Statistical information Serbia and Montenegro 1997

Serbia and Montenegro in the World
top of pageBackground: Serbia and Montenegro have asserted the formation of a joint independent state, but this entity has not been formally recognized as a state by the US; the US view is that the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) has dissolved and that none of the successor republics represents its continuation.
top of pageLocation: Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Albania and Bosnia and Herzegovina
Geographic coordinates: 44 00 N, 21 00 E
Map reference:
EuropeAreaTotal: 102,350 km² (Serbia 88,412 km²; Montenegro 13,938 km²)
Land: 102,136 km² (Serbia 88,412 km²; Montenegro 13,724 km²)
Water: 214 km² (Serbia 0 km²; Montenegro 214 km²)
Comparative: slightly smaller than Kentucky (Serbia is slightly larger than Maine; Montenegro is slightly smaller than Connecticut)
Land boundariesTotal: 2,246 km
Border countries: (11) Albania 287 km;
(114 km;
with Serbia, 173 km;
with Montenegro), Bosnia and Herzegovina 527 km;
(312 km;
with Serbia, 215 km;
with Montenegro), Bulgaria 318 km;
(with Serbia), Croatia (north) 241 km;
(with Serbia), Croatia (south) 25 km;
(with Montenegro), Hungary 151 km;
(with Serbia), The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 221 km;
(with Serbia), Romania 476 kmNote: the internal boundary between Montenegro and Serbia is 211 km
Coastline: 199 km (Montenegro 199 km, Serbia 0 km)
Maritime claims: NA
Climate: in the north, continental climate (cold winter and hot, humid summers with well distributed rainfall; central portion, continental and Mediterranean climate; to the south, Adriatic climate along the coast, hot, dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall inland
Terrain: extremely varied; to the north, rich fertile plains; to the east, limestone ranges and basins; to the southeast, ancient mountain and hills; to the southwest, extremely high shoreline with no islands off the coast
ElevationExtremes lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m
Extremes highest point: Daravica 2,656 m
Natural resources: oil, gas, coal, antimony, copper, lead, zinc, nickel, gold, pyrite, chrome
Land useArable land: NA%
Permanent crops: NA%
Permanent pastures: NA%
Forests and woodland: NA%
Other: NA%
Irrigated land: NA km²
Major riversMajor watersheds area km²Total water withdrawalTotal renewable water resourcesNatural hazards: destructive earthquakes
GeographyNote: controls one of the major land routes from Western Europe to Turkey and the Near East; strategic location along the Adriatic coast
top of pagePopulation: 11,223,853 (July 1997 est.) (Montenegro - 680,212; Serbia - 10,543,641)
Growth rate: Montenegro - 0.00%; Serbia - -0.13% (1997 est.)
NationalityNoun: Serb(s) and Montenegrin(s)
Adjective: Serbian and Montenegrin
Ethnic groups: Serbs 63%, Albanians 14%, Montenegrins 6%, Hungarians 4%, other 13%
Languages: Serbo-Croatian 95%, Albanian 5%
Religions: Orthodox 65%, Muslim 19%, Roman Catholic 4%, Protestant 1%, other 11%
Demographic profileAge structure0-14 years: Montenegro - 22% (male 78,101; female 73,067); Serbia - 21% (male 1,146,238; female 1,066,842)
15-64 years: Montenegro - 68% (male 231,641; female 227,245); Serbia - 67% (male 3,544,055; female 3,495,673)
65 years and over: Montenegro - 10% (male 28,880; female 41,278); Serbia - 12% (male 555,592; female 735,241) (July 1997 est.)
Dependency ratiosMedian agePopulation growth rate: Montenegro - 0.00%; Serbia - -0.13% (1997 est.)
Birth rate: Montenegro - 13.93 births/1000 population; Serbia - 12.68 births/1000 population (1997 est.)
Death rate: Montenegro - 7.33 deaths/1000 population; Serbia - 9.64 deaths/1000 population (1997 est.)
