Map of Macedonia | Geography | People | Government | Economy | Energy | Communication
Military | Transportation | Transnational Issues | Year: Guide19891990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005200620072008200920102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120222023 | More stats

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Background: International recognition of The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia's (FYROM) independence from Yugoslavia in 1991 was delayed by Greece's objection to the new state's use of what it considered a Hellenic name and symbols.


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Location: Balkan State, Southeastern Europe, between Serbia and Montenegro and Greece

Geographic coordinates

Map reference: Ethnic Groups in Eastern Europe, Europe, Standard Time Zones of the World

Area
Total: total area: 25,333 km²; land:24,856 km²

Land boundaries: total 748 km, Albania 151 km, Bulgaria 148 km, Greece 228 km, Serbia and Montenegro 221 km (all with Serbia)

Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)

Maritime claims: none; landlocked

Climate: hot, dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall

Terrain: mountainous territory covered with deep basins and valleys; there are three large lakes, each divided by a frontier line

Elevation

Natural resources: chromium, lead, zinc, manganese, tungsten, nickel, low-grade iron ore, asbestos, sulphur, timber

Land use: arable land:5%; permanent crops:5%; meadows and pastures:20%; forest and woodland:30%; other:40%

Irrigated land: NA km²

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal

Total renewable water resources

Natural hazards: high seismic risks

Geography
Note: landlocked; major transportation corridor from Western and Central Europe to Aegean Sea and Southern Europe to Western Europe


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Population: 2,213,785 (July 1994 est.)
Growth rate: 0.89% (1994 est.)

Nationality: noun:Macedonian(s)

Ethnic groups: Macedonian 65%, Albanian 22%, Turkish 4%, Serb 2%, Gypsies 3%, other 4%

Languages: Macedonian 70%, Albanian 21%, Turkish 3%, Serbo-Croatian 3%, other 3%

Religions: Eastern Orthodox 67%, Muslim 30%, other 3%

Demographic profile

Age structure

Dependency ratios

Median age

Population growth rate: 0.89% (1994 est.)

Birth rate: 15.59 births/1000 population (1994 est.)

Death rate: 6.72 deaths/1000 population (1994 est.)

Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1000 population (1994 est.)

Population distribution

Urbanization

Major urban areas

Environment
Current issues: air pollution from metallurgical plants

Air pollutants

Sex ratio

Mothers mean age at first birth

Maternal mortality ratio

Infant mortality rate: 27.8 deaths/1000 live births (1994 est.)

Life expectancy at birth: total population:73.59 years; male:71.51 years; female:75.85 years (1994 est.)

Total fertility rate: 1.98 children born/woman (1994 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

Drinking water source

Current health expenditure

Physicians density

Hospital bed density

Sanitation facility access

Hiv/Aids

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate

Alcohol consumption

Tobacco use

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

Education expenditures

Literacy: total population:NA%; male:NA%; female:NA%

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education

Youth unemployment


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Country name: conventional long form: conventional short form: none; local long form: Republika Makedonija; local short form; Makedonija; Abbreviation:F.Y.R.O.M.

Government type: emerging democracy

Capital: Skopje

Administrative divisions: 34 counties (opstinas, singular - opstina) Berovo, Bitola, Brod, Debar, Delcevo, Gevgelija, Gostivar, Kavadarci, Kicevo, Kocani, Kratovo, Kriva Palanka, Krusevo, Kumanovo, Murgasevo, Negotino, Ohrid, Prilep, Probistip, Radovis, Resen, Skopje-Centar, Skopje-Cair, Skopje-Karpos, Skopje-Kisela Voda, Skopje-Gazi Baba, Stip, Struga, Strumica, Sveti Nikole, Tetovo, Titov Veles, Valandovo, Vinica

Dependent areas

Independence: 17 September 1991 (from Yugoslavia)

National holiday: NA

Constitution: adopted 17 November 1991, effective 20 November 1991

Legal system: based on civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts

International law organization participation

Citizenship

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Executive branch: chief of state:President Kiro GLIGOROV (since 27 January 1991); election last held 27 January 1991 (next to be held NA); results - Kiro GLIGOROV was elected by the Assembly; head of government:Prime Minister Branko CRVENKOVSKI (since 4 September 1992), Deputy Prime Ministers Jovan ANDONOV (since NA March 1991), Risto IVANOV (since NA), and Becir ZUTA (since NA March 1991)

Legislative branch: Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Force, Police Force

