Statistical information Kyrgyzstan 1997Kyrgyzstan

Map of Kyrgyzstan | Geography | People | Government | Economy | Energy | Communication
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Kyrgyzstan in the World
Kyrgyzstan in the World

Jayride


Kyrgyzstan - Introduction 1997
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Background: A country of incredible natural beauty and proud nomadic traditions, Kyrgyzstan became part of the Russian empire in 1864. In the Czarist and Soviet periods, Russian managers and technicians were sent to Kyrgyzstan and have recently made up more than one-fifth of the population. Many Russians have been returning home since Kyrgyzstan gained its independence in 1991 when the USSR collapsed. Privatization of state-owned enterprises, expansion of democracy and political freedoms, and inter-ethnic relations are current issues.


Kyrgyzstan - Geography 1997
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Location: Central Asia, west of China

Geographic coordinates: 41 00 N, 75 00 E

Map referenceCommonwealth of Independent States

Area
Total: 198,500 km²
Land: 191,300 km²
Water: 7,200 km²
Comparative: slightly smaller than South Dakota

Land boundaries
Total: 3,878 km
Border countries: (4) China 858 km; , Kazakstan 1,051 km; , Tajikistan 870 km; , Uzbekistan 1,099 km

Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)

Maritime claims: none (landlocked)

Climate: dry continental to polar in high Tien Shan; subtropical in southwest (Fergana Valley; temperate in northern foothill zone

Terrain: peaks of Tien Shan and associated valleys and basins encompass entire nation

Elevation
Extremes lowest point: Kara-Daryya 132 m
Extremes highest point: Jengish Chokusu 7,439 m

Natural resources: abundant hydroelectric potential; significant deposits of gold and rare earth metals; locally exploitable coal, oil, and natural gas; other deposits of nepheline, mercury, bismuth, lead, and zinc
Land use

Land use
Arable land: 7%
Permanent crops: 0%
Permanent pastures: 44%
Forests and woodland: 4%
Other: 45% (1993 est.)
Note: Kyrgyzstan has the world's largest natural growth walnut forest

Irrigated land: 9,000 km² (1993 est.)

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal

Total renewable water resources

Natural hazards: NA

Geography
Note: landlocked


Kyrgyzstan - People 1997
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Population: 4,512,809 (July 1997 est.)
Growth rate: 0.05% (1997 est.)

Nationality
Noun: Kyrgyzstani(s)
Adjective: Kyrgyzstani

Ethnic groups: Kirghiz 52.4%, Russian 18%, Uzbek 12.9%, Ukrainian 2.5%, German 2.4%, other 11.8%

Languages: Kirghiz (Kyrgyz) - official language, Russian - official language
Note: in March 1996, the Kyrgyzstani legislature amended the constitution to make Russian an official language, along with Kirghiz, in territories and work places where Russian-speaking citizens predominate

Religions: Muslim 75%, Russian Orthodox 20%, other 5%

Demographic profile
Age structure

Age structure
0-14 years: 36% (male 829,888; female 812,056)
15-64 years: 58% (male 1,271,390; female 1,321,774)
65 years and over: 6% (male 101,616; female 176,085) (July 1997 est.)

Dependency ratios

Median age

Population growth rate: 0.05% (1997 est.)

Birth rate: 22.27 births/1000 population (1997 est.)

Death rate: 8.59 deaths/1000 population (1997 est.)

Net migration rate: -13.15 migrant(s)/1000 population (1997 est.)

Population distribution

Urbanization

Major urban areas

Environment
Current issues: water pollution; many people get their water directly from contaminated streams and wells; as a result, water-borne diseases are prevalent; increasing soil salinity from faulty irrigation practices

Air pollutants

Sex ratio
At birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
Under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.58 male(s)/female
Total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (1997 est.)

Mothers mean age at first birth

Maternal mortality ratio

Infant mortality rate: 73.6 deaths/1000 live births (1997 est.)

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 63.97 years
Male: 59.65 years
Female: 68.49 years (1997 est.)

Total fertility rate: 2.73 children born/woman (1997 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

Drinking water source

Current health expenditure

Physicians density

Hospital bed density

Sanitation facility access

Hiv/Aids

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate

Alcohol consumption

Tobacco use

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

Education expenditures

Literacy
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write
Total population: 97%
Male: 99%
Female: 96% (1989 est.)

