Statistical information Ethiopia 1996

Ethiopia in the World
top of pageBackground: on 28 May 1991 the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) toppled the authoritarian government of MENGISTU Haile-Mariam and took control in Addis Ababa; a new constitution was promulgated in December 1994 and national and regional popular elections were held in May and June 1995
top of pageLocation: Eastern Africa, west of Somalia
Geographic coordinatesMap referenceAreaTotal: 1,127,127 km²
Land: 1,119,683 km²
Comparative: slightly less than twice the size of Texas
Land boundaries: Total 5,311 km, Djibouti 337 km, Eritrea 912 km, Kenya 830 km, Somalia 1,626 km, Sudan 1,606 km
Coastline: None_landlocked
Maritime claims: None; landlocked
Climate: Tropical monsoon with wide topographic-induced variation
Terrain: High plateau with central mountain range divided by Great Rift Valley
ElevationExtremes lowest point: Denakil -125 m
Extremes highest point: Ras Dashen Terara 4,620 m
Natural resources:
Small reserves of gold
Platinum
Copper
Potash
Land useArable land: 12%
Permanent crops: 1%
Permanent pastures: 41%
Forests and woodland: 24%
Other: 22%
Irrigated land: 1,620 km² (1989 est.)
Major riversMajor watersheds area km²Total water withdrawalTotal renewable water resourcesNatural hazardsGeographytop of pagePopulation:
57,171,662 (July 1996 est.)
55,979,018 (July 1995 est.)
Growth rate:2.72% (1996 est.)
3.09% (1995 est.)
NationalityNoun: Ethiopian(s)
Adjective: Ethiopian
Ethnic groups:
Oromo 40%
Amhara and Tigrean 32%
Sidamo 9%
Shankella 6%
Somali 6%
Afar 4%
Gurage 2%
Other 1%
Languages: Amharic (official), Tigrinya, Orominga, Guaraginga, Somali, Arabic, English (major foreign language taught in schools)
Religions:
Muslim 45%-50%
Ethiopian Orthodox 35%-40%
Animist 12%
Other 5%
Demographic profileAge structure0-14 years:46% (male 13,116,158; female 13,080,276) (July 1996 est.)
46% (male 12,802,187; female 12,782,345) (July 1995 est.)
15-64 years:51% (male 14,782,995; female 14,624,779) (July 1996 est.)
52% (male 14,511,342; female 14,352,059) (July 1995 est.)
65 years and over:3% (male 728,808; female 838,646) (July 1996 est.)
2% (male 715,111; female 815,974) (July 1995 est.)
Dependency ratiosMedian agePopulation growth rate:
2.72% (1996 est.)
3.09% (1995 est.)
Birth rate:
46.05 births/1000 population (1996 est.)
46.68 births/1000 population (1995 est.)
Death rate:
17.53 deaths/1000 population (1996 est.)
15.77 deaths/1000 population (1995 est.)
Net migration rate: -1.36 migrant(s)/1000 population (1996 est.)
Note: Repatriation of Ethiopians who fled to Sudan, Kenya and Somalia for refuge from war and famine in earlier years, is expected to continue in 1996; entry into Ethiopia of Sudanese and Somalis fleeing the fighting in their own countries is also continuing in 1996
Population distributionUrbanizationMajor urban areasEnvironmentCurrent issues: deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; famine
Current issues Natural hazards: geologically active Great Rift Valley susceptible to earthquakes, volcanic eruptions; frequent droughts
International agreements: party to_Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified_Desertification, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban
International agreements note: Landlocked_entire coastline along the Red Sea was lost with the de jure independence of Eritrea on 27 April 1993
Air pollutantsSex ratioAt birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
Under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.87 male(s)/female
All ages:1 male(s)/female (1996 est.) Infant Mortality Rate:122.8 deaths/1000 live births (1996 est.)
120.6 deaths/1000 live births (1995 est.)
Mothers mean age at first birthMaternal mortality ratioInfant mortality rateLife expectancy at birthTotal population: 46.85 years (1996 est.), 50 years (1995 est.)