Net migration rate: Montenegro:-6.61 migrant(s)/1000 population; Serbia:-4.34 migrant(s)/1000 population (1997 est.)
Population distributionUrbanizationMajor urban areasEnvironmentCurrent issues: pollution of coastal waters from sewage outlets, especially in tourist-related areas such as Kotor; air pollution around Belgrade and other industrial cities; water pollution from industrial wastes dumped into the Sava which flows into the Danube
Air pollutantsSex ratioAt birth: Montenegro - 1.09 male(s)/female; Serbia - 1.08 male(s)/female
Under 15 years: Montenegro - 1.07 male(s)/female; Serbia - 1.07 male(s)/female
15-64 years: Montenegro - 1.02 male(s)/female; Serbia - 1.01 male(s)/female
65 years and over: Montenegro - 0.70 male(s)/female; Serbia - 0.76 male(s)/female
All ages: Montenegro - 0.99 male(s)/female Serbia - 0.99 male(s)/female (1997 est.)
Mothers mean age at first birthMaternal mortality ratioInfant mortality rate: Montenegro - 11.50 deaths/1000 live births; Serbia - 17.8 deaths/1000 live births (1997 est.)
Life expectancy at birthTotal population: Montenegro - 75.96 years; Serbia - 72.9 years
Male: Montenegro - 72.48 years; Serbia - 70.51 years
Female: Montenegro - 79.76 Serbia - 75.47 years (1997 est.)
Total fertility rate: Montenegro - 1.80 children born/woman; Serbia - 1.76 children born/woman (1997 est.)
Contraceptive prevalence rateDrinking water sourceCurrent health expenditurePhysicians densityHospital bed densitySanitation facility accessHiv/AidsMajor infectious diseasesObesity adult prevalence rateAlcohol consumptionTobacco useChildren under the age of 5 years underweightEducation expendituresLiteracy: NA
School life expectancy primary to tertiary educationYouth unemploymenttop of pageCountry nameConventional long form: none
Conventional short form: Serbia and Montenegro
Local long form: none
Local short form: Srbija-Crna Gora
Note: Serbia and Montenegro has self-proclaimed itself the "Federal Republic of Yugoslavia," but the US view is that the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) has dissolved and that none of the successor republics represents its continuation
Government type: republic
Capital: Belgrade
Administrative divisions: 2 republics (pokajine, singular - pokajina; and 2 nominally autonomous provinces*; Kosovo*, Montenegro, Serbia, Vojvodina*
Dependent areasIndependence: 11 April 1992 (Federal Republic of Yugoslavia formed as self-proclaimed successor to the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia - SFRY)
National holiday: St. Vitus Day, 28 June
Constitution: 27 April 1992
Legal system: based on civil law system
International law organization participationCitizenshipSuffrage: 16 years of age, if employed; 18 years of age, universal
Executive branchChief of state: President Zoran LILIC (since 25 June 1993); note - Slobodan MILOSEVIC is president of Serbia (since 9 December 1990); Momir BULATOVIC is president of Montenegro (since 23 December 1990)
Head of government: Prime Minister Radoje KONTIC (since 29 December 1992); Deputy Prime Ministers Jovan ZEBIC (since NA March 1993), Uros KLIKOVAC (since 15 September 1994), and Nikola SAINOVIC (since 15 September 1995)
Cabinet: Federal Executive Council
Elections: president elected by the Federal Assembly for a four-year term; election last held 25 June 1993 (next to be held NA 1997); prime minister nominated by the president
Election results: Zoran LILIC elected president; percent of legislative vote - NA
Legislative branch: bicameral Federal Assembly or Savezna Skupstina consists of the Chamber of Republics or Vece Republika (40 seats, 20 Serbian, 20 Montenegrin; members distributed on the basis of party representation in the republican assemblies to serve four-year terms) and the Chamber of Citizens or Vece Gradjana (138 seats, 108 Serbian with half elected by constituency majorities and half by proportional representation, 30 Montenegrin with six elected by constituency and 24 proportionally; members serve four-year terms)
Elections: Chamber of Republics - last held 24 December 1996 (next to be held NA 2000); Chamber of Citizens - last held 3 November 1996 (next to be held NA 2000)
