Statistical information Sudan 1993

Sudan in the World
Sudan - Introduction 1993
top of pageBackground: Military dictatorships promulgating an Islamic government have mostly run the country since independence from the UK in 1956. Over the past two decades a civil war pitting black Christians and animists in the south against the Arab-Muslims of the north has cost at least 1.5 million lives in war and famine-related deaths as well as the displacement of millions of others.
top of pageLocation: Northern Africa, along the Red Sea, between Egypt and Ethiopia
Geographic coordinatesMap reference:
Africa, Standard Time Zones of the WorldAreaTotal: 2,505,810 km²
Land: 2.376 million km²
Land boundaries:
total 7,697 km, Central African Republic 1,165 km, Chad 1,360 km, Egypt 1,273 km, Ethiopia 2,221 km, Kenya 232 km, Libya 383 km,
Uganda 435 km, Zaire 628 km
Coastline: 853 km
Contiguous zone: 18 nm
Continental shelf: 200 m depth or to depth of exploitation
Territorial sea: 12 nm
Maritime claimsClimateTerrain: generally flat, featureless plain; mountains in east and west
ElevationNatural resources: small reserves of petroleum, iron ore, copper, chromium ore, zinc, tungsten, mica, silver
Land useArable land: 5%
Permanent crops: 0%
Meadows and pastures: 24%
Forest and woodland: 20%
Other: 51%
Irrigated land: 18,900 km² (1989 est.)
Major riversMajor watersheds area km²Total water withdrawalTotal renewable water resourcesNatural hazardsGeographytop of pagePopulation: 28,730,381 (July 1993 est.)
Growth rate: 2.38% (1993 est.)
NationalityNoun: Sudanese (singular and plural)
Adjective: Sudanese
Ethnic groups: black 52%, Arab 39%, Beja 6%, foreigners 2%, other 1%
Languages:
Arabic (official), Nubian, Ta Bedawie, diverse dialects of
Nilotic, Nilo-Hamitic, Sudanic languages, English
Note: program of Arabization in process
Religions: Sunni Muslim 70% (in north), indigenous beliefs 25%, Christian
Demographic profileAge structureDependency ratiosMedian agePopulation growth rate: 2.38% (1993 est.)
Birth rate: 42.65 births/1000 population (1993 est.)
Death rate: 12.45 deaths/1000 population (1993 est.)
Net migration rate: -6.4 migrant(s)/1000 population (1993 est.)
Population distributionUrbanizationMajor urban areasEnvironmentCurrent issues: dominated by the Nile and its tributaries; dust storms; desertification
Current issues note: largest country in Africa
Air pollutantsSex ratioMothers mean age at first birthMaternal mortality ratioInfant mortality rate: 81.3 deaths/1000 live births (1993 est.)
Life expectancy at birthTotal population: 53.85 years
Male: 53 years
Female: 54.73 years (1993 est.)
Total fertility rate: 6.19 children born/woman (1993 est.)
Contraceptive prevalence rateDrinking water sourceCurrent health expenditurePhysicians densityHospital bed densitySanitation facility accessHiv/AidsMajor infectious diseasesObesity adult prevalence rateAlcohol consumptionTobacco useChildren under the age of 5 years underweightEducation expendituresLiteracy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990)
Total population: 27%
Male: 43%
Female: 12%
School life expectancy primary to tertiary educationYouth unemploymenttop of pageCountry nameConventional long form: Republic of the Sudan
Conventional short form: Sudan
Local long form: Jumhuriyat as-Sudan
Local short form: As-Sudan
Former: Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
Government type: military civilian government suspended and martial law imposed after 30 June 1989 coup
Capital: Khartoum
Administrative divisions:
9 states (wilayat, singular - wilayat or wilayah*); A'ali an Nil, Al Wusta*, Al Istiwa'iyah*, Al Khartum, Ash
Shamaliyah*, Ash Sharqiyah*, Bahr al Ghazal, Darfur, Kurdufan
Dependent areasIndependence: 1 January 1956 (from Egypt and UK)
National holidayConstitution: 12 April 1973, suspended following coup of 6 April 1985; interim constitution of 10 October 1985 suspended following coup of 30 June 1989
Legal system:
based on English common law and Islamic law; as of 20
January 1991, the Revolutionary Command Council imposed Islamic law in the six northern states of Al Wusta, Al Khartum, Ash Shamaliyah, Ash Sharqiyah,
Darfur, and Kurdufan; the council is still studying criminal provisions under
Islamic law; Islamic law will apply to all residents of the six northern states regardless of their religion; some separate religious courts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
International law organization participationCitizenshipSuffrage: none
Executive branch: executive and legislative authority vested in a 10-member Revolutionary Command Council (RCC; chairman of the RCC acts as prime minister; in July 1989, RCC appointed a predominately civilian 22-member cabinet to function as advisers
Note:Lt. Gen. BASHIR's military government is dominated by members of
Sudan's National Islamic Front, a fundamentalist political organization formed from the Muslim Brotherhood in 1986; front leader Hasan al-TURABI controls
Khartoum's overall domestic and foreign policies
Legislative branch: appointed 300-member Transitional National Assembly; note - as announced 1 January 1992 by RCC Chairman BASHIR, the Assembly assumes all legislative authority for Sudan until the eventual, unspecified resumption of national elections
Judicial branch: Supreme Court, Special Revolutionary Courts
Political parties and leadersInternational organization participation:
ABEDA, ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, CAEU, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77,
IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IGADD, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT,
INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, LORCS, NAM, OAU, OIC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR,
UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representationIn the us chief of mission: Ambassador 'Abdalla Ahmad 'ABDALLA
In the us chancery: 2,210 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20,008
In the us telephone: (202) 338-8,565 through 8,570
In the us consulate general: New York
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador Donald K. PETTERSON
From the us embassy: Shar'ia Ali Abdul Latif, Khartoum
From the us mailing address: P. O. Box 699, Khartoum, or APO AE 9,829
From the us telephone: 74,700 or 74,611
From the us fax: Telex 22,619 green isosceles triangle based on the hoist side
Flag description
National symbolsNational anthemNational heritagetop of pageEconomy overview: Sudan is buffeted by civil war, chronic political instability, adverse weather, high inflation, a drop in remittances from abroad, and counterproductive economic policies. The economy is dominated by governmental entities that account for more than 70% of new investment. The private sector's main areas of activity are agriculture and trading, with most private industrial investment predating 1980. The economy's base is agriculture, which employs 80% of the work force. Industry mainly processes agricultural items. Sluggish economic performance over the past decade, attributable largely to declining annual rainfall, has reduced levels of per capita income and consumption. A large foreign debt and huge arrearages continue to cause difficulties. In 1990 the International Monetary Fund took the unusual step of declaring Sudan noncooperative because of its nonpayment of arrearages to the Fund. Despite subsequent government efforts to implement reforms urged by the IMF and the World Bank, the economy remained stagnant in FY91 as entrepreneurs lack the incentive to take economic risks. Growth in 1992 was featured by the recovery of agricultural production in northern Sudan after two years of drought.
Real gdp purchasing power parityReal gdp growth rate: 9% (FY92 est.)
Real gdp per capita: $184 (FY92 est.)
Gross national savingGdp composition by sector of origin
Gdp composition by end useGdp composition by sector of originAgriculture productsIndustries: cotton ginning, textiles, cement, edible oils, sugar, soap distilling, shoes, petroleum refining shortages; two-thirds of land area suitable for raising crops and livestock; major products - cotton, oilseeds, sorghum, millet, wheat, gum arabic, sheep; marginally self-sufficient in most foods
Industrial production growth rate: growth rate 4.8%; accounts for 11% of GDP (FY92)
Labor force: 6.5 million
By occupation agriculture: 80%
By occupation industry and commerce: 10%
By occupation government: 6%
Note:labor shortages for almost all categories of skilled employment (1983 est.)
52% of population of working age (1985)
Unemployment rate: 30% (FY92 est.)
Youth unemploymentPopulation below poverty lineGini indexHousehold income or consumption by percentage shareDistribution of family income gini indexBudget: revenues $1.3 billion; expenditures $2.1 billion, including capital expenditures of $505 million (FY91 est.)
Taxes and other revenuesPublic debtRevenueFiscal year: 1 July - 30 June
Inflation rate consumer pricesCentral bank discount rateCommercial bank prime lending rateStock of narrow moneyStock of broad moneyStock of domestic creditMarket value of publicly traded sharesCurrent account balanceExports: $315 million (f.o.b., FY92 est.)
Commodoties: cotton 52%, sesame, gum arabic, peanuts
Partners: Western Europe 46%, Saudi Arabia 14%, Eastern Europe 9%, Japan 9%, US 3% (FY88)
Imports: $1.3 billion (c.i.f., FY92 est.)
Commodoties: foodstuffs, petroleum products, manufactured goods, machinery and equipment, medicines and chemicals, textiles
Partners: Western Europe 32%, Africa and Asia 15%, US 13%, Eastern Europe 3% (FY88)
Reserves of foreign exchange and goldDebt externalStock of direct foreign investment at homeStock of direct foreign investment abroadExchange rates: official rate - Sudanese pounds (#Sd) per US$1 - 124 (January 1993), 90.1 (March 1992), 5.4288 (1991), 4.5004 (fixed rate since 1987), 2.8121 (1987; note - free market rate 155 (January 1993)
top of pageElectricityProduction: 610,000 kW capacity; 905 million kWh produced, 40 kWh per capita (1991)
CoalPetroleumCrude oilRefined petroleumNatural gasCarbon dioxide emissionsEnergy consumption per capitaSudan - Communication 1993
top of pageTelephonesTelephone systemBroadcast mediaInternetBroadband fixed subscriptionstop of pageMilitary expendituresPercent of gdp: exchange rate conversion - $339 million, 2.2% of GDP (1989 est.)
Military and security forcesMilitary service age and obligationSpace programTerrorist groupsSudan - Transportation 1993
top of pageNational air transport systemCivil aircraft registration country code prefixAirports: 68
Usable: 56
With permanentsurface runways: 10
With runways over 3659 m: 0
With runways 2440-3659 m: 6
With runways 1220-2439 m: 30
HeliportsPipelines: refined products 815 km
RailwaysRoadwaysWaterways: 5,310 km navigable
Merchant marine:
5 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 42,277 GRT/59,588
DWT; includes 3 cargo, 2 roll-on/roll-off
Ports and terminalsSudan - Transnational issues 1993
top of pageDisputes international:
administrative boundary with Kenya does not coincide with international boundary; administrative boundary with Egypt does not coincide with international boundary creating the "Hala'ib Triangle," a barren area of 20,580 km², the dispute over this area escalated in 1993
October)
Refugees and internally displaced personsIllicit drugs