdp composition by end use

Gdp composition by sector of origin

Agriculture products: accounts for 50% of GDP; most production based on small subsistence farms; cotton and livestock products account for over 70% of exports; other crops - millet, rice, corn, vegetables, peanuts; livestock - cattle, sheep, goats

Industries: small local consumer goods and processing, construction, phosphate, gold, fishing

Industrial production growth rate

Labor force: 2.666 million (1986 est.)
By occupation agriculture: 80%
By occupation services: 19%
By occupation industry and commerce:
1% (1981)
50% of population of working age (1985)

Labor force

Unemployment rate: NA%

Youth unemployment

Population below poverty line

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget: revenues $329 million; expenditures $519 million, including capital expenditures of $178 (1989 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

Public debt

Revenue

Fiscal year: calendar year

Inflation rate consumer prices

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares

Current account balance

Exports: $320 million (f.o.b., 1991 est.)
Commodoties: livestock, peanuts, dried fish, cotton, skins
Partners: mostly franc zone and Western Europe

Imports: $390 million (f.o.b., 1991 est.)
Commodoties: textiles, vehicles, petroleum products, machinery, sugar, cereals
Partners: mostly franc zone and Western Europe

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

Debt external

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates: Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 274.06 (January 1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990), 319.01 (1989), 297.85 (1988)


Mali - Energy 1993
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Electricity
Production: 260,000 kW capacity; 750 million kWh produced, 90 kWh per capita (1991)

Coal

Petroleum

Crude oil

Refined petroleum

Natural gas

Carbon dioxide emissions

Energy consumption per capita


Mali - Communication 1993
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Telephones

Telephone system

Broadcast media

Internet

Broadband fixed subscriptions


Mali - Military 1993
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Military expenditures
Percent of gdp: exchange rate conversion - $41 million, 2% of GDP (1989)

Military and security forces

Military service age and obligation

Space program

Terrorist groups


Mali - Transportation 1993
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National air transport system

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

Airports: 34
Usable: 27
With permanentsurface runways: 8
With runways over 3659 m: 0
With runways 2440-3659 m: 5
With runways 1220-2439 m: 10

Heliports

Pipelines

Railways

Roadways

Waterways: 1,815 km navigable

Merchant marine

Ports and terminals


Mali - Transnational issues 1993
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Disputes international:
the disputed international boundary between
Burkina and Mali was submitted to the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in
October 1983 and the ICJ issued its final ruling in December 1986, which both sides agreed to accept; Burkina and Mali are proceeding with boundary demarcation, including the tripoint with Niger


Refugees and internally displaced persons

Illicit drugs


Condor


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