Statistical information Rwanda 1993

Rwanda in the World
Backgroundtop of pageLocation: Central Africa, between Tanzania and Zaire
Geographic coordinatesMap reference:
Africa, Standard Time Zones of the WorldAreaTotal: 26,340 km²
Land: 24,950 km²
Land boundaries: total 893 km, Burundi 290 km, Tanzania 217 km, Uganda 169 km, Zaire 217 km
Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claimsClimate:
temperate; two rainy seasons (February to April, November to
January); mild in mountains with frost and snow possible
Terrain: mostly grassy uplands and hills; mountains in west
ElevationNatural resources: gold, cassiterite (tin ore), wolframite (tungsten ore), natural gas, hydropower
Land useArable land: 29%
Permanent crops: 11%
Meadows and pastures: 18%
Forest and woodland: 10%
Other: 32%
Irrigated land: 40 km² (1989 est.)
Major riversMajor watersheds area km²Total water withdrawalTotal renewable water resourcesNatural hazardsGeographytop of pagePopulation: 8,139,272 (July 1993 est.)
Growth rate: 2.9% (1993 est.)
NationalityNoun: Rwandan(s)
Adjective: Rwandan
Ethnic groupsLanguages: Kinyarwanda (official), French (official), Kiswahili used in commercial centers
Religions: Roman Catholic 65%, Protestant 9%, Muslim 1%, indigenous beliefs and other 25%
Demographic profileAge structureDependency ratiosMedian agePopulation growth rate: 2.9% (1993 est.)
Birth rate: 49.92 births/1000 population (1993 est.)
Death rate: 20.87 deaths/1000 population (1993 est.)
Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1000 population (1993 est.)
Population distributionUrbanizationMajor urban areasEnvironmentCurrent issues: deforestation; overgrazing; soil exhaustion; soil erosion; periodic droughts
Current issues note: landlocked
Air pollutantsSex ratioMothers mean age at first birthMaternal mortality ratioInfant mortality rate: 119.4 deaths/1000 live births (1993 est.)
Life expectancy at birthTotal population: 41.23 years
Male: 40.2 years
Female: 42.28 years (1993 est.)
Total fertility rate: 8.27 children born/woman (1993 est.)
Contraceptive prevalence rateDrinking water sourceCurrent health expenditurePhysicians densityHospital bed densitySanitation facility accessHiv/AidsMajor infectious diseasesObesity adult prevalence rateAlcohol consumptionTobacco useChildren under the age of 5 years underweightEducation expendituresLiteracy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990)
Total population: 50%
Male: 64%
Female: 37%
School life expectancy primary to tertiary educationYouth unemploymenttop of pageCountry nameConventional long form: Republic of Rwanda
Conventional short form: Rwanda
Local long form: Republika y'u Rwanda
Local short form: Rwanda
Government type: republic; presidential system; a new, all-party transitional government is to assume office later this year, replacing the current MRND-dominated coalition
Capital: Kigali
Administrative divisions:
10 prefectures (prefectures, singular - prefecture in French; plural - NA, singular - prefegitura in Kinyarwanda);
Butare, Byumba, Cyangugu, Gikongoro, Gisenyi, Gitarama, Kibungo, Kibuye,
Kigali, Ruhengeri
Dependent areasIndependence: 1 July 1962 (from UN trusteeship under Belgian administration)
National holidayIndependence Day 1 July 1962 the dominant party; significant independent parties include:Democratic
Republican Movement (MDR), Faustin TWAGIRAMUNGU; Liberal Party (PL), Justin
MUGENZI; Democratic and Socialist Party (PSD), Frederic NZAMURAMBAHO;
Coalition for the Defense of the Republic (CDR), Martin BUCYANA; Party for
Democracy in Rwanda (PADER), Jean NTAGUNGIRA; Christian Democratic Party (PDL), Nayinzira NEPOMUSCENE
formerly a one-party state, Rwanda legalized independent parties in mid-1991; since then, at least 10 new political parties have registered
Constitution: 18 June 1991
Legal system: based on German and Belgian civil law systems and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
International law organization participationCitizenshipSuffrage: universal adult at age NA
Executive branch: president, prime minister, Council of Ministers (cabinet)
Legislative branch: unicameral National Development Council (Conseil National de Developpement)
Judicial branch: Constitutional Court (consists of the Court of Cassation and the Council of State in joint session)
Political parties and leadersInternational organization participation:
ACCT, ACP, AfDB, ECA, CCC, CEEAC, CEPGL, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD,
ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, LORCS, NAM, OAU,
UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representationIn the us chief of mission: Ambassador Aloys UWIMANA
In the us chancery: 1714 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20,009
In the us telephone: (202) 232-2,882
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador Robert A. FLATEN
From the us embassy: Boulevard de la Revolution, Kigali
From the us telephone: 250 75,601 through 75,603
From the us fax: 250 72,128
Flag description
: three equal vertical bands of red (hoist side), yellow, and green with a large black letter R centered in the yellow band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia; similar to the flag of Guinea, which has a plain yellow band
National symbolsNational anthemNational heritagetop of pageEconomy overview: Almost 50% of GDP comes from the agricultural sector; coffee and tea make up 80-90% of total exports. The amount of fertile land is limited, however, and deforestation and soil erosion have created problems. The industrial sector in Rwanda is small, contributing only 17% to GDP. Manufacturing focuses mainly on the processing of agricultural products. The Rwandan economy remains dependent on coffee exports and foreign aid. Weak international prices since 1986 have caused the economy to contract and per capita GDP to decline. A structural adjustment program with the World Bank began in October 1990. An outbreak of insurgency, also in October 1990, has dampened prospects for economic improvement.
