Map of Cambodia | Geography | People | Government | Economy | Energy | Communication
Military | Transportation | Transnational Issues | Year: Guide198919901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220232024 | More stats

top of page


Background: Following a five-year struggle communist Khmer Rouge forces captured Phnom Penh in 1975 and ordered the evacuation of all cities and towns; over 1 million displaced people died from execution or enforced hardships. A 1978 Vietnamese invasion drove the Khmer Rouge into the countryside and touched off 13 years of fighting. UN-sponsored elections in 1993 helped restore some semblance of normalcy as did the rapid diminishment of the Khmer Rouge.


top of page


Location: Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, between Thailand and Vietnam

Geographic coordinates

Map reference: Asia, Southeast Asia, Standard Time Zones of the World

Area
Total area total: 181,040 km²
Land: 176,520 km²

Land boundaries: total 2,572 km, Laos 541 km, Thailand 803 km, Vietnam 1,228 km

Coastline: 443 km

Maritime claims
Contiguous zone: 24 nm
Continental shelf: 200 nm
Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Territorial sea: 12 nm

Climate: tropical; rainy, monsoon season (May to October; dry season (December to March; little seasonal temperature variation

Terrain: mostly low, flat plains; mountains in southwest and north

Elevation

Natural resources: timber, gemstones, some iron ore, manganese, phosphates, hydropower potential

Land use
Arable land: 16%
Permanent crops: 1%
Meadows and pastures: 3%
Forest and woodland: 76%
Other: 4%

Irrigated land: 920 km² (1989 est.)

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal

Total renewable water resources

Natural hazards: monsoonal rains (June to November)

Geography
Note: a land of paddies and forests dominated by the Mekong River and Tonle Sap


top of page


Population: 10,264,628 (July 1994 est.)
Growth rate: 2.87% (1994 est.)

Nationality: noun:Cambodian(s)

Ethnic groups: Khmer 90%, Vietnamese 5%, Chinese 1%, other 4%

Languages: Khmer (official), French

Religions: Theravada Buddhism 95%, other 5%

Demographic profile

Age structure

Dependency ratios

Median age

Population growth rate: 2.87% (1994 est.)

Birth rate: 45.09 births/1000 population (1994 est.)

Death rate: 16.36 deaths/1000 population (1994 est.)

Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1000 population (1994 est.)

Population distribution

Urbanization

Major urban areas

Environment
Current issues: deforestation resulting in habitat loss and declining biodiversity (in particular, destruction of mangrove swamps threatens natural fisheries)

Air pollutants

Sex ratio

Mothers mean age at first birth

Maternal mortality ratio

Infant mortality rate: 110.6 deaths/1000 live births (1994 est.)

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 49.26 years
Male: 47.8 years
Female: 50.8 years (1994 est.)

Total fertility rate: 5.81 children born/woman (1994 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

Drinking water source

Current health expenditure

Physicians density

Hospital bed density

Sanitation facility access

Hiv/Aids

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate

Alcohol consumption

Tobacco use

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

Education expenditures

Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)
Total population: 35%
Male: 48%
Female: 22%

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education

Youth unemployment


top of page


Country name
Conventional long form: Kingdom of Cambodia
Conventional short form:

Government type: multiparty liberal democracy under a constitutional monarchy established in September 1993

Capital: Phnom Penh

Administrative divisions: 20 provinces (khet, singular and plural; Banteay Meanchey, Batdambang, Kampong Cham, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Spoe, Kampong Thum, Kampot, Kandal, Kaoh Kong, Kracheh, Mondol Kiri, Phnum Penh, Pouthisat, Preah Vihear, Prey Veng, Rotanokiri, Siemreab-Otdar Meanchey, Stoeng Treng, Svay Rieng, Takev

Dependent areas

Independence: 9 November 1949 (from France)

National holiday: Independence Day, 9 November 1949

Constitution: promulgated September 1993

Legal system: currently being defined

International law organization participation

Citizenship

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Executive branch
Chief of state: King Norodom SIHANOUK (reinstated NA September 1993)
Head of government: power shared between First Prime Minister Prince Norodom RANARIDDH and Second Prime Minister HUN SEN

Legislative branch: unicameral; a 120-member constituent assembly based on proportional representation within each province was establised following the UN-supervised election in May 1993; the constituent assembly was transformed into a legislature in September 1993 after delegates promulgated the constitution
Khmer Royal Armed Forces KRAF: created in 1993 by the merger of the Cambodian People's Armed Forces and the two non-Communist resistance armies; note - the KRAF is also known as the Royal Cambodian Armed Forces (RCAF)
Resistance forces: National Army of Democratic Kampuchea (Khmer Rouge)

