Statistical information Nepal 1993Nepal

Map of Nepal | Geography | People | Government | Economy | Energy | Communication
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Nepal in the World
Nepal in the World

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Nepal - Introduction 1993
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Background: In 1951 the Nepalese monarch ended the century-old system of rule by hereditary premiers and instituted a cabinet system of government. Reforms in 1990 established a multiparty democracy within the framework of a constitutional monarchy.


Nepal - Geography 1993
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Location: South Asia, in the Himalayas, between China and India

Geographic coordinates

Map referenceAsia, Standard Time Zones of the World

Area
Total: 140,800 km²
Land: 136,800 km²

Land boundaries: total 2,926 km, China 1,236 km, India 1,690 km

Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)

Maritime claims: none; landlocked

Climate: varies from cool summers and severe winters in north to subtropical summers and mild winters in south

Terrain: Terai or flat river plain of the Ganges in south, central hill region, rugged Himalayas in north

Elevation

Natural resources: quartz, water, timber, hydroelectric potential, scenic beauty, small deposits of lignite, copper, cobalt, iron ore
Land use

Land use
Permanent crops: 0%
Meadows and pastures: 13%
Forest and woodland: 33%
Other: 37%

Irrigated land: 9,430 km² (1989)

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal

Total renewable water resources

Natural hazards

Geography


Nepal - People 1993
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Population: 20,535,466 (July 1993 est.)
Growth rate: 2.43% (1993 est.)

Nationality
Noun: Nepalese (singular and plural)
Adjective: Nepalese

Ethnic groups:
Newars, Indians, Tibetans, Gurungs, Magars, Tamangs,
Bhotias, Rais, Limbus, Sherpas


Languages: Nepali (official), 20 languages divided into numerous dialects

Religions: Hindu 90%, Buddhist 5%, Muslim 3%, other 2% (1981)

Demographic profile
Age structure

Age structure

Dependency ratios

Median age

Population growth rate: 2.43% (1993 est.)

Birth rate: 37.99 births/1000 population (1993 est.)

Death rate: 13.66 deaths/1000 population (1993 est.)

Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1000 population (1993 est.)

Population distribution

Urbanization

Major urban areas

Environment
Current issues: contains eight of world's 10 highest peaks; deforestation; soil erosion; water pollution
Current issues note: landlocked; strategic location between China and India

Air pollutants

Sex ratio

Mothers mean age at first birth

Maternal mortality ratio

Infant mortality rate: 85.8 deaths/1000 live births (1993 est.)

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 51.98 years
Male: 51.84 years
Female: 52.12 years (1993 est.)

Total fertility rate: 5.33 children born/woman (1993 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

Drinking water source

Current health expenditure

Physicians density

Hospital bed density

Sanitation facility access

Hiv/Aids

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate

Alcohol consumption

Tobacco use

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

Education expenditures

Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990)
Total population: 26%
Female: 13%

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education

Youth unemployment


Nepal - Government 1993
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Country name
Conventional long form: Kingdom of Nepal
Conventional short form: Nepal

Government type: parliamentary democracy as of 12 May 1991

Capital: Kathmandu

Administrative divisions:
14 zones (anchal, singular and plural); Bagmati,
Bheri, Dhawalagiri, Gandaki, Janakpur, Karnali, Kosi, Lumbini, Mahakali,
Mechi, Narayani, Rapti, Sagarmatha, Seti


Dependent areas

Independence: 1768 (unified by Prithvi Narayan Shah)

National holiday
Birthday of His Majesty the King 28 December 1945 ruling party: Nepali Congress Party (NCP), Party president Krishna Prasad
BHATTARAI Prime Minister Girija Prasad KOIRALA Ganesh Man SINGH center:
the NDP has two factions: National Democratic Party/Chand (NDP/Chand), Lokendra Bahadur CHAND; and National Democratic Party/Thapa (NDP/Thapa), Surya Bahadur THAPA; Terai Rights Sadbhavana (Goodwill) Party,
Gayendra Narayan SINGH

Communist:
Communist Party of Nepal/United Marxist and Leninist (CPN/UML),
Man Mohan ADIKHARY; United People's Front (UPF), N. K. PRASAI, Lila Mani
POKHAREL; Nepal Workers and Peasants Party, leader NA; Rohit Party, N. M.
BIJUKCHHE; Democratic Party, leader NA
the two factions of the NDP announced a merger in late 1991


Constitution: 9 November 1990

Legal system: based on Hindu legal concepts and English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

International law organization participation

Citizenship

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Executive branch: monarch, prime minister, Council of Ministers

Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament consists of an upper house or National Council and a lower house or House of Representatives

Judicial branch: Supreme Court (Sarbochha Adalat)

Political parties and leaders

International organization participation:
AsDB, CCC, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC,
ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, LORCS, NAM, SAARC, UN, UNCTAD,
UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNPROFOR, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO


Diplomatic representation
In the us chief of mission: Ambassador Yog Prasad UPADHYAYA
In the us chancery: 2,131 Leroy Place NW, Washington, DC 20,008
In the us telephone: (202) 667-4,550
In the us consulate general: New York
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador Julia Chang BLOCH
From the us embassy: Pani Pokhari, Kathmandu
From the us mailing address: use embassy street address
From the us telephone: 977 (1) 411,179 or 412,718, 411,604, 411,613, 413,890
From the us fax: 977 (1) 419,963

Flag descriptionflag of Nepal: red with a blue border around the unique shape of two overlapping right triangles; the smaller, upper triangle bears a white stylized moon and the larger, lower triangle bears a white 12-pointed sun

National symbols

National anthem

National heritage


Nepal - Economy 1993
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Economy overview: Nepal is among the poorest and least developed countries in the world. Agriculture is the mainstay of the economy, providing a livelihood for over 90% of the population and accounting for 60% of GDP. Industrial activity is limited, mainly involving the processing of agricultural produce (jute, sugarcane, tobacco, and grain). Production of textiles and carpets has expanded recently and accounted for 85% of foreign exchange earnings in FY91. by about 5%, as compared with annual population growth of 2.6%. More than 40% of the population is undernourished partly because of poor distribution. The top 10% of the population receives 47% of total income, the bottom 20% less than 5% of the total. Since May 1991, the government has been encouraging trade and foreign investment, e.g., by eliminating business licenses and registration requirements in order to simplify domestic and foreign investment. The government also has been cutting public expenditures by reducing subsides, privatizing state industries, and laying off civil servants. Prospects for foreign trade and investment in the 1990s remain poor, however, because of the small size of the economy, its technological backwardness, and its remoteness.

Real gdp purchasing power parity

Real gdp growth rate: 3.1% (FY92)

Real gdp per capita: $170 (FY92)

Gross national saving
Gdp composition by sector of origin

Gdp composition by end use

Gdp composition by sector of origin

Agriculture products: accounts for 60% of GDP and 90% of work force; farm products - rice, corn, wheat, sugarcane, root crops, milk, buffalo meat; not self-sufficient in food, particularly in drought years

Industries: small rice, jute, sugar, and oilseed mills; cigarette, textile, carpet, cement, and brick production; tourism

Industrial production growth rate: growth rate 6% (FY91 est.), accounts for 7% of GDP

Labor force: 8.5 million (1991 est.)
By occupation agriculture: 93%
By occupation services: 5%
By occupation industry: 2% (severe lack of skilled labor)
Labor force

Unemployment rate: 5% (1987; underemployment estimated at 25-40%

Youth unemployment

Population below poverty line

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget: revenues $308.0 million; expenditures $672.0 million, including capital expenditures of $396 million (FY92 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

Public debt

Revenue

Fiscal year: 16 July - 15 July

Inflation rate consumer prices

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares

Current account balance

Exports: $313 million (f.o.b., FY92 est.) but does not include unrecorded border trade with India
Commodoties: carpets, clothing, leather goods, jute goods, grain
Partners: US, Germany, India, UK

Imports: $751 million (c.i.f., FY92 est.)
Commodoties: petroleum products 20%, fertilizer 11%, machinery 10%
Partners: India, Singapore, Japan, Germany

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

Debt external

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates: Nepalese rupees (NRs) per US$1 - 43.200 (January 1993), 42.742 (1992), 37.255 (1991), 29.370 (1990), 27.189 (1989), 23.289 (1988)


Nepal - Energy 1993
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Electricity
Production: 300,000 kW capacity; 1,000 million kWh produced, 50 kWh per capita (1992)

Coal

Petroleum

Crude oil

Refined petroleum

Natural gas

Carbon dioxide emissions

Energy consumption per capita


Nepal - Communication 1993
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Telephones

Telephone system

Broadcast media

Internet

Broadband fixed subscriptions


Nepal - Military 1993
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Military expenditures
Percent of gdp: exchange rate conversion - $34 million, 2% of GDP (FY91/92)

Military and security forces

Military service age and obligation

Space program

Terrorist groups


Nepal - Transportation 1993
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National air transport system

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

Airports: 37
Usable: 37
With permanentsurface runways: 5
With runways over 3659 m: 0
With runways 2440-3659 m: 1
With runways 1220-2439 m: 8

Heliports

Pipelines

Railways

Roadways

Waterways

Merchant marine

Ports and terminals


Nepal - Transnational issues 1993
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Disputes international: none

Refugees and internally displaced persons

Illicit drugs:
illicit producer of cannabis for the domestic and international drug markets; probable transit point for heroin from Southeast
Asia to the West



Economy Bookings


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