Real gdp purchasing power parityReal gdp growth rate: 1.3% (1992 est.)
Real gdp per capita: $290 (1992 est.)
Gross national savingGdp composition by sector of origin
Gdp composition by end useGdp composition by sector of originAgriculture productsIndustries: mining of cassiterite (tin ore) and wolframite (tungsten ore), tin, cement, agricultural processing, small-scale beverage production, soap, furniture, shoes, plastic goods, textiles, cigarettes force; cash crops - coffee, tea, pyrethrum (insecticide made from chrysanthemums; main food crops - bananas, beans, sorghum, potatoes; stock raising; self-sufficiency declining; country imports foodstuffs as farm production fails to keep up with a 3.8% annual growth in population
Industrial production growth rate: growth rate 1.2% (1988; accounts for 17% of GDP
Labor force: 3.6 million
By occupation agriculture: 93%
By occupation governmentand services: 5%
By occupation industry and commerce:2%
49% of population of working age (1985)
Unemployment rate: NA%
Youth unemploymentPopulation below poverty lineGini indexHousehold income or consumption by percentage shareDistribution of family income gini indexBudget: revenues $350 million; expenditures $453.7 million, including capital expenditures of $NA million (1992 est.)
Taxes and other revenuesPublic debtRevenueFiscal year: calendar year
Inflation rate consumer pricesCentral bank discount rateCommercial bank prime lending rateStock of narrow moneyStock of broad moneyStock of domestic creditMarket value of publicly traded sharesCurrent account balanceExports: $66.6 million (f.o.b., 1992 est.)
Commodoties: coffee 85%, tea, tin, cassiterite, wolframite, pyrethrum
Partners: Germany, Belgium, Italy, Uganda, UK, France, US
Imports: $259.5 million (f.o.b., 1992 est.)
Commodoties: textiles, foodstuffs, machines and equipment, capital goods, steel, petroleum products, cement and construction material
Partners: US, Belgium, Germany, Kenya, Japan
Reserves of foreign exchange and goldDebt externalStock of direct foreign investment at homeStock of direct foreign investment abroadExchange rates: Rwandan francs (RF) per US$1 - 146.34 (January 1993), 133.35 (1992), 125.14 (1991), 82.60 (1990), 79.98 (1989), 76.45 (1988)
top of pageElectricityProduction: 30,000 kW capacity; 130 million kWh produced, 15 kWh per capita (1991)
CoalPetroleumCrude oilRefined petroleumNatural gasCarbon dioxide emissionsEnergy consumption per capitatop of pageTelephonesTelephone systemBroadcast mediaInternetBroadband fixed subscriptionstop of pageMilitary expendituresPercent of gdp: exchange rate conversion - $37 million, 1.6% of GDP (1988 est.)
Military and security forcesMilitary service age and obligationSpace programTerrorist groupstop of pageNational air transport systemCivil aircraft registration country code prefixAirports: 8
Usable: 7
With permanentsurface runways: 3
With runways over 3659 m: 0
With runways 2440-3659 m: 1
With runways 1220-2439 m: 2
HeliportsPipelinesRailwaysRoadwaysWaterways: Lac Kivu navigable by shallow-draft barges and native craft
Merchant marinePorts and terminalsRwanda - Transnational issues 1993
top of pageDisputes international: none
Refugees and internally displaced personsIllicit drugs