Statistical information Tajikistan 1994

Tajikistan in the World
top of pageBackground: Tajikistan has experienced three changes of government since it gained independence in September 1991. The current president, Emomali RAKHMONOV, was elected to the presidency in November 1994, yet has been in power since 1992. The country is suffering through its third year of a civil war, with no clear end in sight. Underlying the conflict are deeply-rooted regional and clan-based animosities that pit a government consisting of people primarily from the Kulob (Kulyab), Khujand (Leninabad), and Hisor (Hissar) regions against a secular and Islamic-led opposition from the Gharm, Gorno-Badakhshan, and Qurghonteppa (Kurgan-Tyube) regions. Government and opposition representatives have held periodic rounds of UN-mediated peace talks and agreed in September 1994 to a cease-fire. Russian-led peacekeeping troops are deployed throughout the country, and Russian border guards are stationed along the Tajik-Afghan border.
top of pageLocation: Central Asia, between Uzbekistan and China
Geographic coordinatesMap reference:
Asia, Commonwealth of Independent States - Central Asian States, Standard Time Zones of the WorldAreaTotal area total: 143,100 km²
Land: 142,700 km²
Land boundaries: total 3,651 km, Afghanistan 1,206 km, China 414 km, Kyrgyzstan 870 km, Uzbekistan 1,161 km
Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims: none; landlocked
Climate: midlatitude continental, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid to polar in Pamir Mountains
Terrain: Pamir and Alay Mountains dominate landscape; western Fergana Valley in north, Kofarnihon and Vakhsh Valleys in southwest
ElevationNatural resources: significant hydropower potential, some petroleum, uranium, mercury, brown coal, lead, zinc, antimony, tungsten
Land useArable land: 6%
Permanent crops: 0%
Meadows and pastures: 23%
Forest and woodland: 0%
Other: 71%
Irrigated land: 6,940 km² (1990)
Major riversMajor watersheds area km²Total water withdrawalTotal renewable water resourcesNatural hazards: NA
GeographyNote: landlocked
top of pagePopulation: 5,995,469 (July 1994 est.)
Growth rate: 2.67% (1994 est.)
Nationality: noun:Tajik(s)
Ethnic groups: Tajik 64.9%, Uzbek 25%, Russian 3.5% (declining because of emigration), other 6.6%
Languages: Tajik (official), Russian widely used in government and business
Religions: Sunni Muslim 80%, Shi'a Muslim 5%
Demographic profileAge structureDependency ratiosMedian agePopulation growth rate: 2.67% (1994 est.)
Birth rate: 34.79 births/1000 population (1994 est.)
Death rate: 6.71 deaths/1000 population (1994 est.)
Net migration rate: -1.43 migrant(s)/1000 population (1994 est.)
Population distributionUrbanizationMajor urban areasEnvironmentCurrent issues: inadequate sanitation facilities; increasing levels of soil salinity; industrial pollution; excessive pesticides; Tajikistan is part of the basin of the shrinking Aral Sea which suffers from severe overutilization of available water for irrigation and associated pollution
International agreements: NA
Air pollutantsSex ratioMothers mean age at first birthMaternal mortality ratioInfant mortality rate: 62 deaths/1000 live births (1994 est.)
Life expectancy at birthTotal population: 68.76 years
Male: 65.88 years
Female: 71.79 years (1994 est.)
Total fertility rate: 4.62 children born/woman (1994 est.)
Contraceptive prevalence rateDrinking water sourceCurrent health expenditurePhysicians densityHospital bed densitySanitation facility accessHiv/AidsMajor infectious diseasesObesity adult prevalence rateAlcohol consumptionTobacco useChildren under the age of 5 years underweightEducation expendituresLiteracy: age 9-49 can read and write (1970)
Total population: 100%
Male: 100%
Female: 99%
School life expectancy primary to tertiary educationYouth unemploymenttop of pageCountry nameConventional long form: Republic of Tajikistan
Conventional short form:local long form: Respublika i Tojikiston
local short form; none
Former: Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic
Government type: republic
Capital: Dushanbe
Administrative divisions: 2 oblasts (viloyotho, singular - viloyat) and one autonomous oblast* (viloyati avtonomii); Viloyati Avtonomii Badakhshoni Kuni* (Khorugh - formerly Khorog), Viloyati Khatlon (Qurghonteppa - formerly Kurgan-Tyube), Viloyati Leninobad (Khujand - formerly Leninabad)
Note: the administrative center names are in parentheses
Dependent areasIndependence: 9 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)
National holiday: National Day, 9 September (1991)
Constitution: a referendum on new constitution planned for June 1994
Legal system: based on civil law system; no judicial review of legislative acts
International law organization participationCitizenshipSuffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branchChief of state: Head of State and Assembly Chairman Emomili RAKHMONOV (since NA November 1992); election last held 27 October 1991 (next to be held NA September 1994); results - Rakhman NABIYEV, Communist Party 60%; Davlat KHUDONAZAROV, Democratic Party, Islamic Rebirth Party and Rastokhoz Party 30%
Head of government: Prime Minister Abdujalil SAMADOV (since 27 December 993)
Legislative branch: Army (being formed), National Guard, Security Forces (internal and border troops)
Supreme Soviet: elections last held 25 February 1990 (next to be held NA September 1994); results - Communist Party 99%, other 1%; seats - (230 total) Communist Party 227, other 3
