Statistical information Turkmenistan 1993Turkmenistan

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Turkmenistan in the World
Turkmenistan in the World

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Turkmenistan - Introduction 1993
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Background: Annexed by Russia between 1865 and 1885 Turkmenistan became a Soviet republic in 1925. It achieved its independence upon the dissolution of the USSR in 1991. President NIYAZOV retains absolute control over the country and opposition is not tolerated. Extensive hydrocarbon/natural gas reserves could prove a boon to this underdeveloped country if extraction and delivery projects can be worked out.


Turkmenistan - Geography 1993
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Location:
South Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and
Uzbekistan


Geographic coordinates

Map reference:
Asia, Commonwealth of Independent States - Central Asian
States, Standard Time Zones of the World


Area
Total: 488,100 km²
Land: 488,100 km²

Land boundaries:
total 3,736 km, Afghanistan 744 km, Iran 992 km,
Kazakhstan 379 km, Uzbekistan 1,621 km


Coastline: 0 km; Turkmenistan does border the Caspian Sea (1,768 km)

Maritime claims:
landlocked, but boundaries in the Caspian Sea with
Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Iran will have to be negotiated


Climate: subtropical desert

Terrain: flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes; borders Caspian Sea in west

Elevation

Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, coal, sulphur, salt
Land use

Land use
Permanent crops: 0%
Meadows and pastures: 69%
Forest and woodland: 0%
Other: 28%

Irrigated land: 12,450 km² (1990)

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal

Total renewable water resources

Natural hazards

Geography


Turkmenistan - People 1993
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Population: 3,914,997 (July 1993 est.)
Growth rate: 2.04% (1993 est.)

Nationality
Noun: Turkmen(s)
Adjective: Turkmen

Ethnic groups: Turkmen 73.3%, Russian 9.8%, Uzbek 9%, Kazakhs 2%, other 5.9%

Languages: Turkmen 72%, Russian 12%, Uzbek 9%, other 7%

Religions: Muslim 87%, Eastern Orthodox 11%, unknown 2%

Demographic profile
Age structure

Age structure

Dependency ratios

Median age

Population growth rate: 2.04% (1993 est.)

Birth rate: 30.91 births/1000 population (1993 est.)

Death rate: 7.6 deaths/1000 population (1993 est.)

Net migration rate: -2.87 migrant(s)/1000 population (1993 est.)

Population distribution

Urbanization

Major urban areas

Environment
Current issues: contamination of soil and groundwater with agricultural chemicals, pesticides; salinization, water-logging of soil due to poor irrigation methods
Current issues note: landlocked

Air pollutants

Sex ratio

Mothers mean age at first birth

Maternal mortality ratio

Infant mortality rate: 71.2 deaths/1000 live births (1993 est.)

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 64.93 years
Male: 61.4 years
Female: 68.62 years (1993 est.)

Total fertility rate: 3.82 children born/woman (1993 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

Drinking water source

Current health expenditure

Physicians density

Hospital bed density

Sanitation facility access

Hiv/Aids

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate

Alcohol consumption

Tobacco use

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

Education expenditures

Literacy: age 9-49 can read and write (1970)
Total population: 100%
Male: 100%

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education

Youth unemployment


Turkmenistan - Government 1993
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Country name
Conventional long form: Republic of Turkmenistan
Conventional short form: Turkmenistan
Local long form: Tiurkmenostan Respublikasy
Local short form: Turkmanistan
Former: Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic

Government type: republic

Capital: Ashgabat (Ashkhabad)

Administrative divisions
5 velayets:
Balkan (Nebit Dag), Doshkhovuz (formerly Tashauz), Lebap (Charjev), Mary, Akhal (Ashgabat)
all oblasts have the same name as their administrative center except
Balkan Oblast, centered at Nebit-Dag


Dependent areas

Independence: 27 October 1991 (from the Soviet Union)

National holiday
Independence Day 27 October 1991 ruling party: Democratic Party (formerly Communist), chairman vacant
Opposition:
Party for Democratic Development, Durdymurat HOJA-MUHAMMET, chairman ; Agzybirlik, Nurberdy NURMAMEDOV, cochairman,
Hubayberdi HALLIYEV, cochairman


Constitution: adopted 18 May 1992

Legal system: based on civil law system

International law organization participation

Citizenship

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Executive branch: president, prime minister, nine deputy prime ministers,

