Statistical information Mongolia 1993Mongolia

Map of Mongolia | Geography | People | Government | Economy | Energy | Communication
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Mongolia in the World
Mongolia in the World

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Mongolia - Introduction 1993
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Background: Long a province of China Mongolia won its independence in 1921 with Soviet backing. A communist regime was installed in 1924. During the early 1990s the ex-communist Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP) gradually yielded its monopoly on power.


Mongolia - Geography 1993
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Location: East Central Asia, between China and Russia

Geographic coordinates

Map referenceAsia, Standard Time Zones of the World

Area
Total: 1.565 million km²
Land: 1.565 million km²

Land boundaries: total 8,114 km, China 4,673 km, Russia 3,441 km

Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)

Maritime claims: none; landlocked

Climate: desert; continental (large daily and seasonal temperature ranges)

Terrain: vast semidesert and desert plains; mountains in west and southwest; Gobi Desert in southeast

Elevation

Natural resources: oil, coal, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, phosphates, tin, nickel, zinc, wolfram, fluorspar, gold
Land use

Land use
Arable land: 1%
Permanent crops: 0%
Forest and woodland: 10%
Other: 10%

Irrigated land: 770 km² (1989)

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal

Total renewable water resources

Natural hazards

Geography


Mongolia - People 1993
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Population: 2,367,054 (July 1993 est.)
Growth rate: 2.62% (1993 est.)

Nationality
Noun: Mongolian(s)
Adjective: Mongolian

Ethnic groups: Mongol 90%, Kazakh 4%, Chinese 2%, Russian 2%, other 2%

Languages: Khalkha Mongol 90%, Turkic, Russian, Chinese
Total population: NA%
Male: NA%
Female: NA%

Religions: predominantly Tibetan Buddhist, Muslim 4%

Demographic profile
Age structure

Age structure

Dependency ratios

Median age

Population growth rate: 2.62% (1993 est.)

Birth rate: 33.41 births/1000 population (1993 est.)

Death rate: 7.16 deaths/1000 population (1993 est.)

Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1000 population (1993 est.)

Population distribution

Urbanization

Major urban areas

Environment
Current issues: harsh and rugged
Current issues note: landlocked; strategic location between China and Russia

Air pollutants

Sex ratio

Mothers mean age at first birth

Maternal mortality ratio

Infant mortality rate: 44.9 deaths/1000 live births (1993 est.)

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 65.77 years
Male: 63.53 years
Female: 68.13 years (1993 est.)

Total fertility rate: 4.41 children born/woman (1993 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

Drinking water source

Current health expenditure

Physicians density

Hospital bed density

Sanitation facility access

Hiv/Aids

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate

Alcohol consumption

Tobacco use

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

Education expenditures

Literacy

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education

Youth unemployment


Mongolia - Government 1993
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Country name
Conventional long form: none
Conventional short form: Mongolia
Local long form: none
Local short form: Mongol Uls
Former: Outer Mongolia

Government type: republic

Capital: Ulaanbaatar

Administrative divisions:
18 provinces (aymguud, singular - aymag) and 3 municipalities* (hotuud, singular - hot); Arhangay, Bayanhongor, Bayan-Olgiy,
Bulgan, Darhan*, Dornod, Dornogovi, Dundgovi, Dzavhan, Erdenet*, Govi-Altay,
Hentiy, Hovd, Hovsgol, Omnogovi, Ovorhangay, Selenge, Suhbaatar, Tov,
Ulaanbaatar*, Uvs


Dependent areas

Independence: 13 March 1921 (from China)

National holiday: National Day, 11 July (1921)

Constitution: adopted 13 January 1992

Legal system: blend of Russian, Chinese, and Turkish systems of law; no constitutional provision for judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

International law organization participation

Citizenship

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Executive branch: president, vice president, prime minister, first deputy prime minister, cabinet

Legislative branch: unicameral State Great Hural

Judicial branch: Supreme Court serves as appeals court for people's and provincial courts, but to date rarely overturns verdicts of lower courts

Political parties and leaders

International organization participation:
AsDB, CCC, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO,
IMF, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, LORCS, NAM (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO,
UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO


Diplomatic representation
In the us chief of mission: Ambassador Luvsandorj DAWAGIV
In the us chancery: NA
In the us telephone: (301) 983-1962
In the us fax: (301) 983-2025
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador Joseph E. LAKE
From the us embassy: address NA, Ulaanbaatar
From the us mailing address:
Ulaanbaatar, c/o American Embassy Beijing, Micro Region
II, Big Rind Road; PSC 461, Box 300, FPO AP 96,521-0002

From the us telephone: 976 (1) 329,095, 329,606
From the us fax: Telex 80,079,253 AMEMB MH

Flag descriptionflag of Mongolia: three equal, vertical bands of red (hoist side), blue, and red, centered on the hoist-side red band in yellow is the national emblem ("soyombo" - a columnar arrangement of abstract and geometric representation for fire, sun, moon, earth, water, and the yin-yang symbol)

National symbols

National anthem

National heritage


Mongolia - Economy 1993
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Economy overview: Mongolia's severe climate, scattered population, and wide expanses of unproductive land have constrained economic development. Economic activity traditionally has been based on agriculture and the breeding of livestock - Mongolia has the highest number of livestock per person in the tungsten, and gold account for a large part of industrial production. Timber and fishing are also important sectors. In 1992 the Mongolian leadership continued its struggle with severe economic dislocations, mainly attributable to the crumbling of the USSR, by far Mongolia's leading trade and development partner. Moscow cut almost all aid in 1991, and little was provided in 1992. Industry in 1992 was hit hard by energy shortages, mainly due to disruptions in coal production and shortfalls in petroleum imports. By the end of the year, the country was perilously close to a complete shutdown of its centralized energy supply system, due to critical coal shortages. The government is moving away from the Soviet-style, centrally planned economy through privatization and price reform.

Real gdp purchasing power parity

Real gdp growth rate: -15% (1992 est.)

Real gdp per capita: $800 (1992 est.)

Gross national saving
Gdp composition by sector of origin

Gdp composition by end use

Gdp composition by sector of origin

Agriculture products: accounts for about 20% of GDP and provides livelihood for about 50% of the population; livestock raising predominates (primarily sheep and goats, but also cattle, camels, and horses; crops - wheat, barley, potatoes, forage

Industries: copper, processing of animal products, building materials, food and beverage, mining (particularly coal)

Industrial production growth rate: growth rate -15% (1992 est.)

Labor force: NA
By occupation: primarily herding/agricultural
Labor force

Unemployment rate: 15% (1991 est.)

Youth unemployment

Population below poverty line

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget: deficit of $67 million (1991)

Taxes and other revenues

Public debt

Revenue

Fiscal year: calendar year

Inflation rate consumer prices

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares

Current account balance

Exports: $347 million (f.o.b., 1991 est.)
Commodoties: copper, livestock, animal products, cashmere, wool, hides, fluorspar, other nonferrous metals
Partners: USSR 75%, China 10%, Japan 4%

Imports: $501 million (f.o.b., 1991 est.)
Commodoties: machinery and equipment, fuels, food products, industrial consumer goods, chemicals, building materials, sugar, tea
Partners: USSR 75%, Austria 5%, China 5%

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

Debt external

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates: tughriks (Tug) per US$1 - 40 (1992), 7.1 (1991), 5.63 (1990), 3.00 (1989)


Mongolia - Energy 1993
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Electricity
Production: 1,248,000 kW capacity; 3,740 million kWh produced, 1,622 kWh per capita (1992)

Coal

Petroleum

Crude oil

Refined petroleum

Natural gas

Carbon dioxide emissions

Energy consumption per capita


Mongolia - Communication 1993
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Telephones

Telephone system

Broadcast media

Internet

Broadband fixed subscriptions


Mongolia - Military 1993
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Military expenditures
Percent of gdp: exchange rate conversion - $22.8 million of GDP, 1% of GDP (1992)

Military and security forces

Military service age and obligation

Space program

Terrorist groups


Mongolia - Transportation 1993
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National air transport system

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

Airports: 81
Usable: 31
With permanentsurface runways: 11
With runways over 3659 m: fewer than 5
With runways 2440-3659 m: fewer than 20
With runways 1220-2439 m: 12

Heliports

Pipelines

Railways

Roadways

Waterways: 397 km of principal routes (1988)

Merchant marine

Ports and terminals


Mongolia - Transnational issues 1993
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Disputes international: none

Refugees and internally displaced persons

Illicit drugs


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