Election results: Chamber of Republics - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; note - seats are filled on a proportional basis to reflect the composition of the legislatures of the republics of Montenegro and Serbia; Chamber of Citizens - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - SPS/JUL/ND 64, Zajedno 22, DPSCG 20, SRS 16, NS 8, SVM 3, other 5; note - Zajedno coalition includes SPO, DS, GSS
Judicial branch: Federal Court or Savezni Sud, judges are elected by the Federal Assembly; Constitutional Court, judges are elected by the Federal Assembly
Political parties and leadersInternational organization participationDiplomatic representationIn the us: the US and Serbia and Montenegro do not maintain full diplomatic relations; the Embassy of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia continues to function in the US
In the us chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Counselor, Charge d'Affaires ad interim Nebojsa VUJOVIC
In the us chancery: 2,410 California St. NW, Washington, DC 20,008
In the us telephone: [1] (202) 462-6,566
From the us: the US and Serbia and Montenegro do not maintain full diplomatic relations
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Chief of Mission Richard M. MILES
From the us embassy: Kneza Milosa 50, 11,000 Belgrade
From the us mailing address: American Embassy, Belgrade, United States Department of State, Washington, DC 20,521-5,070
From the us telephone: [381] (11) 645,655
From the us FAX: [381] (11) 645,332
Flag description
National symbolsNational anthemNational heritagetop of pageEconomy overview: The swift collapse of the Yugoslav federation in 1991 has been followed by highly destructive warfare, the destabilization of republic boundaries, and the breakup of important interrepublic trade flows. Output in Serbia and Montenegro dropped by half in 1992-93. Like the other former Yugoslav republics, it had depended on its sister republics for large amounts of energy and manufactures. Wide differences in climate, mineral resources, and levels of technology among the republics accentuated this interdependence, as did the communist practice of concentrating much industrial output in a small number of giant plants. The breakup of many of the trade links, the sharp drop in output as industrial plants lost suppliers and markets, and the destruction of physical assets in the fighting all have contributed to the economic difficulties of the republics. One singular factor in the economic situation of Serbia and Montenegro is the continuation in office of a communist government that is primarily interested in political and military mastery, not economic reform. Hyperinflation ended with the establishment of a new currency unit in June 1993; prices were relatively stable in 1995. Reliable statistics are hard to come by; the GDP estimate is extremely rough. The economic boom anticipated by the government after the suspension of UN sanctions in December 1995 failed to materialize in 1996 and early 1997, exacerbating the regime's financial problems.
Real gdp purchasing power parityReal gdp growth rate: 6% (1995 est.)
Real gdp per capita: purchasing power parity - $1,900 (1995 est.)
Gross national savingGdp composition by sector of origin
Gdp composition by end useGdp composition by sector of originAgriculture: 25%
Industry: 50%
Services: 25% (1994 est.)
Agriculture products: cereals, fruits, vegetables, tobacco, olives; cattle, sheep, goats
Industries: machine building (aircraft, trucks, and automobiles; tanks and weapons; electrical equipment; agricultural machinery; metallurgy (steel, aluminum, copper, lead, zinc, chromium, antimony, bismuth, cadmium; mining (coal, bauxite, nonferrous ore, iron ore, limestone; consumer goods (textiles, footwear, foodstuffs, appliances; electronics, petroleum products, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals
Industrial production growth rate: NA%
Labor forceTotal: 2.178 million
By occupation industry: 41%
By occupation services: 35%
By occupation tradeandtourism: 12%
By occupation transportationandcommunication: 7%
By occupation agriculture: 5% (1994)
Unemployment rate: more than 35% (1995 est.)