Legislative branch: under 1992 constitution there are two parliamentary bodies, a unicameral People's Council (Halk Maslahaty - having more than 100 members and meeting infrequently) and a 50-member unicameral Assembly (Majlis)

Judicial branch: Supreme Court

Political parties and leaders

International organization participation: CIS, CSCE, EBRD, ECO, ESCAP, IBRD, IMF, NACC, UN, UNCTAD

Diplomatic representation
In the us chief of mission: NA
In the us chancery: NA
In the us telephone: NA
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador Joseph S. HULINGS III
From the us embassy: Yubilenaya Hotel, Ashgabat (Ashkhabad)
From the us mailing address: APO AE 9,862
From the us telephone: 7 36,320 24-49-08

Flag descriptionflag of Turkmenistan: green field, including a vertical stripe on the hoist side, with a claret veritcal stripe in between containing five white, black, and orange carpet guls (an assymetrical design used in producing rugs) associated with five different tribes; a white crescent and five white stars in the upper left corner to the right of the carpet guls

National symbols

National anthem

National heritage


Turkmenistan - Economy 1993
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Economy overview: Like the other 15 former Soviet republics, Turkmenistan faces enormous problems of economic adjustment - to move away from Moscow-based central planning toward a system of decisionmaking by private entrepreneurs, local government authorities, and, hopefully, foreign investors. This process requires wholesale changes in supply sources, markets, property rights, and monetary arrangements. Industry - with 10% of the labor force - is heavily weighted toward the energy sector, which produced 11% of the ex-USSR's gas and 1% of its oil. Turkmenistan ranked second among the former Soviet republics in cotton production, mainly in the irrigated western region, where the huge Karakumskiy Canal taps the Amu Darya. The general decline in national product accelerated in 1992, principally because of inability to obtain spare parts and disputes with customers over the price of natural gas.

Real gdp purchasing power parity

Real gdp growth rate: -10% (1992 est.)

Real gdp per capita

Gross national saving
Gdp composition by sector of origin

Gdp composition by end use

Gdp composition by sector of origin

Agriculture products: cotton, fruits, vegetables

Industries: oil and gas, petrochemicals, fertilizers, food processing, textiles

Industrial production growth rate: growth rate -17% (1992 est.)

Labor force: 1.542 million
By occupation agriculture and forestry: 42%
By occupation industry and construction: 21%
By occupation other: 37% (1990)
Labor force

Unemployment rate: 15%-20% (1992 est.)

Youth unemployment

Population below poverty line

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget: revenues $NA; expenditures $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA

Taxes and other revenues

Public debt

Revenue

Fiscal year: calendar year

Inflation rate consumer prices

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares

Current account balance

Exports: $100 million to outside the successor states of the former USSR (1992)
Commodoties: natural gas, oil, chemicals, cotton, textiles, carpets
Partners: Russia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan

Imports: $100 million from outside the successor states of the former USSR (1992)
Commodoties: machinery and parts, plastics and rubber, consumer durables, textiles
Partners: mostly other than former Soviet Union

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

Debt external

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates: rubles per US$1 - 415 (24 December 1992) but subject to wide fluctuations


Turkmenistan - Energy 1993
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Electricity
Production: 2,920,000 kW capacity; 13,100 million kWh produced, 3,079 kWh per capita (1992)

Coal

Petroleum

Crude oil

Refined petroleum

Natural gas

Carbon dioxide emissions

Energy consumption per capita


Turkmenistan - Communication 1993
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Telephones

Telephone system

Broadcast media

Internet

Broadband fixed subscriptions


Turkmenistan - Military 1993
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Military expenditures
Percent of gdp: exchange rate conversion - $NA, NA% of GDP

Military and security forces

Military service age and obligation

Space program

Terrorist groups


Turkmenistan - Transportation 1993
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National air transport system

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

Airports

Heliports

Pipelines: crude oil 250 km, natural gas 4,400 km

Railways

Roadways

Waterways

Merchant marine

Ports and terminals


Turkmenistan - Transnational issues 1993
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Disputes international: none

Refugees and internally displaced persons

Illicit drugs: illicit producer of cannabis and opium; mostly for CIS consumption; limited government eradication program; used as transshipment points for illicit drugs from Southwest Asia to Western Europe


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