Statistical information Uzbekistan 1993

Uzbekistan in the World
top of pageBackground: Russia conquered Uzbekistan in the late 19th century. Stiff resistance to the Red Army after World War I was eventually suppressed and a socialist republic set up in 1925. During the Soviet era intensive production of 'white gold' (cotton) and grain led to overuse of agrochemicals and the depletion of water supplies which have left the land poisoned and the Aral Sea and certain rivers half dry. Independent since 1991 the country seeks to gradually lessen its dependence on agriculture while developing its mineral and petroleum reserves. Current concerns include terrorism by Islamic militant groups from Tajikistan and Afghanistan a non-convertible currency and the curtailment of human rights and democratization.
top of pageLocation:
Central Asia, bordering the Aral Sea, between Kazakhstan and
Turkmenistan
Geographic coordinatesMap reference:
Asia, Commonwealth of Independent States - Central Asian
States, Standard Time Zones of the World
AreaTotal: 447,400 km²
Land: 425,400 km²
Land boundaries:
total 6,221 km, Afghanistan 137 km, Kazakhstan 2,203 km,
Kyrgyzstan 1,099 km, Tajikistan 1,161 km, Turkmenistan 1,621 km
Coastline: 0 km; Uzbekistan does border the Aral Sea (420 km)
Maritime claimsClimate: mostly mid latitude desert; semiarid grassland in east
Terrain: mostly flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes; Fergana Valley in east surrounded by mountainous Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan; shrinking Aral Sea in west
ElevationNatural resources: natural gas, petroleum, coal, gold, uranium, silver, copper, lead and zinc, tungsten, molybdenum
Land useArable land: 10%
Permanent crops: 0%
Meadows and pastures: 47%
Forest and woodland: 0%
Other: 43%
Irrigated land: 41,550 km² (1990)
Major riversMajor watersheds area km²Total water withdrawalTotal renewable water resourcesNatural hazardsGeographytop of pagePopulation: 22,127,946 (July 1993 est.)
Growth rate: 2.17% (1993 est.)
NationalityNoun: Uzbek(s)
Adjective:Uzbek
Tartars 2.4% (includes 70% of Crimean Tatars deported during World War II),
Karakalpaks 2.1%, other 7%
Ethnic groupsLanguages: Uzbek 85%, Russian 5%, other 10%
Religions: Muslim 88% (mostly Sunnis), Eastern Orthodox 9%, other 3%
Demographic profileAge structureDependency ratiosMedian agePopulation growth rate: 2.17% (1993 est.)
Birth rate: 30.57 births/1000 population (1993 est.)
Death rate: 6.63 deaths/1000 population (1993 est.)
Net migration rate: -2.2 migrant(s)/1000 population (1993 est.)
Population distributionUrbanizationMajor urban areasEnvironmentCurrent issues: drying up of the Aral Sea is resulting in growing concentrations of chemical pesticides and natural salts
Current issues note: landlocked
Air pollutantsSex ratioMothers mean age at first birthMaternal mortality ratioInfant mortality rate: 54.4 deaths/1000 live births (1993 est.)
Life expectancy at birthTotal population: 68.36 years
Male: 65.05 years
Female: 71.84 years (1993 est.)
Total fertility rate: 3.78 children born/woman (1993 est.)
