Map of Togo | Geography | People | Government | Economy | Energy | Communication
Military | Transportation | Transnational Issues | Year: Guide198919901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220232024 | More stats

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Background: French Togoland became Togo in 1960. Despite the facade of multiparty rule instituted in the early 1990s the government continues to be dominated by the military which has maintained its power almost continuously since 1967.


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Location: Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean beween Benin and Ghana

Geographic coordinates

Map reference: Africa, Standard Time Zones of the World

Area
Total area total: 56,790 km²
Land: 54,390 km²

Land boundaries: total 1,647 km, Benin 644 km, Burkina 126 km, Ghana 877 km

Coastline: 56 km

Maritime claims
Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Territorial sea: 30 nm

Climate: tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north

Terrain: gently rolling savanna in north; central hills; southern plateau; low coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes

Elevation

Natural resources: phosphates, limestone, marble

Land use
Arable land: 25%
Permanent crops: 1%
Meadows and pastures: 4%
Forest and woodland: 28%
Other: 42%

Irrigated land: 70 km² (1989 est.)

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal

Total renewable water resources

Natural hazards: hot, dry harmattan wind can reduce visibility in north during winter

Geography


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Population: 4,255,090 (July 1994 est.)
Growth rate: 3.59% (1994 est.)

Nationality: noun:Togolese (singular and plural)

Ethnic groups: 37 tribes; largest and most important are Ewe, Mina, and Kabye, European and Syrian-Lebanese under 1%

Languages: French (official and the language of commerce), Ewe (one of the two major African languages in the south), Mina (one of the two major African languages in the south), Dagomba (one of the two major African languages in the north), Kabye (one of the two major African languages in the north)

Religions: indigenous beliefs 70%, Christian 20%, Muslim 10%

Demographic profile

Age structure

Dependency ratios

Median age

Population growth rate: 3.59% (1994 est.)

Birth rate: 47.3 births/1000 population (1994 est.)

Death rate: 11.39 deaths/1000 population (1994 est.)

Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1000 population (1994 est.)

Population distribution

Urbanization

Major urban areas

Environment
Current issues: deforestation attributable to slash-and-burn agriculture and the use of wood for fuel; recent droughts affecting agriculture

Air pollutants

Sex ratio

Mothers mean age at first birth

Maternal mortality ratio

Infant mortality rate: 88.9 deaths/1000 live births (1994 est.)

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 56.93 years
Male: 54.87 years
Female: 59.06 years (1994 est.)

Total fertility rate: 6.9 children born/woman (1994 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

Drinking water source

Current health expenditure

Physicians density

Hospital bed density

Sanitation facility access

Hiv/Aids

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate

Alcohol consumption

Tobacco use

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

Education expenditures

Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)
Total population: 43%
Male: 56%
Female: 31%

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education

Youth unemployment


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Country name
Conventional long form: Republic of Togo
Conventional short form:
Former: French Togo

Government type: republic under transition to multiparty democratic rule

Capital: Lome

Administrative divisions: 23 circumscriptions (circonscriptions, singular - circonscription); Amlame (Amou), Aneho (Lacs), Atakpame (Ogou), Badou (Wawa), Bafilo (Assoli), Bassar (Bassari), Dapango (Tone), Kande (Keran), Klouto (Kloto), Pagouda (Binah), Lama-Kara (Kozah), Lome (Golfe), Mango (Oti), Niamtougou (Doufelgou), Notse (Haho), Pagouda, Sotouboua, Tabligbo (Yoto), Tchamba, Nyala, Tchaoudjo, Tsevie (Zio), Vogan (Vo)
Note: the 23 units may now be called prefectures (prefectures, singular - prefecture) and reported name changes for individual units are included in parentheses

Dependent areas

Independence: 27 April 1960 (from UN trusteeship under French administration)

National holiday: Independence Day, 27 April (1960)

Constitution: multiparty draft constitution approved by High Council of the Republic 1 July 1992; adopted by public referendum 27 September 1992

Legal system: French-based court system

International law organization participation

Citizenship

Suffrage: universal adult at age NA

Executive branch
Chief of state: President Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA (since 14 April 1967); election last held 25 August 1993 (next election to be held NA 1998); all major opposition parties boycotted the election; Gen. EYADEMA won 96.5% of the vote
Head of government: Prime Minister Edem KODJO (since April 1994)

