Statistical information Macedonia 1995Macedonia

Map of Macedonia | Geography | People | Government | Economy | Energy | Communication
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Macedonia in the World
Macedonia in the World

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Macedonia - Introduction 1995
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Background: International recognition of The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia's (FYROM) independence from Yugoslavia in 1991 was delayed by Greece's objection to the new state's use of what it considered a Hellenic name and symbols. Greece finally lifted its trade blockade in 1995 and the two countries agreed to normalize relations. FYROM's large Albanian minority and the de facto independence of neighboring Kosovo continue to be sources of ethnic tension.


Macedonia - Geography 1995
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Location: Southeastern Europe, north of Greece

Geographic coordinates

Map referenceEthnic Groups in Eastern Europe, Europe

Area
Total: total area: 25,333 km²; land area: 24,856 km²; comparative area: slightly larger than Vermont

Land boundaries: total 748 km, Albania 151 km, Bulgaria 148 km, Greece 228 km, Serbia and Montenegro 221 km (all with Serbia)

Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)

Maritime claims: none; landlocked

Climate: hot, dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall

Terrain: mountainous territory covered with deep basins and valleys; there are three large lakes, each divided by a frontier line; country bisected by the Vardar River

Elevation

Natural resources: chromium, lead, zinc, manganese, tungsten, nickel, low-grade iron ore, asbestos, sulphur, timber
Land use

Land use: arable land:5%; permanent crops:5%; meadows and pastures:20%; forest and woodland:30%; other:40%

Irrigated land: NA km²

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal

Total renewable water resources

Natural hazards

Geography
Note: landlocked; major transportation corridor from Western and Central Europe to Aegean Sea and Southern Europe to Western Europe


Macedonia - People 1995
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Population: 2,159,503 (July 1995 est.); note:the Macedonian government census of July 1994 put the population at 1.94 million, but ethnic allocations were likely undercounted
Growth rate: 0.9% (1995 est.)

Nationality: noun:Macedonian(s); adjective:Macedonian

Ethnic groups: Macedonian 65%, Albanian 22%, Turkish 4%, Serb 2%, Gypsies 3%, other 4%

Languages: Macedonian 70%, Albanian 21%, Turkish 3%, Serbo-Croatian 3%, other 3%

Religions: Eastern Orthodox 67%, Muslim 30%, other 3%

Demographic profile
Age structure

Age structure: 0-14 years:25% (female 257,876; male 277,314); 15-64 years:67% (female 711,810; male 733,903); 65 years and over:8% (female 97,475; male 81,125) (July 1995 est.)

Dependency ratios

Median age

Population growth rate: 0.9% (1995 est.)

Birth rate: 15.82 births/1000 population (1995 est.)

Death rate: 6.7 deaths/1000 population (1995 est.)

Net migration rate: -0.14 migrant(s)/1000 population (1995 est.)

Population distribution

Urbanization

Major urban areas

Environment
Current issues: air pollution from metallurgical plants; natural hazards:high seismic risks; international agreements:party to - Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection

Air pollutants

Sex ratio

Mothers mean age at first birth

Maternal mortality ratio

Infant mortality rate: 24.2 deaths/1000 live births (1995 est.)

Life expectancy at birth: total population:74 years; male:71.87 years; female:76.3 years (1995 est.)

Total fertility rate: 2.02 children born/woman (1995 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

Drinking water source

Current health expenditure

Physicians density

Hospital bed density

Sanitation facility access

Hiv/Aids

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate

Alcohol consumption

Tobacco use

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

Education expenditures

Literacy: NA%

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education

Youth unemployment


Macedonia - Government 1995
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Country name: conventional long form: The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia; conventional short form: none; local long form: Republika Makedonija; local short form: Makedonija

Government type: emerging democracy

Capital: Skopje

Administrative divisions: 34 counties (opstinas, singular - opstina) Berovo, Bitola, Brod, Debar, Delcevo, Gevgelija, Gostivar, Kavadarci, Kicevo, Kocani, Kratovo, Kriva Palanka, Krusevo, Kumanovo, Murgasevo, Negotino, Ohrid, Prilep, Probistip, Radovis, Resen, Skopje-Centar, Skopje-Cair, Skopje-Karpos, Skopje-Kisela Voda, Skopje-Gazi Baba, Stip, Struga, Strumica, Sveti Nikole, Tetovo, Titov Veles, Valandovo, Vinica

Dependent areas

Independence: 17 September 1991 (from Yugoslavia)

National holiday: 8 September

Constitution: adopted 17 November 1991, effective 20 November 1991

Legal system: based on civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts

International law organization participation

Citizenship

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Executive branch: chief of state:President Kiro GLIGOROV (since 27 January 1991); election last held 16 October 1994 (next to be held NA 1997); results - Kiro GLIGOROV was elected by the Assembly in 1991; reelected by popular vote in 1994; head of government:Prime Minister Branko CRVENKOVSKI (since 4 September 1992); cabinet:Council of Ministers; elected by the majority vote of all the deputies in the Sobranje

