Statistical information Mongolia 1993

Mongolia in the World
top of pageBackground: Long a province of China Mongolia won its independence in 1921 with Soviet backing. A communist regime was installed in 1924. During the early 1990s the ex-communist Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP) gradually yielded its monopoly on power.
top of pageLocation: East Central Asia, between China and Russia
Geographic coordinatesMap reference:
Asia, Standard Time Zones of the WorldAreaTotal: 1.565 million km²
Land: 1.565 million km²
Land boundaries: total 8,114 km, China 4,673 km, Russia 3,441 km
Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims: none; landlocked
Climate: desert; continental (large daily and seasonal temperature ranges)
Terrain: vast semidesert and desert plains; mountains in west and southwest; Gobi Desert in southeast
ElevationNatural resources: oil, coal, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, phosphates, tin, nickel, zinc, wolfram, fluorspar, gold
Land useArable land: 1%
Permanent crops: 0%
Forest and woodland: 10%
Other: 10%
Irrigated land: 770 km² (1989)
Major riversMajor watersheds area km²Total water withdrawalTotal renewable water resourcesNatural hazardsGeographytop of pagePopulation: 2,367,054 (July 1993 est.)
Growth rate: 2.62% (1993 est.)
NationalityNoun: Mongolian(s)
Adjective: Mongolian
Ethnic groups: Mongol 90%, Kazakh 4%, Chinese 2%, Russian 2%, other 2%
Languages: Khalkha Mongol 90%, Turkic, Russian, Chinese
Total population: NA%
Male: NA%
Female: NA%
Religions: predominantly Tibetan Buddhist, Muslim 4%
Demographic profileAge structureDependency ratiosMedian agePopulation growth rate: 2.62% (1993 est.)
Birth rate: 33.41 births/1000 population (1993 est.)
Death rate: 7.16 deaths/1000 population (1993 est.)
Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1000 population (1993 est.)
Population distributionUrbanizationMajor urban areasEnvironmentCurrent issues: harsh and rugged
Current issues note: landlocked; strategic location between China and Russia
Air pollutantsSex ratioMothers mean age at first birthMaternal mortality ratioInfant mortality rate: 44.9 deaths/1000 live births (1993 est.)
Life expectancy at birthTotal population: 65.77 years
Male: 63.53 years
Female: 68.13 years (1993 est.)
Total fertility rate: 4.41 children born/woman (1993 est.)
Contraceptive prevalence rateDrinking water sourceCurrent health expenditurePhysicians densityHospital bed densitySanitation facility accessHiv/AidsMajor infectious diseasesObesity adult prevalence rateAlcohol consumptionTobacco useChildren under the age of 5 years underweightEducation expendituresLiteracySchool life expectancy primary to tertiary educationYouth unemploymenttop of pageCountry nameConventional long form: none
Conventional short form: Mongolia
Local long form: none
Local short form: Mongol Uls
Former: Outer Mongolia
Government type: republic
Capital: Ulaanbaatar
Administrative divisions:
18 provinces (aymguud, singular - aymag) and 3 municipalities* (hotuud, singular - hot); Arhangay, Bayanhongor, Bayan-Olgiy,
Bulgan, Darhan*, Dornod, Dornogovi, Dundgovi, Dzavhan, Erdenet*, Govi-Altay,
Hentiy, Hovd, Hovsgol, Omnogovi, Ovorhangay, Selenge, Suhbaatar, Tov,
Ulaanbaatar*, Uvs
Dependent areasIndependence: 13 March 1921 (from China)
National holiday: National Day, 11 July (1921)
Constitution: adopted 13 January 1992
Legal system: blend of Russian, Chinese, and Turkish systems of law; no constitutional provision for judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
International law organization participationCitizenshipSuffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch: president, vice president, prime minister, first deputy prime minister, cabinet
Legislative branch: unicameral State Great Hural
Judicial branch: Supreme Court serves as appeals court for people's and provincial courts, but to date rarely overturns verdicts of lower courts
Political parties and leadersInternational organization participation:
AsDB, CCC, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO,
IMF, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, LORCS, NAM (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO,
UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representationIn the us chief of mission: Ambassador Luvsandorj DAWAGIV
In the us chancery: NA
In the us telephone: (301) 983-1962
In the us fax: (301) 983-2025
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador Joseph E. LAKE