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education

Youth unemployment


Kyrgyzstan - Government 1997
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Country name
Conventional long form: Kyrgyz Republic
Conventional short form: Kyrgyzstan
Local long form: Kyrgyz Respublikasy
Local short form: none
Former: Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic

Government type: republic

Capital: Bishkek

Administrative divisions: 6 oblasttar (singular - oblast) and 1 city* (singular - shaar); Bishkek Shaary*, Chuy Oblasty (Bishkek), Jalal-Abad Oblasty, Naryn Oblasty, Osh Oblasty, Talas Oblasty, Ysyk-Kol Oblasty (Karakol)
Note: administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses)

Dependent areas

Independence: 31 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)

National holiday: National Day, 2 December; Independence Day, 31 August (1991)

Constitution: adopted 5 May 1993
Note: amendment proposed by President AKAYEV and passed in a national referendum on 10 February 1996 significantly expands the powers of the president at the expense of the legislature

Legal system: based on civil law system

International law organization participation

Citizenship

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Executive branch
Chief of state: President Askar AKAYEV (since 28 October 1990)
Head of government: Prime Minister Apas JUMAGULOV (since NA December 1993)
Cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister
Elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; elections last held 24 December 1995 (next to be held NA 2000); prime minister appointed by the president
Election results: Askar AKAYEV elected president; percent of vote - Askar AKAYEV 75%; note - elections were held early which gave the two opposition candidates little time to campaign; AKAYEV may have orchestrated the "deregistration" of two other candidates, one of whom was a major rival

Legislative branch: bicameral Supreme Council or Zhogorku Kenesh consists of the Assembly of People's Representatives (70 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and the Legislative Assembly (35 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
Elections: Assembly of People's Representatives - last held 5 February 1995 (next to be held NA 2000); Legislative Assembly - last held 5 February 1995 (next to be held NA 2000)
Election results: Assembly of People's Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; note - not all of the 70 seats were filled at the 5 February 1995 elections; as a result, run-off elections were held at later dates; the assembly meets twice yearly; Legislative Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; note - not all of the 35 seats were filled at the 5 February 1995 elections; as a result, run-off elections were held
Note: the legislature became bicameral for the 5 February 1995 elections

Judicial branch: Supreme Court, judges are appointed for a 10-year term by the Zhogorku Kenesh on recommendation of the president; Constitutional Court; Higher Court of Arbitration

Political parties and leaders

International organization participation: AsDB, CIS, EBRD, ECE, ECO, ESCAP, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, NACC, OIC, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (applicant)

Diplomatic representation
In the us chief of mission: Ambassador Bakytbek ABDRISAYEV
In the us chancery: 1732 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20,007
In the us telephone: [1] (202) 338-5,141
In the us FAX: [1] (202) 338-5,139
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador Eileen A. MALLOY
From the us embassy: Erkindik Prospekt #66, Bishkek 720,002
From the us mailing address: use embassy street address
From the us telephone: [7] (3,312) 22-26-93, 22-32-89
From the us FAX: [7] (3,312) 22-35-51

Flag descriptionflag of Kyrgyzstan: red field with a yellow sun in the center having 40 rays representing the 40 Kirghiz tribes; on the obverse side the rays run counterclockwise, on the reverse, clockwise; in the center of the sun is a red ring crossed by two sets of three lines, a stylized representation of the roof of the traditional Kirghiz yurt

National symbols

National anthem

National heritage


Kyrgyzstan - Economy 1997
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Economy overview: Kyrgyzstan is a small, poor, mountainous country with a predominantly agricultural economy. Cotton, wool, and meat are the main agricultural products and exports. Industrial exports included gold, mercury, uranium, and hydropower. Kyrgyzstan has been one of the most progressive countries of the former Soviet Union in carrying out market reforms. Following a successful stabilization program, which lowered inflation from 88% in 1994 to 32% for 1996, attention is turning toward stimulating growth. Much of the government's stock in enterprises has been sold. Drops in production have been severe since the break up of the Soviet Union in December 1991, but by mid-1995 production began to recover and exports began to increase. Pensioners, unemployed workers, and government workers with salaries arrears continue to suffer. Foreign assistance plays a substantial role in the country's budget. In 1996 the economy showed strong signs that recovery was underway.