Male: 45.71 years (1996 est.), 48.28 years (1995 est.)
Female: 48.02 years (1996 est.), 51.78 years (1995 est.)
Total fertility rate:
7 children born/woman (1996 est.)
7.07 children born/woman (1995 est.)
Contraceptive prevalence rateDrinking water sourceCurrent health expenditurePhysicians densityHospital bed densitySanitation facility accessHiv/AidsMajor infectious diseasesObesity adult prevalence rateAlcohol consumptionTobacco useChildren under the age of 5 years underweightEducation expendituresLiteracyDefinition: age 10 and over that can read and write (1995 est.)
Total population: 35.5%
Male: 45.5%
Female: 25.3%
School life expectancy primary to tertiary educationYouth unemploymenttop of pageCountry nameConventional long form: none
Conventional short form: Ethiopia
Local long form: none
Local short form: Ityop'iya
Government type: Transitional government
Note: On 28 May 1991 the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) toppled the authoritarian government of MENGISTU Haile-Mariam and took control in Addis Ababa; a new constitution was promulgated in December 1994 and national and regional popular elections were held in May and June 1995
Capital: Addis Ababa
Administrative divisions: 9 ethnically-based administrative regions (astedader akababiwach, singular_astedader akababi) and 1 federal capital*:Addis Ababa*; Afar; Amhara; Benshangul/Gumaz; Gambela; Harar; Oromia; Somali; Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples; Tigray
Dependent areasIndependence: Oldest independent country in Africa and one of the oldest in the world_at least 2,000 years
National holiday: National Day, 28 May (1991) (defeat of Mengistu regime)
Constitution: New constitution promulgated in December 1994
Legal system: NA
International law organization participationCitizenshipSuffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branchChief of state: President NEGASSO Gidada (since NA August 1995) elected by the Council of People's Representatives following the elections of legislators in May and June 1995 1 june 1991_august 1995:President MELES Zenawi
Head of government: Prime Minister MELES Zenawi (since NA August 1995) designated by the party in power, EPRDF, following the elections of legislators in May and June 1995
Cabinet: Council of Ministers as provided in the December 1994 constitution; ministers are selected by the prime minister and approved by the Council of People's Representatives
Legislative branch: Federal Council:Upper chamber, having NA members, represents the ethnic interests of the regional governments and is elected by the regional assemblies Council of People's Representatives:Lower chamber, having 550 members, elected by popular vote
Note: both bodies have five-year terms of office; regional and national popular elections were held in May and June 1995; results - EPRDF swept nearly all seats
Judicial branch: Supreme Court, judges are elected by the national legislature
Political parties and leadersInternational organization participation: ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGADD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNU, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer)
Diplomatic representationFlag description
:
The flag of Ethiopia has three equal horizontal bands of green (top), yellow, and red with a yellow pentagram and single yellow rays emanating from the angles between the points on a light blue disk centered on the three bands.
Ethiopia is the oldest independent country in Africa, and the colors of her flag were so often adopted by other African countries upon independence that they became known as the pan-African colors
National symbolsNational anthemNational heritagetop of pageEconomy overview: Ethiopia continues to face difficult economic problems as one of the poorest and least developed countries in Africa. Its economy is based on agriculture, which accounts for about half of GDP, 90% of exports, and 80% of total employment; coffee generates 60% of export earnings. The agricultural sector suffers from frequent periods of drought, poor cultivation practices, and deterioration of internal security conditions. The manufacturing sector is heavily dependent on inputs from the agricultural sector. Over 90% of large-scale industry, but less than 10% of agriculture, is state-run. The government is considering selling off a portion of state-owned plants and is implementing reform measures that are gradually liberalizing the economy. A major medium-term problem is the improvement of roads, water supply, and other parts of an infrastructure badly neglected during years of civil strife.
Real gdp purchasing power parityReal gdp growth rate:
2.7% (1995 est.)
3% (1994 est.)
Real gdp per capita:
purchasing power parity_ $400 (1995 est.)
$380 (1993 est.)
