Map of Samoa | Geography | People | Government | Economy | Energy | Communication
Military | Transportation | Transnational Issues | Year: Guide19891990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005200620072008200920102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120222023 | More stats

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Background: New Zealand occupied the German protectorate of Western Samoa at the outbreak of World War I in 1914. It continued to administer the islands as a mandate and then as a trust territory until 1962 when the islands became the first Polynesian nation to reestablish independence in the 20th century. The country dropped the 'Western' from its name in 1997.


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Location

Geographic coordinates: 13 35 S, 172 20 W

Map reference: Oceania

Area
Total: 2,860 km²
Land: 2,850 km²
Water: 10 km²
Comparative: slightly smaller than Rhode Island

Land boundaries: 0 km

Coastline: 403 km

Maritime claims
Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Territorial sea: 12 nm

Climate: tropical; rainy season (October to March), dry season (May to October)

Terrain: narrow coastal plain with volcanic, rocky, rugged mountains in interior

Elevation
Extremes lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
Extremes highest point: Mauga Silisili 1,857 m

Natural resources: hardwood forests, fish

Land use
Arable land: 19%
Permanent crops: 24%
Permanent pastures: 0%
Forests and woodland: 47%
Other: 10%

Irrigated land: NA km²

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal

Total renewable water resources

Natural hazards: occasional typhoons; active volcanism

Geography


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Population: 229,979 (July 1999 est.)
Note: other estimates range as low as 162,000
Growth rate: 2.3% (1999 est.)
Below poverty line: NA%

Nationality
Noun: Samoan(s)
Adjective: Samoan

Ethnic groups: Samoan 92.6%, Euronesians 7% (persons of European and Polynesian blood), Europeans 0.4%

Languages: Samoan (Polynesian), English

Religions: Christian 99.7% (about one-half of population associated with the London Missionary Society; includes Congregational, Roman Catholic, Methodist, Latter-Day Saints, Seventh-Day Adventist)

Demographic profile

Age structure
0-14 years: 39% (male 45,647; female 44,141)
15-64 years: 57% (male 68,054; female 62,612)
65 years and over: 4% (male 4,477; female 5,048) (1999 est.)

Dependency ratios

Median age

Population growth rate: 2.3% (1999 est.)

Birth rate: 28.81 births/1000 population (1999 est.)

Death rate: 5.4 deaths/1000 population (1999 est.)

Net migration rate: -0.39 migrant(s)/1000 population (1999 est.)

Population distribution

Urbanization

Major urban areas

Environment
Current issues: soil erosion
International agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection
International agreements signed but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol

Air pollutants

Sex ratio
At birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
Under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.09 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.89 male(s)/female
Total population: 1.06 male(s)/female (1999 est.)

Mothers mean age at first birth

Maternal mortality ratio

Infant mortality rate: 30.5 deaths/1000 live births (1999 est.)

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 69.82 years
Male: 67.43 years
Female: 72.33 years (1999 est.)

Total fertility rate: 3.61 children born/woman (1999 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

Drinking water source

Current health expenditure

Physicians density

Hospital bed density

Sanitation facility access

Hiv/Aids

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate

Alcohol consumption

Tobacco use

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

Education expenditures

Literacy
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write
Total population: 97%
Male: 97%
Female: 97% (1971 est.)

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education

Youth unemployment


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Country name
Conventional long form: Independent State of Samoa
Conventional short form: Samoa
Former: Western Samoa

Government type: constitutional monarchy under native chief

Capital: Apia

Administrative divisions: 11 districts; A'ana, Aiga-i-le-Tai, Atua, Fa'asaleleaga, Gaga'emauga, Gagaifomauga, Palauli, Satupa'itea, Tuamasaga, Va'a-o-Fonoti, Vaisigano

Dependent areas

Independence: 1 January 1962 (from New Zealand-administered UN trusteeship)

National holiday: National Day, 1 June (1962)

Constitution: 1 January 1962

Legal system: based on English common law and local customs; judicial review of legislative acts with respect to fundamental rights of the citizen; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