Legislative branch: unicameral; Assembly (Sobranje):elections last held 16 and 30 October 1994 (next to be held November 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (120 total) seats by party NA

Judicial branch: Constitutional Court, Judicial Court of the Republic

Political parties and leaders

International organization participation: CCC, CE (guest), CEI, EBRD, ECE, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, OSCE (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO

Diplomatic representation
In the us: the US recognized The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia on 8 February 1994
From the us: chief of mission:Victor D. COMRAS; liaison office:ul. 27 Mart No. 5, 9,100 Skopje; mailing address:USLO Skopje, Department of State, Washington, DC 20,521-7,120 (pouch); telephone:[389] (91) 116-180; FAX:[389] (91) 117-103

Flag description: 16-point gold sun (Vergina, Sun) centered on a red field

National symbols

National anthem

National heritage


Macedonia - Economy 1995
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Economy overview: The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, although the poorest republic in the former Yugoslav federation, can meet basic food and energy needs through its own agricultural and coal resources. Its economic decline will continue unless ties are reforged or enlarged with its neighbors Serbia and Montenegro, Albania, Greece, and Bulgaria. The economy depends on outside sources for all of its oil and gas and most of its modern machinery and parts. An important supplement of GDP is the remittances from thousands of Macedonians working in Germany and other West European nations. Continued political turmoil, both internally and in the region as a whole, prevents any swift readjustments of trade patterns and economic programs. The country's industrial output and GDP are expected to decline further in 1995. The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia's geographical isolation, technological backwardness, and potential political instability place it far down the list of countries of interest to Western investors. Resolution of the dispute with Greece and an internal commitment to economic reform would encourage foreign investment over the long run. In the immediate future, the worst scenario for the economy would be the spread of fighting across its borders.

Real gdp purchasing power parity

Real gdp growth rate: -15% (1994 est.)

Real gdp per capita: $900 (1994 est.)

Gross national saving
Gdp composition by sector of origin

Gdp composition by end use

Gdp composition by sector of origin

Agriculture products: meets the basic needs for food; principal crops are rice, tobacco, wheat, corn, and millet; also grown are cotton, sesame, mulberry leaves, citrus fruit, and vegetables; agricultural production is highly labor intensive

Industries: low levels of technology predominate, such as, oil refining by distillation only; produces basic liquid fuels, coal, metallic chromium, lead, zinc, and ferronickel; light industry produces basic textiles, wood products, and tobacco

Industrial production growth rate: -14% (1993)

Labor force: 591,773 (June 1994); by occupation:manufacturing and mining 40% (1992)
Labor force

Unemployment rate: 30% (1993 est.)

Youth unemployment

Population below poverty line

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget: revenues:$N/A; expenditures:$N/A, including capital expenditures of $N/A

Taxes and other revenues

Public debt

Revenue

Fiscal year: calendar year

Inflation rate consumer prices

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares

Current account balance

Exports: $1.06 billion (1993)
Commodoties: manufactured goods 40%, machinery and transport equipment 14%, miscellaneous manufactured articles 23%, raw materials 7.6%, food (rice) and live animals 5.7%, beverages and tobacco 4.5%, chemicals 4.7% (1990)
Partners: principally Serbia and Montenegro and the other former Yugoslav republics, Germany, Greece, Albania

Imports: $1.2 billion (1993)
Commodoties: fuels and lubricants 19%, manufactured goods 18%, machinery and transport equipment 15%, food and live animals 14%, chemicals 11.4%, raw materials 10%, miscellaneous manufactured articles 8.0%, beverages and tobacco 3.5% (1990)
Partners: other former Yugoslav republics, Greece, Albania, Germany, Bulgaria

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

Debt external: $840 million (1992)

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates: denar per US$1 - 39 (November 1994), 865 (October 1992)


Macedonia - Energy 1995
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Electricity
Capacity: 1,600,000 kW
Production: NA kWh; consumption per capita:NA kWh (1993)

Coal

Petroleum

Crude oil

Refined petroleum

Natural gas

Carbon dioxide emissions

Energy consumption per capita


Macedonia - Communication 1995
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Telephones

Telephone system: 125,000 telephones; local:NA; intercity:NA; international:no satellite links

Broadcast media

Internet

Broadband fixed subscriptions


Macedonia - Military 1995
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Military expenditures: 7 billion denars, NA% of GNP (1993 est.); note - conversion of the military budget into US dollars using the prevailing exchange rate could produce misleading results

Military and security forces

Military service age and obligation

Space program

Terrorist groups


Macedonia - Transportation 1995
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National air transport system

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

Airports: total:16; with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m:2; with paved runways under 914 m:11; with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m:1; with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m:2

Heliports

Pipelines: none

Railways

Roadways

Waterways: none, lake transport only

Merchant marine

Ports and terminals


Macedonia - Transnational issues 1995
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Disputes international: dispute with Greece over name, symbols, and certain constitutional provisions

Refugees and internally displaced persons

Illicit drugs: limited illicit opium cultivation; transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin


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