Statistical information Serbia and Montenegro 1993

Serbia and Montenegro in the World
top of pageBackground: Serbia and Montenegro have asserted the formation of a joint independent state, but this entity has not been formally recognized as a state by various countries including the U.S.; the U.S. view is that the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) has dissolved and that none of the successor republics represents its continuation. Recently the Kosovo region has seen disturbances by groups demanding its independence.
top of pageLocation:
Southern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Bosnia and
Herzegovina and Bulgaria
Geographic coordinatesMap reference:
Ethnic Groups in Eastern Europe, Europe, Standard Time
Zones of the World
Total: 102,350 km²Land: 102,136 km²AreaLand boundaries: total 2,234 km, Albania 287 km (114 km with Serbia; 173 km with Motenegro), Bosnia and Herzegovina 527 km (312 km with Serbia; 215 km with Montenegro), Bulgaria 318 km, Croatia (north) 239 km, Croatia (south) 15 km, Hungary 151 km, Macedonia 221 km, Romania 476 km
Note: the internal boundary between Montenegro and Serbia is 211 km
Coastline: 199 km (Montenegro 199 km, Serbia 0 km)
Territorial sea: 12 nm
Maritime claimsClimate:
in the north, continental climate (cold winter and hot, humid summers with well distributed rainfall); central portion, continental and
Mediterranean climate; to the south, Adriatic climate along the coast, hot, dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall inland
Terrain: extremely varied; to the north, rich fertile plains; to the east, limestone ranges and basins; to the southeast, ancient mountain and hills; to the southwest, extremely high shoreline with no islands off the coast; home of largest lake in former Yugoslavia, Lake Scutari
ElevationNatural resources: oil, gas, coal, antimony, copper, lead, zinc, nickel, gold, pyrite, chrome
Land useArable land: 30%
Permanent crops: 5%
Meadows and pastures: 20%
Forest and woodland: 25%
Other: 20%
Irrigated land: NA km²
Major riversMajor watersheds area km²Total water withdrawalTotal renewable water resourcesNatural hazardsGeographytop of pagePopulation: 10,699,539 (July 1993 est.)
Growth rate: NA%
NationalityNoun: Serb(s) and Montenegrin(s)
Adjective: Serbian and Montenegrin
Ethnic groups: Serbs 63%, Albanians 14%, Montenegrins 6%, Hungarians 4%, other 13%
Languages: Serbo-Croatian 95%, Albanian 5%
Total population: NA%
Male: NA%
Female: NA%
Religions: Orthodox 65%, Muslim 19%, Roman Catholic 4%, Protestant 1%, other 11%
Demographic profileAge structureDependency ratiosMedian agePopulation growth rate: NA%
Birth rate: NA births/1000 population
Death rate: NA deaths/1000 population
Net migration rate: NA migrant(s)/1000 population
Population distributionUrbanizationMajor urban areasEnvironmentCurrent issues: coastal water pollution from sewage outlets, especially in tourist-related areas such as Kotor; air pollution around Belgrade and other industrial cities; water pollution along Danube from industrial waste dumped into the Sava which drains into the Danube; subject to destructive earthquakes and the Near East; strategic location along the Adriatic coast
Air pollutantsSex ratioMothers mean age at first birthMaternal mortality ratioInfant mortality rate: NA deaths/1000 live births
Life expectancy at birthTotal population: NA years
Male: NA years
Female: NA years
Total fertility rate: NA children born/woman
Contraceptive prevalence rateDrinking water sourceCurrent health expenditurePhysicians densityHospital bed densitySanitation facility accessHiv/AidsMajor infectious diseasesObesity adult prevalence rateAlcohol consumptionTobacco useChildren under the age of 5 years underweightEducation expendituresLiteracySchool life expectancy primary to tertiary educationYouth unemploymenttop of pageCountry nameConventional long form: none
Conventional short form: Serbia and Montenegro
Local long form: none
Government type: republic
Capital: Belgrade
Administrative divisions: 2 republics (pokajine, singular - pokajina; and 2 autonomous provinces*; Kosovo*, Montenegro, Serbia, Vojvodina*
Dependent areasIndependence: 11 April 1992 (from Yugoslavia)
National holiday: NA
Constitution: 27 April 1992
Legal system: based on civil law system
International law organization participationCitizenshipSuffrage: 16 years of age, if employed; 18 years of age, universal
Executive branch: president, vice president, prime minister, deputy prime minister, cabinet
Legislative branch: bicameral Federal Assembly consists of an upper house or Chamber of Republics and a lower house or Chamber of Deputies
Judicial branch: Savezni Sud (Federal Court), Constitutional Court
Political parties and leadersInternational organization participationDiplomatic representationIn the us:US and Serbia and Montenegro do not maintain full diplomatic relations; the Embassy of the former Socialist
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia continues to function in the US
From the us chief of mission: (vacant)
From the us embassy: address NA, Belgrade
From the us mailing address: American Embassy Box 5,070, Unit 25,402, APO AE 9,213-5,070
From the us telephone: 38 (11) 645-655
From the us fax: 38 (11) 645-221
Flag description
: three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and red
National symbolsNational anthemNational heritagetop of pageEconomy overview: The swift collapse of the Yugoslav federation has been followed by bloody ethnic warfare, the destabilization of republic boundaries, and the breakup of important interrepublic trade flows. The situation in Serbia and Montenegro remains fluid in view of the extensive political and military strife. Serbia and Montenegro faces major economic problems. First, like the other former Yugoslav republics, it depended on its sister republics for large amounts of foodstuffs, energy supplies, and manufactures. Wide varieties in climate, mineral resources, and levels of technology among the republics accentuate this interdependence, as did the Communist practice of concentrating much industrial output in a small number of giant plants. The breakup of many of the trade links, the sharp drop in output as industrial plants lost suppliers and markets, and the destruction of physical assets in the fighting all have contributed to the economic difficulties of the republics. One singular factor in the economic situation of Serbia and Montenegro is the continuation in office of a Communist government that is primarily interested in political and military mastery, not economic reform. A further complication is the imposition of economic sanctions by the UN.