From the us embassy: address NA, Ulaanbaatar
From the us mailing address:Ulaanbaatar, c/o American Embassy Beijing, Micro Region
II, Big Rind Road; PSC 461, Box 300, FPO AP 96,521-0002
From the us telephone: 976 (1) 329,095, 329,606
From the us fax: Telex 80,079,253 AMEMB MH
Flag description
: three equal, vertical bands of red (hoist side), blue, and red, centered on the hoist-side red band in yellow is the national emblem ("soyombo" - a columnar arrangement of abstract and geometric representation for fire, sun, moon, earth, water, and the yin-yang symbol)
National symbolsNational anthemNational heritagetop of pageEconomy overview: Mongolia's severe climate, scattered population, and wide expanses of unproductive land have constrained economic development. Economic activity traditionally has been based on agriculture and the breeding of livestock - Mongolia has the highest number of livestock per person in the tungsten, and gold account for a large part of industrial production. Timber and fishing are also important sectors. In 1992 the Mongolian leadership continued its struggle with severe economic dislocations, mainly attributable to the crumbling of the USSR, by far Mongolia's leading trade and development partner. Moscow cut almost all aid in 1991, and little was provided in 1992. Industry in 1992 was hit hard by energy shortages, mainly due to disruptions in coal production and shortfalls in petroleum imports. By the end of the year, the country was perilously close to a complete shutdown of its centralized energy supply system, due to critical coal shortages. The government is moving away from the Soviet-style, centrally planned economy through privatization and price reform.
Real gdp purchasing power parityReal gdp growth rate: -15% (1992 est.)
Real gdp per capita: $800 (1992 est.)
Gross national savingGdp composition by sector of origin
Gdp composition by end useGdp composition by sector of originAgriculture products: accounts for about 20% of GDP and provides livelihood for about 50% of the population; livestock raising predominates (primarily sheep and goats, but also cattle, camels, and horses; crops - wheat, barley, potatoes, forage
Industries: copper, processing of animal products, building materials, food and beverage, mining (particularly coal)
Industrial production growth rate: growth rate -15% (1992 est.)
Labor force: NA
By occupation: primarily herding/agricultural
Unemployment rate: 15% (1991 est.)
Youth unemploymentPopulation below poverty lineGini indexHousehold income or consumption by percentage shareDistribution of family income gini indexBudget: deficit of $67 million (1991)
Taxes and other revenuesPublic debtRevenueFiscal year: calendar year
Inflation rate consumer pricesCentral bank discount rateCommercial bank prime lending rateStock of narrow moneyStock of broad moneyStock of domestic creditMarket value of publicly traded sharesCurrent account balanceExports: $347 million (f.o.b., 1991 est.)
Commodoties: copper, livestock, animal products, cashmere, wool, hides, fluorspar, other nonferrous metals
Partners: USSR 75%, China 10%, Japan 4%
Imports: $501 million (f.o.b., 1991 est.)
Commodoties: machinery and equipment, fuels, food products, industrial consumer goods, chemicals, building materials, sugar, tea
Partners: USSR 75%, Austria 5%, China 5%
Reserves of foreign exchange and goldDebt externalStock of direct foreign investment at homeStock of direct foreign investment abroadExchange rates: tughriks (Tug) per US$1 - 40 (1992), 7.1 (1991), 5.63 (1990), 3.00 (1989)
top of pageElectricityProduction: 1,248,000 kW capacity; 3,740 million kWh produced, 1,622 kWh per capita (1992)
CoalPetroleumCrude oilRefined petroleumNatural gasCarbon dioxide emissionsEnergy consumption per capitatop of pageTelephonesTelephone systemBroadcast mediaInternetBroadband fixed subscriptionstop of pageMilitary expendituresPercent of gdp: exchange rate conversion - $22.8 million of GDP, 1% of GDP (1992)
Military and security forcesMilitary service age and obligationSpace programTerrorist groupstop of pageNational air transport systemCivil aircraft registration country code prefixAirports: 81
Usable: 31
With permanentsurface runways: 11
With runways over 3659 m: fewer than 5
With runways 2440-3659 m: fewer than 20
With runways 1220-2439 m: 12
HeliportsPipelinesRailwaysRoadwaysWaterways: 397 km of principal routes (1988)
Merchant marinePorts and terminalstop of pageDisputes international: none
Refugees and internally displaced personsIllicit drugs