Judicial branch: Prosecutor General
Political parties and leadersInternational organization participation: CIS, CSCE, EBRD, ECO, ESCAP, IBRD, IDA, IDB, IMF, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), IOC, NACC, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, WHO, WMO
Diplomatic representationFrom the us chief of mission: Ambassador Stanley T. ESCUDERO
From the us chancery: NA
From the us telephone: [7] (3,772) 21-03-56 and 21-03-60
From the us embassy: Hotel October, 105A Rudaki Prospect, Dushanbe
From the us mailing address: use embassy street address
Flag description
: three horizontal stripes of red (top), a wider stripe of white, and green; a crown surmounted by seven five-pointed stars is located in the center of the white stripe
National symbolsNational anthemNational heritagetop of pageEconomy overview: Tajikistan had the lowest per capita GDP in the former USSR, the highest rate of population growth, and the lowest standard of living. Its economy at the start of 1994 is producing at roughly the 1989 level and faces urgent reconstruction tasks from the 1992 civil war. Tajikistan's economy was severely disrupted by the breakup of the Soviet economy, which provided guaranteed trade relations and heavy subsidies and in which specialized tasks were assigned to each republic. Its economy is highly agricultural (43% of the work force; it has specialized in growing cotton for export and must import a large share of its food. Its industry (14% of the work force) produces aluminum, hydropower, machinery, and household appliances. Nearly all petroleum products must be imported. Constant political turmoil and continued dominance of former Communist officials have slowed the process of economic reform and brought near economic collapse while limiting foreign assistance. Tajikistan is in the midst of a prolonged monetary crisis in which it is attempting to continue to use the Russian ruble as its currency while its neighbors have switched to new independent currencies; Russia is unwilling to advance sufficient rubles without attaching stringent reform conditions.
Real gdp purchasing power parityReal gdp growth rate: -21% (1993 est.)
Real gdp per capita: $1,180 (1993 est.)
Gross national savingGdp composition by sector of origin
Gdp composition by end useGdp composition by sector of originAgriculture products: cotton, grain, fruits, grapes, vegetables; cattle, sheep and goats
Industries: aluminum, zinc, lead, chemicals and fertilizers, cement, vegetable oil, metal-cutting machine tools, refrigerators and freezers
Industrial production growth rate: -20% (1993 est.)
Labor force: 1.95 million (1992)
By occupation agriculture and forestry: 43%
By occupation governmentand services: 24%
By occupation industry: 14%
By occupation tradeandcommunications: 11%
By occupation construction: 8% (1990)
Unemployment rate: 1.1% includes only officially registered unemployed; also large numbers of underemployed workers and unregistered unemployed people
Youth unemploymentPopulation below poverty lineGini indexHousehold income or consumption by percentage shareDistribution of family income gini indexBudget: revenues:$NA
Taxes and other revenuesPublic debtRevenueFiscal year: calendar year
Inflation rate consumer pricesCentral bank discount rateCommercial bank prime lending rateStock of narrow moneyStock of broad moneyStock of domestic creditMarket value of publicly traded sharesCurrent account balanceExports: $263 million to outside the FSU countries (1993)
Commodities: cotton, aluminum, fruits, vegetable oil, textiles
Partners: Russia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan
Imports: $371 million from outside the FSU countries (1993)
Commodities: fuel, chemicals, machinery and transport equipment, textiles, foodstuffs
Partners: Russia, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan
Reserves of foreign exchange and goldDebt external: $NA
Stock of direct foreign investment at homeStock of direct foreign investment abroadExchange rates: NA
top of pageElectricityCapacity: 4,585,000 kW
Production: 16.8 billion kWh
Consumption per capita: 2,879 kWh (1992)
CoalPetroleumCrude oilRefined petroleumNatural gasCarbon dioxide emissionsEnergy consumption per capitatop of pageTelephonesTelephone systemBroadcast mediaInternetBroadband fixed subscriptionstop of pageMilitary expendituresDollar figure: $NA, NA% of GDP
Military and security forcesMilitary service age and obligationSpace programTerrorist groupstop of pageNational air transport systemCivil aircraft registration country code prefixAirports: 58
Usable: 30
With permanentsurface runways: 12
With runways over 3659 m: 0
With runways 2440-3659 m: 4
With runways 10602439 m: 13
Note: a C-130 can land on a 1,060-m airstrip
HeliportsPipelines: natural gas 400 km (1992)
RailwaysRoadwaysWaterwaysMerchant marinePorts and terminalstop of pageDisputes international: boundary with China in dispute; territorial dispute with Kyrgyzstan on northern boundary in Isfara Valley area; Afghanistan's and other foreign support to Tajik rebels based in northern Afghanistan
Refugees and internally displaced personsIllicit drugs: illicit cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy; mostly for CIS consumption; limited government eradication programs; used as transshipment points for illicit drugs from Southwest Asia to Western Europe and North America