Statistical information Peru 1993

Peru in the World
top of pageBackground: After a dozen years of military rule Peru returned to democratic leadership in 1980. In recent years bold reform programs and significant progress in curtailing guerrilla activity and drug trafficking have resulted in solid economic growth.
top of pageLocation:
Western South America, bordering the South Pacific Ocean between
Chile and Ecuador
Geographic coordinatesMap reference:
South America, Standard Time Zones of the WorldAreaTotal: total: 1,285,220 km²
Land boundaries: total 6,940 km, Bolivia 900 km, Brazil 1,560 km, Chile 160 km, Colombia 2,900 km, Ecuador 1,420 km
Coastline: 2,414 km
Territorial sea: 200 nm
Maritime claimsClimate: varies from tropical in east to dry desert in west
Terrain: western coastal plain (costa), high and rugged Andes in center (sierra), eastern lowland jungle of Amazon Basin (selva)
ElevationNatural resources: copper, silver, gold, petroleum, timber, fish, iron ore, coal, phosphate, potash
Land useArable land: 3%
Permanent crops: 0%
Meadows and pastures: 21%
Forest and woodland: 55%
Other: 21%
Irrigated land: 12,500 km² (1989 est.)
Major riversMajor watersheds area km²Total water withdrawalTotal renewable water resourcesNatural hazardsGeographytop of pagePopulation: 23,210,352 (July 1993 est.)
Growth rate: 1.9% (1993 est.)
NationalityNoun: Peruvian(s)
Adjective: Peruvian
Ethnic groups: Indian 45%, mestizo (mixed Indian and European ancestry) 37%, white 15%, black, Japanese, Chinese, and other 3%
Languages: Spanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara
Religions: Roman Catholic
Demographic profileAge structureDependency ratiosMedian agePopulation growth rate: 1.9% (1993 est.)
Birth rate: 26.19 births/1000 population (1993 est.)
Death rate: 7.15 deaths/1000 population (1993 est.)
Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1000 population (1993 est.)
Population distributionUrbanizationMajor urban areasEnvironmentCurrent issues: subject to earthquakes, tsunamis, landslides, mild volcanic activity; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; air pollution in Lima
Current issues note:shares control of Lago Titicaca, world's highest navigable lake, with
Bolivia
Air pollutantsSex ratioMothers mean age at first birthMaternal mortality ratioInfant mortality rate: 56.4 deaths/1000 live births (1993 est.)
Life expectancy at birthTotal population: 65.17 years
Female: 67.44 years (1993 est.)
Total fertility rate: 3.22 children born/woman (1993 est.)
Contraceptive prevalence rateDrinking water sourceCurrent health expenditurePhysicians densityHospital bed densitySanitation facility accessHiv/AidsMajor infectious diseasesObesity adult prevalence rateAlcohol consumptionTobacco useChildren under the age of 5 years underweightEducation expendituresLiteracy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990)
Total population: 85%
Male: 92%
Female: 29%
School life expectancy primary to tertiary educationYouth unemploymenttop of pageCountry nameConventional long form: Republic of Peru
Conventional short form: Peru
Local long form: Republica del Peru
Local short form: Peru
Government type: republic
Capital: Lima
Administrative divisions:
24 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento) and 1 constitutional province* (provincia constitucional);
Amazonas, Ancash, Apurimac, Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Callao*, Cusco,
Huancavelica, Huanuco, Ica, Junin, La Libertad, Lambayeque, Lima, Loreto,
Madre de Dios, Moquegua, Pasco, Piura, Puno, San Martin, Tacna, Tumbes,
Ucayali
the 1979 Constitution and legislation enacted from 1987 to 1990 mandate the creation of regions (regiones, singular - region) intended to function eventually as autonomous economic and administrative entities; so far, 12 regions have been constituted from 23 existing departments - Amazonas
Cusco, Madre de Dios, Apurimac), La Libertad (from La Libertad), Los
Libertadores-Huari (from Ica, Ayacucho, Huancavelica), Mariategui (from
Moquegua, Tacna, Puno), Nor Oriental del Maranon (from Lambayeque, Cajamarca,
Amazonas), San Martin (from San Martin), Ucayali (from Ucayali); formation of another region has been delayed by the reluctance of the constitutional province of Callao to merge with the department of Lima; because of inadequate funding from the central government, the regions have yet to assume their responsibilities and at the moment coexist with the departmental structure
Dependent areasIndependence: 28 July 1821 (from Spain)
National holiday: Independence Day, 28 July (1821)
Constitution: 28 July 1980 (often referred to as the 1979 Constitution because the Constituent Assembly met in 1979, but the Constitution actually took effect the following year; suspended 5 April 1992; being revised or replaced
Legal system: based on civil law system; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
International law organization participationCitizenshipSuffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch: president, prime minister, Council of Ministers (cabinet)
Legislative branch: unicameral Democratic Constituent Congress (CCD)
Judicial branch: Supreme Court of Justice (Corte Suprema de Justicia)
Political parties and leadersInternational organization participation:
AG, CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-11, G-15, G-19, G-24, G-77, GATT, IADB,
IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT,
INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, LORCS, MINURSO, NAM, OAS, OPANAL,
PCA, RG (suspended), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO,
WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representationIn the us chief of mission: Ambassador Ricardo LUNA
In the us chancery: 1700 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20,036
In the us telephone: (202) 833-9,860 through 9,869)
In the us consulates general:Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York,
Paterson (New Jersey), San Francisco, and San Juan (Puerto Rico)
From the us chief of mission: (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Charles H. BRAYSHAW
From the us embassy:corner of Avenida Inca Garcilaso de la Vega and Avenida Espana,
Lima
From the us mailing address: P. O. Box 1991, Lima 1, or APO AA 34,031
From the us telephone: 51 (14) 33-8,000
From the us fax: 51 (14) 31-6,682
Flag description
: three equal, vertical bands of red (hoist side), white, and red with the coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms features a shield bearing a llama, cinchona tree (the source of quinine), and a yellow cornucopia spilling out gold coins, all framed by a green wreath
National symbolsNational anthemNational heritagetop of pageEconomy overview: The Peruvian economy is becoming increasingly market oriented, with a large dose of government ownership remaining in mining, energy, and banking. In the 1980s the economy suffered from hyperinflation, declining per capita output, and mounting external debt. Peru was shut off from IMF and World Bank support in the mid-1980s because of its huge debt arrears. An austerity program implemented shortly after the FUJIMORI government took office in July 1990 contributed to a third consecutive yearly contraction of economic activity, but the slide halted late that year, and output rose 2.4% in 1991. After a burst of inflation as the austerity program eliminated government price subsidies, monthly price increases eased to the single-digit level and by December 1991 dropped to the lowest increase since mid-1987. Lima obtained a financial rescue package from multilateral lenders in September 1991, although it faced $14 billion in arrears on its external debt. By working with the IMF and World Bank on new financial conditions and arrangements, the government succeeded in ending its arrears by March 1993. In 1992, GDP fell by 2.8%, in part because a warmer-than-usual El Nino current resulted in a 30% drop in the fish catch. Meanwhile, revival of growth in GDP continued to be restricted by the large amount of public and private resources being devoted to strengthening internal security.