Contraceptive prevalence rateDrinking water sourceCurrent health expenditurePhysicians densityHospital bed densitySanitation facility accessHiv/AidsMajor infectious diseasesObesity adult prevalence rateAlcohol consumptionTobacco useChildren under the age of 5 years underweightEducation expendituresLiteracy: age 9-49 can read and write (1970)
Total population: 100%
Male: 100%
Female: 100%
School life expectancy primary to tertiary educationYouth unemploymenttop of pageCountry nameConventional long form: Republic of Uzbekistan
Conventional short form: Uzbekistan
Local long form: Uzbekiston Respublikasi
Local short form: none
Former: Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic
Government type: republic
Capital: Tashkent (Toshkent)
Administrative divisions:
12 oblasts (oblastey, singular - oblast') and 1 autonomous republic* (avtomnaya respublika); Andizhan, Bukhara, Dzhizak,
Fergana, Karakalpakstan* (Nukus), Kashkadar'ya (Karshi), Khorezm (Urgench),
Namangan, Navoi, Samarkand, Surkhandar'ya (Termez), Syrdar'ya (Gulistan),
Tashkent
an administrative division has the same name as its administrative center (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses)
Dependent areasIndependence: 31 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)
National holiday: Independence Day, 1 September (1991)
Constitution: new constitution adopted 8 December 1992
Legal system: evolution of Soviet civil law
International law organization participationCitizenshipSuffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch: president, prime minister, cabinet
Legislative branch: unicameral Supreme Soviet
Judicial branch: Supreme Court
Political parties and leadersInternational organization participation:
CIS, CSCE, EBRD, ECO, ESCAP, IBRD, IDA, IMF, NACC, UN, UNCTAD,
WHO
Diplomatic representationIn the us chief of mission: Ambassador Muhammed Babir MALIKOV
In the us chancery: 200 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20,006
In the us telephone: (202) 778-0107
In the us fax: (202) 861-0472
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador Henry L. CLARKE
From the us embassy: 55 Chelanzanskaya, Tashkent
From the us mailing address: APO AE 9,862
From the us telephone: 7 (3,712) 77-14-07
Flag description
: three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and green separated by red fimbriations with a crescent moon and 12 stars in the upper hoist-side quadrant largest global producer. Moscow's push for ever-increasing amounts of cotton had included massive irrigation projects which caused extensive environmental damage to the Aral Sea and rivers of the republic. Furthermore, the lavish use of chemical fertilizers has caused extensive pollution and widespread health problems. Recently the republic has sought to encourage food production at the expense of cotton. The small industrial sector specializes in such items as agricultural machinery, mineral fertilizers, vegetable oil, and bridge cranes. Uzbekistan also has some important natural resources including gold (about 30% of former Soviet production), uranium, and natural gas. The Uzbek Government has encouraged some land reform but has shied away from other aspects of economic reform. Output and living standards continued to fall in 1992 largely because of the cumulative impact of disruptions in supply that have followed the dismemberment of the USSR.
National symbolsNational anthemNational heritagetop of pageEconomy overviewReal gdp purchasing power parityReal gdp growth rate: -10% (1992)
Real gdp per capita: $NA
Gross national savingGdp composition by sector of origin
Gdp composition by end useGdp composition by sector of originAgriculture products: cotton, with much smaller production of grain, fruits, vegetables, and livestock
Industries: chemical and mineral fertilizers, vegetable oil, textiles
Industrial production growth rate: growth rate -6%
Labor force: 7.941 million
By occupation agriculture and forestry: 39%
By occupation industry and construction: 24%
By occupation other: 37% (1990)
Unemployment rate: 0.1% includes only officially registered unemployed; there are also large numbers of underemployed workers
Youth unemploymentPopulation below poverty lineGini indexHousehold income or consumption by percentage shareDistribution of family income gini indexBudget: revenues $NA; expenditures $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA
Taxes and other revenuesPublic debtRevenueFiscal year: calendar year
Inflation rate consumer pricesCentral bank discount rateCommercial bank prime lending rateStock of narrow moneyStock of broad moneyStock of domestic creditMarket value of publicly traded sharesCurrent account balanceExports: $900 million to outside the successor states of the former USSR (1992)
Commodoties: cotton, gold, textiles, chemical and mineral fertilizers, vegetable oil
Partners: Russia, Ukraine, Eastern Europe
Imports: $900 million from outside the successor states of the former USSR (1992)
Commodoties: machinery and parts, consumer durables, grain, other foods
Partners: principally other former Soviet republics
Reserves of foreign exchange and goldDebt externalStock of direct foreign investment at homeStock of direct foreign investment abroadExchange rates: rubles per US$1 - 415 (24 December 1992) but subject to wide fluctuations
top of pageElectricityProduction: 11,950,000 kW capacity; 50,900 million kWh produced, 2,300 kWh per capita (1992)
CoalPetroleumCrude oilRefined petroleumNatural gasCarbon dioxide emissionsEnergy consumption per capitatop of pageTelephonesTelephone systemBroadcast mediaInternetBroadband fixed subscriptionstop of pageMilitary expendituresPercent of gdp: exchange rate conversion - $NA, NA% of GDP
Military and security forcesMilitary service age and obligationSpace programTerrorist groupstop of pageNational air transport systemCivil aircraft registration country code prefixAirportsTotol: 265
Usable: 74
With permanentsurface runways: 30
With runways over 3659 m: 2
With runways 2440-3659 m: 20
With runways 1220-2439 m: 19
HeliportsPipelines: crude oil 250 km, petroleum products 40 km, natural gas 810 km (1992)
RailwaysRoadwaysWaterwaysMerchant marinePorts and terminalstop of pageDisputes international: none
Refugees and internally displaced personsIllicit drugs: illicit producers of cannabis and opium; mostly for CIS consumption; limited government eradication programs; used as transshipment