Judicial branch: Constitutional Court, Judicial Court of the Republic

Political parties and leaders

International organization participation: CE (guest), CSCE (observer), EBRD, ECE, ICAO, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), ITU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO

Diplomatic representation
From the us:

Flag description: 16-point gold sun (Vergina, Sun) centered on a red field

National symbols

National anthem

National heritage


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Economy overview: The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, although the poorest republic in the former Yugoslav federation, can meet basic food and energy needs through its own agricultural and coal resources. Its economic decline will continue unless ties are reforged or enlarged with its neighbors Serbia and Montenegro, Albania, Greece, and Bulgaria. The economy depends on outside sources for all of its oil and gas and its modern machinery and parts. Continued political turmoil, both internally and in the region as a whole, prevents any swift readjustments of trade patterns and economic programs. The country's industrial output and GDP are expected to decline further in 1994. The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia's geographical isolation, technological backwardness, and potential political instability place it far down the list of countries of interest to Western investors. Resolution of the dispute with Greece and an internal commitment to economic reform would help to encourage foreign investment over the long run. In the immediate future, the worst scenario for the economy would be the spread of fighting across its borders.

Real gdp purchasing power parity

Real gdp growth rate: -14.7% (1992 est.)

Real gdp per capita ppp

Gross national saving

Gdp composition by end use

Gdp composition by sector of origin

Agriculture products: provides 12% of GDP and meets the basic needs for food; principal crops are rice, tobacco, wheat, corn, and millet; also grown are cotton, sesame, mulberry leaves, citrus fruit, and vegetables; The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia is one of the seven legal cultivators of the opium poppy for the world pharmaceutical industry, including some exports to the US; agricultural production is highly labor intensive

Industries: low levels of technology predominate, such as, oil refining by distillation only; produces basic liquid fuels, coal, metallic chromium, lead, zinc, and ferronickel; light industry produces basic textiles, wood products, and tobacco

Industrial production growth rate: -14% (1993 est.)

Labor force: 507,324
By occupation agriculture: 8%
By occupation manufacturing and mining: 40% (1990)

Unemployment rate: 27% (1993 est.)

Youth unemployment

Population below poverty line

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget: revenues:$N/A

Public debt

Taxes and other revenues

Revenue

Fiscal year: calendar year

Current account balance

Inflation rate consumer prices

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares

Current account balance

Exports: $889 million (1993)
Commodities: manufactured goods 40%, machinery and transport equipment 14%, miscellaneous manufactured articles 23%, raw materials 7.6%, food (rice) and live animals 5.7%, beverages and tobacco 4.5%, chemicals 4.7% (1990)
Partners: principally Serbia and Montenegro and the other former Yugoslav republics, Germany, Greece, Albania

Imports: $963 million (1993)
Commodities: fuels and lubricants 19%, manufactured goods 18%, machinery and transport equipment 15%, food and live animals 14%, chemicals 11.4%, raw materials 10%, miscellaneous manufactured articles 8.0%, beverages and tobacco 3.5% (1990)
Partners: other former Yugoslav republics, Greece, Albania, Germany, Bulgaria

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

Debt external: $840 million (1992)

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates: denar per US$1 - 865 (October 1992)


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Electricity access

Electricity production: 6.3 billion kWh

Electricity consumption
Per capita: 2,900 kWh (1992)

Electricity exports

Electricity imports

Electricity installed generating capacity

Electricity transmission distribution losses

Electricity generation sources

Petroleum

Refined petroleum

Natural gas

Carbon dioxide emissions

Energy consumption per capita


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Telephones fixed lines

Telephones mobile cellular

Telephone system

Broadcast media

Internet country code

Internet users

Broadband fixed subscriptions


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Military expenditures
Dollar figure: 7 billion denars, NA% of GNP (1993 est.); note - conversion of the military budget into US dollars using the prevailing exchange rate could produce misleading results

Military and security forces

Military service age and obligation

Space program

Terrorist groups


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National air transport system

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

Airports: total:16; usable:16; with permanent-surface runways:10; with runways over 3,659 m:0; with runways 2,440-3,659 m:2; with runways 1,220-2,439 m:2

Airports with paved runways

Airports with unpaved runways

Heliports

Pipelines: none

Railways

Roadways

Waterways: NA km

Merchant marine

Ports and terminals


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Disputes international: Greece claims republic's name implies territorial claims against Aegean Macedonia

Refugees and internally displaced persons

Illicit drugs: limited illicit opium cultivation; transshipment point for Asian heroin