Youth unemploymentPopulation below poverty lineGini indexHousehold income or consumption by percentage shareDistribution of family income gini indexBudgetRevenues: $N/A
Expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA
Taxes and other revenuesPublic debtRevenueFiscal year: calendar year
Inflation rate consumer pricesCentral bank discount rateCommercial bank prime lending rateStock of narrow moneyStock of broad moneyStock of domestic creditMarket value of publicly traded sharesCurrent account balanceExportsTotal value: $1.4 billion (1995 est.)
Commodities: manufactured goods, food and live animals, raw materials
Partners: Russia, Italy, Germany
ImportsTotal value: $2.4 billion (1995 est.)
Commodities: machinery and transport equipment, fuels and lubricants, manufactured goods, chemicals, food and live animals, raw materials
Partners: Germany, Italy, Russia
Reserves of foreign exchange and goldDebt external: $11.2 billion (1995 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment at homeStock of direct foreign investment abroadExchange rates: Yugoslav New Dinars (YD) per US $1 - official rate:4.9 (September 1996) 1.5 (early 1995; black market rate:2 to 3 (early 1995)
top of pageElectricityCapacity: 11.78 million kW (1994)
Production: 33.77 billion kWh (1994)
Consumption per capita: 2,798 kWh (1995 est.)
CoalPetroleumCrude oilRefined petroleumNatural gasCarbon dioxide emissionsEnergy consumption per capitatop of pageTelephones: 700,000
Telephone systemDomestic: NA
International: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Broadcast mediaInternetBroadband fixed subscriptionstop of pageMilitary expendituresDollar figure: 6.5 billion dinars (1995 est.), note - conversion of defense expenditures into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results
Percent of gdp: 24% (1995 est.)
Military and security forcesMilitary service age and obligationSpace programTerrorist groupstop of pageNational air transport systemCivil aircraft registration country code prefixAirports: 44 (Serbia 39, Montenegro 5) (1996 est.)
With paved runways total: 28
With paved runways over 3047 m: 2 (Serbia 2, Montenegro 0)
With paved runways 2438 to 3047 m: 5 (Serbia 3, Montenegro 2)
With paved runways 15-24 to 2437 m: 5 (Serbia 4, Montenegro 1)
With paved runways 914 to 1523 m: 2 (Serbia 2, Montenegro 0)
With paved runways under 914 m: 14 (Serbia 14, Montenegro 0)
With unpaved runways total: 16
With unpaved runways 15-24 to 2437 m: 2 (Serbia 2, Montenegro 0)
With unpaved runways 914 to 1523 m: 14 (Serbia 12, Montenegro 2) (1996 est.)
HeliportsPipelines: crude oil 415 km; petroleum products 130 km; natural gas 2,110 km
RailwaysTotal: 3,960 km
Standard gauge: 3,960 km 1.435-m gauge (1,341 km electrified) (1994)
RoadwaysWaterways: NA km
Merchant marineTotal: 22 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 353,202 GRT/594,745 DWT (Montenegro owns 21 ships totaling 326,133 GRT/544,600 DWT - controlled by Montenegrin beneficial owners; Serbia owns 1 bulk carrier totaling 17,069 GRT/50,145 DWT - controlled by Serbian beneficial owners)
Ships by type: bulk 9, cargo 8, container 3, short-sea passenger ferry 1
Note: Montenegrin ships operate under the flags of Malta, Panama, and Cyprus; the Serbian ship operates under the flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; no ships remain under Yugoslav flag (1996 est.)
Ports and terminalstop of pageDisputes international: disputes with Bosnia and Herzegovina over Serbian populated areas; Albanian majority in Kosovo seeks independence from Serbian republic; Eastern Slavonia, which was held by ethnic Serbs during the ethnic conflict, is currently being overseen by the UN Transitional Administration for Eastern Slavonia; reintegration of Eastern Slavonia into Croatia will occur in 1997; Serbia and Montenegro is disputing Croatia's claim to the Prevlaka Peninsula in southern Croatia because it controls the entrance to Kotor Bay in Montenegro; Prevlaka is currently under observation by the UN military observer mission in Prevlaka (UNMOP)
Refugees and internally displaced personsIllicit drugs: major transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin moving to Western Europe on the Balkan route