Real gdp purchasing power parity

Real gdp growth rate: 5.6% (1996 est.)

Real gdp per capita: purchasing power parity - $1,290 (1996 est.)

Gross national saving
Gdp composition by sector of origin

Gdp composition by end use

Gdp composition by sector of origin
Agriculture: 35%
Industry: 28%
Services: 37% (1994 est.)

Agriculture products: wool, tobacco, cotton, potatoes, vegetables, grapes, fruits and berries; sheep, goats, cattle

Industries: small machinery, textiles, food processing, cement, shoes, sawn logs, refrigerators, furniture, electric motors, gold, rare earth metals

Industrial production growth rate: 10.8% (1996 est.)

Labor force
Total: 1.7 million
By occupation agriculture and forestry: 40%
By occupation industry and construction: 19%
By occupation other: 41% (1995 est.)
Labor force

Unemployment rate: 4.8% includes officially registered unemployed; 7.8% by ILO methodology (December 1996)

Youth unemployment

Population below poverty line

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget
Revenues: $N/A
Expenditures: $N/A, including capital expenditures of $N/A

Taxes and other revenues

Public debt

Revenue

Fiscal year: calendar year

Inflation rate consumer prices

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares

Current account balance

Exports
Total value: $506 million (1996)
Commodities: cotton, wool, meat, tobacco; gold, mercury, uranium, hydropower; machinery; shoes
Partners: China, UK, FSU

Imports
Total value: $890 million (1996)
Commodities: grain, lumber, industrial products, ferrous metals, fuel, machinery, textiles, footwear
Partners: US, China, FSU

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

Debt external: $584 million (of which $115 million to Russia) (1995 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates: soms (KGS) per US$1 - 14.6 (January 1997), 11.2 (yearend 1995), 10.6 (yearend 1994)


Kyrgyzstan - Energy 1997
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Electricity
Capacity: 3.63 million kW (1994)
Production: 13.7 billion kWh (1996 est.)
Consumption per capita: 1,912 kWh (1995 est.)

Coal

Petroleum

Crude oil

Refined petroleum

Natural gas

Carbon dioxide emissions

Energy consumption per capita


Kyrgyzstan - Communication 1997
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Telephones: 342,000 (1991 est.)

Telephone system: poorly developed; about 100,000 unsatisfied applications for household telephones
Domestic: principally microwave radio relay
International: connections with other CIS countries by landline or microwave radio relay and with other countries by leased connections with Moscow international gateway switch and by satellite; satellite earth stations - 1 Intersputnik and 1 Intelsat

Broadcast media

Internet

Broadband fixed subscriptions


Kyrgyzstan - Military 1997
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Military expenditures
Dollar figure: 151 million soms (1995; note - conversion of defense expenditures into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results
Percent of gdp: NA%

Military and security forces

Military service age and obligation

Space program

Terrorist groups


Kyrgyzstan - Transportation 1997
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National air transport system

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

Airports: 54 (1994 est.)
With paved runways total: 14
With paved runways over 3047 m: 1
With paved runways 2438 to 3047 m: 3
With paved runways 15-24 to 2437 m: 9
With paved runways under 914 m: 1 (1994 est.)
With unpaved runways total: 40
With unpaved runways 15-24 to 2437 m: 4
With unpaved runways 914 to 1523 m: 4
With unpaved runways under 914 m: 32 (1994 est.)

Heliports

Pipelines: natural gas 200 km

Railways
Total: 370 km in common carrier service; does not include industrial lines
Broad gauge: 370 km 1.520-m gauge (1990)

Roadways

Waterways: 600 km (1990)

Merchant marine

Ports and terminals


Kyrgyzstan - Transnational issues 1997
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Disputes international: territorial dispute with Tajikistan on southwestern boundary in Isfara Valley area

Refugees and internally displaced persons

Illicit drugs: limited illicit cultivator of cannabis and opium poppy, mostly for CIS consumption; limited government eradication program; increasingly used as transshipment point for illicit drugs to Russia and Western Europe from Southwest Asia


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