Legislative branch: Army, Navy, Air Force, Gendarmerie
National Assembly: elections last held on 6 and 20 February 1994 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by party NA; SEATS - (81 total) RPT and allies (pro government) 38, CAR, UTD (the opposition) 40, still contested as of 3 May 1994

Judicial branch: Court of Appeal (Cour d'Appel), Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)

Political parties and leaders

International organization participation: ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEAO (observer), ECA, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, LORCS, NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WADB, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Diplomatic representation
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador Harmon E. KIRBY (Ambassador Johnny YOUNG to replace Ambassador KIRBY during the summer of 1994)
From the us chancery: 2,208 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20,008
From the us telephone: [228] 21-29-91
From the us embassy: Rue Pelletier Caventou and Rue Vauban, Lome
From the us mailing address: B. P. 852, Lome
From the us FAX: [228] 21-79-52

Flag description: five equal horizontal bands of green (top and bottom) alternating with yellow; there is a white five-pointed star on a red square in the upper hoist-side corner; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia

National symbols

National anthem

National heritage


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Economy overview: The economy is heavily dependent on subsistence agriculture, which accounts for about 33% of GDP and provides employment for 78% of the labor force. Primary agricultural exports are cocoa, coffee, and cotton, which together generate about 30% of total export earnings. Togo is self-sufficient in basic foodstuffs when harvests are normal. In the industrial sector phosphate mining is by far the most important activity, although it has suffered from the collapse of World phosphate prices and increased foreign competition. Togo serves as a regional commercial and trade center. The government's decade-long IMF and World Bank supported effort to implement economic reform measures to encourage foreign investment and bring revenues in line with expenditures has stalled. Political unrest, including private and public sector strikes throughout 1992 and 1993, has jeopardized the reform program and has disrupted vital economic activity.

Real gdp purchasing power parity

Real gdp growth rate: NA

Real gdp per capita: $800 (1993 est.)

Gross national saving

Gdp composition by end use

Gdp composition by sector of origin

Agriculture products: accounts for 33% of GDP; cash crops - coffee, cocoa, cotton; food crops - yams, cassava, corn, beans, rice, millet, sorghum; livestock production not significant; annual fish catch of 10,000-14,000 tons

Industries: phosphate mining, agricultural processing, cement, handicrafts, textiles, beverages

Industrial production growth rate: 9% (1991 est.), accounts for 20% of GDP

Labor force: NA
By occupation agriculture: 78%
By occupation industry: 22%
By occupation note: about 88,600 wage earners, evenly divided between public and private sectors; 50% of population of working age (1985)

Unemployment rate: NA%

Youth unemployment

Population below poverty line

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget: revenues:$284 million

Taxes and other revenues

Public debt

Revenue

Fiscal year: calendar year

Inflation rate consumer prices

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares

Current account balance

Exports: $558 million (f.o.b., 1991)
Commodities: phosphates, cotton, cocoa, coffee
Partners: EC 40%, Africa 16%, US 1% (1990)

Imports: $636 million (f.o.b., 1991)
Commodities: machinery and equipment, consumer goods, food, chemical products
Partners: EC 57%, Africa 17%, US 5%, Japan 4% (1990)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

Debt external: $1.3 billion (1991)

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates: Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 592.05 (January 1994), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990), 319.01 (1989)
Note: the official rate is pegged to the French franc, and beginning 12 January 1994, the CFA franc was devalued to CFAF 100 per French franc from CFAF 50 at which it had been fixed since 1948


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Electricity
Capacity: 179,000 kW
Production: 209 million kWh
Consumption per capita: 60 kWh (1990)

Coal

Petroleum

Crude oil

Refined petroleum

Natural gas

Carbon dioxide emissions

Energy consumption per capita


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Telephones

Telephone system

Broadcast media

Internet

Broadband fixed subscriptions


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Military expenditures
Dollar figure: exchange rate conversion - $43 million, about 3% of GDP (1989)

Military and security forces

Military service age and obligation

Space program

Terrorist groups


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National air transport system

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

Airports: 9
Usable: 9
With permanentsurface runways: 2
With runways over 3659 m: 0
With runways 2440-3659 m: 2
With runways 1220-2439 m: 0

Heliports

Pipelines

Railways

Roadways

Waterways: 50 km Mono River

Merchant marine: 2 roll-on/roll-off cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 11,118 GRT/20,529 DWT

Ports and terminals


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Disputes international: none

Refugees and internally displaced persons

Illicit drugs: increasingly used as transit hub by heroin traffickers