Map of Togo | Geography | People | Government | Economy | Energy | Communication
Military | Transportation | Transnational Issues | Year: Guide198919901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220232024 | More stats

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Background: French Togoland became Togo in 1960. Despite the facade of multiparty rule instituted in the early 1990s the government continues to be dominated by the military which has maintained its power almost continuously since 1967.


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Location: Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean beween Benin and Ghana

Geographic coordinates

Map reference: Africa, Standard Time Zones of the World

Area
Total: 56,790 km²
Land: 54,390 km²

Land boundaries: total 1,647 km, Benin 644 km, Burkina 126 km, Ghana 877 km

Coastline: 56 km
Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Territorial sea: 30 nm

Maritime claims

Climate: tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north

Terrain: gently rolling savanna in north; central hills; southern plateau; low coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes

Elevation

Natural resources: phosphates, limestone, marble

Land use
Arable land: 25%
Meadows and pastures: 4%
Forest and woodland: 28%
Other: 42%

Irrigated land: 70 km² (1989 est.)

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal

Total renewable water resources

Natural hazards

Geography


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Population: 4,104,657 (July 1993 est.)
Growth rate: 3.61% (1993 est.)

Nationality
Noun: Togolese (singular and plural)
Adjective: Togolese

Ethnic groups:

Languages: French (official and the language of commerce), Ewe (one of the two major African languages in the south), Mina (one of the two major African languages in the south), Dagomba (one of the two major African languages in the north), Kabye (one of the two major African languages in the north)

Religions: indigenous beliefs 70%, Christian 20%, Muslim 10%

Demographic profile

Age structure

Dependency ratios

Median age

Population growth rate: 3.61% (1993 est.)

Birth rate: 47.87 births/1000 population (1993 est.)

Death rate: 11.8 deaths/1000 population (1993 est.)

Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1000 population (1993 est.)

Population distribution

Urbanization

Major urban areas

Environment
Current issues: hot, dry harmattan wind can reduce visibility in north during winter; recent droughts affecting agriculture; deforestation

Air pollutants

Sex ratio

Mothers mean age at first birth

Maternal mortality ratio

Infant mortality rate: 91.3 deaths/1000 live births (1993 est.)

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 56.46 years
Male: 54.45 years
Female: 58.53 years (1993 est.)

Total fertility rate: 6.96 children born/woman (1993 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

Drinking water source

Current health expenditure

Physicians density

Hospital bed density

Sanitation facility access

Hiv/Aids

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate

Alcohol consumption

Tobacco use

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

Education expenditures

Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990)
Total population: 43%
Male: 56%
Female: 31%
By occupation:

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education

Youth unemployment


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Country name
Conventional long form: Republic of Togo
Conventional short form: Togo
Local long form: Republique Togolaise
Local short form: none
Former: French Togo

Government type: republic under transition to multiparty democratic rule

Capital: Lome

Administrative divisions:

Dependent areas

Independence: 27 April 1960 (from UN trusteeship under French administration)

National holiday: Independence Day, 27 April (1960)

Constitution: 1980 constitution nullified during national reform conference; transition constitution adopted 24 August 1991; multiparty draft constitution sent to High Council of the Republic for approval in November 1991; adopted by public referendum September 1992

Legal system: French-based court system

International law organization participation

Citizenship

Suffrage: universal adult at age NA

Executive branch: president, prime minister, Council of Ministers (cabinet)

Legislative branch: National Assembly dissolved during national reform conference; 79-member interim High Council for the Republic (HCR) formed to act as legislature during transition to multiparty democracy; legislative elections scheduled to be held in 1993

Judicial branch: Court of Appeal (Cour d'Appel), Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)

Political parties and leaders

International organization participation:

Diplomatic representation
In the us chief of mission: Ambassador Ellom-Kodjo SCHUPPIUS
In the us chancery: 2,208 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20,008
In the us telephone: (202) 234-4,212 or 4,213
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador Harmon E. KIRBY
From the us embassy: Rue Pelletier Caventou and Rue Vauban, Lome
From the us mailing address: B. P. 852, Lome
From the us telephone: 228 21-29-91 through 94 and 21-77-17
From the us fax: 228 21-79-52

Flag description: five equal horizontal bands of green (top and bottom) alternating with yellow; there is a white five-pointed star on a red square in the upper hoist-side corner; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia

National symbols

National anthem

National heritage


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Economy overview: The economy is heavily dependent on subsistence agriculture, which accounts for about 33% of GDP and provides employment for 78% of the labor force. Primary agricultural exports are cocoa, coffee, and cotton, which together account for about 30% of total export earnings. Togo is self-sufficient in basic foodstuffs when harvests are normal. In the industrial sector phosphate mining is by far the most important activity, with phosphate exports accounting for about 40% of total foreign exchange earnings. number of economic reform measures to encourage foreign investment and bring revenues in line with expenditures. Political unrest, including private and public sector strikes throughout 1991 and 1992, has jeopardized the reform program and has disrupted vital economic activity.

Real gdp purchasing power parity

Real gdp growth rate: 0% (1991 est.)

Real gdp per capita: $400 (1991 est.)

Gross national saving

Gdp composition by end use

Gdp composition by sector of origin

Agriculture products: accounts for 33% of GDP; cash crops - coffee, cocoa, cotton; food crops - yams, cassava, corn, beans, rice, millet, sorghum; livestock production not significant; annual fish catch, 10,000-14,000 tons

Industries: phosphate mining, agricultural processing, cement, handicrafts, textiles, beverages

Industrial production growth rate:

Labor force

Unemployment rate: 2% (1987)

Youth unemployment

Population below poverty line

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget: revenues $284.8 million; expenditures $407 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1991 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

Public debt

Revenue

Fiscal year: calendar year

Inflation rate consumer prices

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares

Current account balance

Exports: $512 million (f.o.b., 1991 est.)
Commodoties: phosphates, cotton, cocoa, coffee
Partners: EC 40%, Africa 16%, US 1% (1990)

Imports: $583 million (f.o.b., 1991 est.)
Commodoties: machinery and equipment, consumer goods, food, chemical products
Partners: EC 57%, Africa 17%, US 5%, Japan 4% (1990)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

Debt external

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates: Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 274.06 (January 1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990), 319.01 (1989), 297.85 (1988)


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Electricity
Production: 179,000 kW capacity; 209 million kWh produced, 60 kWh per capita (1990)

Coal

Petroleum

Crude oil

Refined petroleum

Natural gas

Carbon dioxide emissions

Energy consumption per capita


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Telephones

Telephone system

Broadcast media

Internet

Broadband fixed subscriptions


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Military expenditures
Percent of gdp:

Military and security forces

Military service age and obligation

Space program

Terrorist groups


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National air transport system

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

Airports: 9
Usable: 9
With permanentsurface runways: 2
With runways over 3659 m: 0
With runways 2440-3659 m: 2
With runways 1220-2439 m: 0

Heliports

Pipelines

Railways

Roadways

Waterways: 50 km Mono River

Merchant marine: 2 roll-on/roll-off ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 11,118 GRT/20,529 DWT

Ports and terminals


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Disputes international: none

Refugees and internally displaced persons

Illicit drugs