Real gdp purchasing power parityReal gdp growth rate: NA%
Real gdp per capita: $2,500-$3,500 (1992 est.)
Gross national savingGdp composition by sector of origin
Gdp composition by end useGdp composition by sector of originAgriculture products:
the fertile plains of Vojvodina produce 80% of the cereal production of the former Yugoslavia and most of the cotton, oilseeds, and chicory; Vojvodina also produces fodder crops to support intensive beef and dairy production; Serbia proper, although hilly, has a well-distributed rainfall and a long growing season; produces fruit, grapes, and cereals; in this area, livestock production (sheep and cattle) and dairy farming prosper;
Kosovo produces fruits, vegetables, tobacco, and a small amount of cereals; the mountainous pastures of Kosovo and Montenegro support sheep and goat husbandry; Montenegro has only a small agriculture sector, mostly near the coast where a Mediterranean climate permits the culture of olives, citrus, grapes, and rice
Industries: machine building (aircraft, trucks, and automobiles; armored vehicles and weapons; electrical equipment; agricultural machinery), metallurgy (steel, aluminum, copper, lead, zinc, chromium, antimony, bismuth, cadmium), mining (coal, bauxite, nonferrous ore, iron ore, limestone), consumer goods (textiles, footwear, foodstuffs, appliances), electronics, petroleum products, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals
Industrial production growth rate: growth rate -20% or greater (1991 est.)
Labor force: 2,640,909
By occupation industry mining: 40%
By occupation agriculture: 5% (1990)
Unemployment rate: 25%-40% (1991 est.)
Youth unemploymentPopulation below poverty lineGini indexHousehold income or consumption by percentage shareDistribution of family income gini indexBudget: revenues $NA; expenditures $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA
Taxes and other revenuesPublic debtRevenueFiscal year: calendar year
Inflation rate consumer pricesCentral bank discount rateCommercial bank prime lending rateStock of narrow moneyStock of broad moneyStock of domestic creditMarket value of publicly traded sharesCurrent account balanceExports: $4.4 billion (f.o.b., 1990)
Commodoties: machinery and transport equipment 29%, manufactured goods 28.5%, miscellaneous manufactured articles 13.5%, chemicals 11%, food and live animals 9%, raw materials 6%, fuels and lubricants 2%, beverages and tobacco
Partners:prior to the imposition of sanctions by the UN Security Council trade partners were principally the other former Yugoslav republics; Italy,
Germany, other EC, the successor states of the former USSR, East European countries, US
Imports: $6.4 billion (c.i.f., 1990)
Commodoties: machinery and transport equipment 26%, fuels and lubricants 18%, manufactured goods 16%, chemicals 12.5%, food and live animals 11%, miscellaneous manufactured items 8%, raw materials, including coking coal for the steel industry, 7%, beverages, tobacco, and edible oils 1.5%
Partners:prior to the imposition of sanctions by the UN Security Council the trade partners were principally the other former Yugoslav republics; the successor states of the former USSR, EC countries (mainly Italy and Germany),
East European countries, US
Reserves of foreign exchange and goldDebt externalStock of direct foreign investment at homeStock of direct foreign investment abroadExchange rates: Yugoslav New Dinars (YD) per US $1 - 28.230 (December 1991), 15.162 (1990), 15.528 (1989), 0.701 (1988), 0.176 (1987)
top of pageElectricityProduction: 8,850,000 kW capacity; 42,000 million kWh produced, 3,950 kWh per capita (1992)
CoalPetroleumCrude oilRefined petroleumNatural gasCarbon dioxide emissionsEnergy consumption per capitatop of pageTelephonesTelephone systemBroadcast mediaInternetBroadband fixed subscriptionstop of pageMilitary expendituresPercent of gdp: 245 billion dinars, 4-6% of GDP (1992 est.), note - conversion of defense expenditures into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results
Military and security forcesMilitary service age and obligationSpace programTerrorist groupstop of pageNational air transport systemCivil aircraft registration country code prefixAirports: 48
Usable: 48
With permanentsurface runways: 16
With runways over 3659 m: 0
With runways 2440-3659 m: 6
With runways 1220-2439 m: 9
HeliportsPipelines: crude oil 415 km, petroleum products 130 km, natural gas 2,110 km
RailwaysRoadwaysWaterways: NA km
Merchant marinePorts and terminalstop of pageDisputes international: Sandzak region bordering northern Montenegro and southeastern Serbia - Muslims seeking autonomy; Vojvodina taken from Hungary and awarded to the former Yugoslavia by Treaty of Trianon in 1920; disputes with Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia over Serbian populated areas; Albanian minority in Kosovo seeks independence from Serbian Republic
Refugees and internally displaced personsIllicit drugs: NA