Gross national savingGdp composition by sector of origin
Gdp composition by end useGdp composition by sector of originAgriculture products: Accounts for 45% of GDP; export crops of coffee and oilseeds are grown partly on state farms; estimated 50% of agricultural production is at subsistence level; principal crops and livestock_cereals, pulses, coffee, oilseeds, sugarcane, potatoes and other vegetables, hides and skins, cattle, sheep, goats
Industries:
Food processing
Beverages
Textiles
Chemicals
Metals processing
Cement
Industrial production growth rate: Growth rate -3.3% (FY91/92; accounts for 12% of GDP
Labor force: 18 million
By occupation Agriculture and animal husbandry: 80%
By occupation Government and services: 12%
By occupation Industry and construction: 8% (1985)
Unemployment rate: NA
Youth unemploymentPopulation below poverty lineGini indexHousehold income or consumption by percentage shareDistribution of family income gini indexBudgetRevenues: $1.2 billion
Expenditures: $1.7 billion, including capital expenditures of $707 million (FY93/94)
Taxes and other revenuesPublic debtRevenueFiscal year: 8 July_7 July
Inflation rate consumer pricesCentral bank discount rateCommercial bank prime lending rateStock of narrow moneyStock of broad moneyStock of domestic creditMarket value of publicly traded sharesCurrent account balanceExports:
total value. $296 million (f.o.b., 1994 est.)
$219.8 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.)
Commodities:Coffee
Leather products
Gold
Partners:Germany
Japan
Saudi Arabia
France
Italy
ImportsTotal value:$972 million (c.i.f., 1994 est.)
$1.04 billion (c.i.f., 1993 est.)
Commodities:Capital goods
Consumer goods
Fuel
Partners:U.S.
Germany
Italy
Saudi Arabia
Japan
Reserves of foreign exchange and goldDebt external: $3.7 billion (1993 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment at homeStock of direct foreign investment abroadExchange rates: Birr (Br) per US$1_6.3200 (December 1995), 6.3200 (1995), 5.9500 (1994), 5.0000 (fixed rate 1992-93; fixed at 2.070 before 1992; note_official rate pegged to the US$
top of pageElectricityCapacity: 460,000 kW
Production: 1.3 billion kWh
Consumption per capita: 23 kWh (1993)
CoalPetroleumCrude oilRefined petroleumNatural gasCarbon dioxide emissionsEnergy consumption per capitatop of pageTelephonesTelephone system: 100.000 telephones (1983 est.); open-wire and radio relay system adequate for government use
Local: NA
Intercity: open wire and microwave radio relay links
International: open-wire to Sudan and Djibouti; microwave radio relay to Kenya and Djibouti; 3 INTELSAT (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Pacific Ocean) earth stations
Broadcast mediaInternetBroadband fixed subscriptionstop of pageMilitary expendituresDollar figure: $140 million, 4.1% of GDP (FY93/94)
Military and security forcesMilitary service age and obligationSpace programTerrorist groupstop of pageNational air transport systemCivil aircraft registration country code prefixAirports: 58
With paved runways over 3047 m: 2
With paved runways 2438 to 3047 m: 3
With paved runways 15-24 to 2437 m: 1
With paved runways 914 to 1523 m: 1
With paved runways under 914 m: 6
With paved runways With unpaved runways over 3047 m: 2
With unpaved runways 2438 to 3047 m: 5
With unpaved runways 15-24 to 2437 m: 9
With unpaved runways 914 to 1523 m: 29 (1995 est.)
HeliportsPipelinesRailwaysRoadwaysWaterwaysMerchant marineTotal: 12 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 62,627 GRT/88,908 DWT
Ships by type: cargo 8, oil tanker 2, roll-on/roll-off cargo 2 (1995 est.)
Ports and terminalstop of pageDisputes internationalRefugees and internally displaced personsIllicit drugs: Transit hub for heroin originating in Southwest and Southeast Asia and destined for Europe and North America as well as cocaine destined for southern African markets; cultivates qat (chat) for local use and regional export