Real gdp purchasing power parityReal gdp growth rateReal gdp per capita: $1,100 (1992 est.)
Gross national savingGdp composition by sector of origin
Gdp composition by end useGdp composition by sector of originAgriculture products: accounts for 10% of GDP, about 35% of labor force; commercial crops - coffee, cotton, sugarcane; other crops - rice, wheat, potatoes, plantains, coca; animal products - poultry, red meats, dairy, wool; not self-sufficient in grain or vegetable oil; fish catch of 6.9 million metric tons (1990)
Industries: mining of metals, petroleum, fishing, textiles, clothing, food processing, cement, auto assembly, steel, shipbuilding, metal fabrication
Industrial production growth rate: growth rate -5% (1992 est.), accounts for almost 24% of GDP
Labor force: 8 million (1992)
By occupation government and other services: 44%
By occupation agriculture: 37%
By occupation industry: 19% (1988 est.)
Unemployment rate: 15% (1992 est.), underemployment 70% (1992 est.)
Youth unemploymentPopulation below poverty lineGini indexHousehold income or consumption by percentage shareDistribution of family income gini indexBudget: revenues $2.0 billion; expenditures $2.7 billion, including capital expenditures of $300 million (1992 est.)
Taxes and other revenuesPublic debtRevenueFiscal year: calendar year
Inflation rate consumer pricesCentral bank discount rateCommercial bank prime lending rateStock of narrow moneyStock of broad moneyStock of domestic creditMarket value of publicly traded sharesCurrent account balanceExports: $3.5 billion (f.o.b., 1992)
Commodoties: copper, fishmeal, zinc, crude petroleum and byproducts, lead, refined silver, coffee, cotton
Partners: EC 28%, US 22%, Japan 13%, Latin America 12%, former USSR 2% (1991)
Imports: $4.1 billion (f.o.b., 1992)
Commodoties: foodstuffs, machinery, transport equipment, iron and steel semimanufactures, chemicals, pharmaceuticals
Partners: US 32%, Latin America 22%, EC 17%, Switzerland 6%, Japan 3% (1991)
Reserves of foreign exchange and goldDebt externalStock of direct foreign investment at homeStock of direct foreign investment abroadExchange rates: nuevo sol (S/. per US$1 - 1.690 (January 1993), 1.245 (1992), 0.772 (1991), 0.187 (1990), 2.666 (1989), 0.129 (1988)
top of pageElectricityProduction: 5,042,000 kW capacity; 17,434 million kWh produced, 760 kWh per capita (1992)
CoalPetroleumCrude oilRefined petroleumNatural gasCarbon dioxide emissionsEnergy consumption per capitaPeru - Communication 1993
top of pageTelephonesTelephone systemBroadcast mediaInternetBroadband fixed subscriptionstop of pageMilitary expendituresPercent of gdp:exchange rate conversion - $500 million, about 2% of
GDP (1991)
Military and security forcesMilitary service age and obligationSpace programTerrorist groupsPeru - Transportation 1993
top of pageNational air transport systemCivil aircraft registration country code prefixAirports: 228
Usable: 199
With permanentsurface runways: 37
With runways over 3659 m: 2
With runways 2440-3659 m: 23
With runways 1220-2439 m: 46
HeliportsPipelines: crude oil 800 km, natural gas and natural gas liquids 64 km
RailwaysRoadwaysWaterways: 8,600 km of navigable tributaries of Amazon system and 208 km Lago Titicaca
Merchant marine:
21 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 194,473 GRT/307,845
DWT; includes 13 cargo, 1 refrigerated cargo, 1 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 2 oil tanker, 4 bulk; note - in addition, 6 naval tankers and 1 naval cargo are sometimes used commercially
Ports and terminalsPeru - Transnational issues 1993
top of pageDisputes international: three sections of the boundary with Ecuador are in dispute
Refugees and internally displaced personsIllicit drugs: world's largest coca leaf producer with about 121,000 hectares under cultivation; source of supply for most of the world's coca paste and cocaine base; at least 85% of coca cultivation is for illicit production; most of cocaine base is shipped to Colombian drug dealers for processing into cocaine for the international drug market