Judicial branch: Supreme Court established under the constitution has not yet been established and the future judicial system is yet to be defined by law

Political parties and leaders

International organization participation: ACCT (observer), AsDB, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, ITU, LORCS, NAM, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO

Diplomatic representation
From the us: Ambassador SISOWATH SIRIRATH represents Cambodia at the United Nations
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador Charles H. TWINING
From the us embassy: 27 EO Street 240, Phnom Penh
From the us mailing address: Box P, APO AP 96,546
From the us telephone: (855) 23-26,436 or (855) 23-26,438
From the us fax: (855) 23-26,437

Flag description: horizontal band of red separates two equal horizontal bands of blue with a white three-towered temple representing Angkor Wat in the center

National symbols

National anthem

National heritage


top of page


Economy overview: The Cambodian economy - virtually destroyed by decades of war - is slowly recovering. Government leaders are moving toward restoring fiscal and monetary discipline and have established good working relations with international financial institutions. Despite such positive developments, the reconstruction effort faces many tough challenges. Rural Cambodia, where 90% of almost ten million Khmer live, remains mired in poverty. The almost total lack of basic infrastructure in the countryside will hinder development and will contribute to a growing imbalance in growth between urban and rural areas over the near term. Moreover, the new government's lack of experience in administering economic and technical assistance programs, and rampant corruption among officials, will slow the growth of critical public sector investment. Inflation for 1993 as a whole was 60%, less than a quarter of the 1992 rate, and was declining during the year. The government hoped the rate would fall to 10% in early 1994.

Real gdp purchasing power parity

Real gdp growth rate: 7.5% (1993 est.)

Real gdp per capita: $600 (1993 est.)

Gross national saving

Gdp composition by end use

Gdp composition by sector of origin

Agriculture products: accounts for 50% of GDP; mainly subsistence farming except for rubber plantations; main crops - rice, rubber, corn; food shortages - rice, meat, vegetables, dairy products, sugar, flour

Industries: rice milling, fishing, wood and wood products, rubber, cement, gem mining

Industrial production growth rate: 15.6% (year NA; accounts for 10% of GDP

Labor force: 2.5 million to 3 million
By occupation: agriculture 80% (1988 est.)

Unemployment rate: NA%

Youth unemployment

Population below poverty line

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget: revenues:$350 million

Taxes and other revenues

Public debt

Revenue

Fiscal year: calendar year

Inflation rate consumer prices

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares

Current account balance

Exports: $70 million (f.o.b., 1992 est.)
Commodities: natural rubber, rice, pepper, raw timber
Partners: Thailand, Japan, India, Singapore, Malaysia, China, Vietnam

Imports: $360 million (c.i.f., 1992 est.)
Commodities: international food aid; fuels, consumer goods, machinery
Partners: Japan, India, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, China, Vietnam

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

Debt external: total outstanding bilateral official debt to OECD members $248 million (yearend 1991), plus 840 million ruble debt to former CEMA countries

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates: riels (CR) per US$1 - 2,390 (December 1993), 2,800 (September 1992), 500 (December 1991), 560 (1990), 159.00 (1988), 100.00 (1987)


top of page


Electricity
Capacity: 35,000 kW
Production: 70 million kWh
Consumption per capita: 9 kWh (1990)

Coal

Petroleum

Crude oil

Refined petroleum

Natural gas

Carbon dioxide emissions

Energy consumption per capita


top of page


Telephones

Telephone system

Broadcast media

Internet

Broadband fixed subscriptions


top of page


Military expenditures
Dollar figure: $NA, NA% of GDP

Military and security forces

Military service age and obligation

Space program

Terrorist groups


top of page


National air transport system

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

Airports: 20
Usable: 13
With permanentsurface runways: 6
With runways over 3659 m: 0
With runways 2440-3659 m: 2
With runways 1220-2439 m: 8

Heliports

Pipelines

Railways

Roadways

Waterways: 3,700 km navigable all year to craft drawing 0.6 meters; 282 km navigable to craft drawing 1.8 meters

Merchant marine

Ports and terminals


top of page


Disputes international: offshore islands and sections of the boundary with Vietnam are in dispute; maritime boundary with Vietnam not defined; parts of border with Thailand in dispute; maritime boundary with Thailand not clearly defined

Refugees and internally displaced persons

Illicit drugs: secondary transshipment country for heroin produced in the Golden Triangle