International law organization participation

Citizenship

Suffrage: 21 years of age; universal

Executive branch
Chief of state: Chief Susuga MALIETOA Tanumafili II (cochief of state from 1 January 1962 until becoming sole chief of state 5 April 1963)
Head of government: Prime Minister TUILA'EPA Sailele Malielegaoi (since 24 November 1998); note_TUILA'EPA served as deputy prime minister since 1992; he assumed the prime ministership in November 1998 when former Prime Minister TOFILAU Eti Alesana resigned in poor health; the post of deputy prime minister is currently vacant
Cabinet: Cabinet consists of 12 members, appointed by the chief of state with the prime minister's advice
Elections: upon the death of Chief Susuga MALIETOA Tanumafili II, a new chief of state will be elected by the Legislative Assembly to serve a five-year term; prime minister appointed by the chief of state with the approval of the Legislative Assembly

Legislative branch: unicameral Legislative Assembly or Fono (49 seats_47 elected by Samoans, 2 elected by non-Samoans; only chiefs (matai) may stand for election to the Fono; members serve five-year terms)
Elections: last held 26 April 1996 (next to be held by NA April 2001)
Election results: percent of vote by party_HRPP 45.17%, SNDP 27.1%, independents 23.7%; seats by party_HRPP 25, SNDP 13, independents 11

Judicial branch: Supreme Court; Court of Appeal

Political parties and leaders

International organization participation: ACP, AsDB, C, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IMF, IMO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), IOC, ITU, OPCW, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO

Diplomatic representation
In the us chief of mission: Ambassador Tuiloma Neroni SLADE
In the us chancery: 820 Second Avenue, Suite 800D, New York, NY 10,017
In the us telephone: [1] (212) 599-6,196, 6,197
In the us FAX: [1] (212) 599-0797
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador Josiah Horton BEEMAN (Ambassador to New Zealand and Samoa, resides in Wellington, New Zealand)
From the us embassy: 5th floor, Beach Road, Apia
From the us mailing address: P.O. Box 3,430, Apia
From the us telephone: [685] 21,631
From the us FAX: [685] 22,030

Flag description: red with a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side quadrant bearing five white five-pointed stars representing the Southern Cross constellation

National symbols

National anthem

National heritage


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Economy overview: The economy of Samoa has traditionally been dependent on development aid, private family remittances from overseas, and agricultural exports. The country is vulnerable to devastating storms. Agriculture employs two-thirds of the labor force, and furnishes 90% of exports, featuring coconut cream, coconut oil, and copra. Outside of a large automotive wire harness factory, the manufacturing sector mainly processes agricultural products. Tourism is an expanding sector; more than 70,0000 tourists visited the islands in 1996. The Samoan Government has called for deregulation of the financial sector, encouragement of investment, and continued fiscal discipline. Observers point to the flexibility of the labor market as a basic strength for future economic advances.

Real gdp purchasing power parity

Real gdp growth rate: 3.4% (1997 est.)

Real gdp per capita ppp

Gross national saving

Gdp composition by end use

Gdp composition by sector of origin
Agriculture: 40%
Industry: 25%
Services: 35% (1996 est.)

Agriculture products: coconuts, bananas, taro, yams

Industries: timber, tourism, food processing, fishing

Industrial production growth rate: 14% (1996 est.)

Labor force: 82,500 (1991 est.)
By occupation agriculture: 65%
By occupation services: 30%
By occupation industry: 5% (1995 est.)

Unemployment rate: NA%

Youth unemployment

Population below poverty line: NA%

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget
Revenues: $52 million
Expenditures: $99 million, including capital expenditures of $37 million (FY96/97 est.)

Public debt

Taxes and other revenues

Revenue

Fiscal year: calendar year

Current account balance

Inflation rate consumer prices

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares

Current account balance

Exports: $14.6 million (f.o.b., 1997)
Commodities: coconut oil and cream, copra, fish, beer
Partners: Australia 82%, New Zealand 6%, Slovakia, Germany, American Samoa (1996)

Imports: $99.7 million (f.o.b., 1997)
Commodities: intermediate goods, food, capital goods
Partners: Australia 33%, New Zealand 25%, Japan 15%, Fiji 8%, US 8% (1996)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

Debt external: $167 million (1996 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates: tala (WS$) per US$1_2.9011 (January 1999), 2.9429 (1998), 2.5562 (1997), 2.4618 (1996), 2.4722 (1995), 2.5349 (1994)


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Electricity access

Electricity production: 65 million kWh (1996)
By source fossil fuel: 61.54%
By source hydro: 38.46%
By source nuclear: 0%
By source other: 0% (1996)

Electricity consumption: 65 million kWh (1996)

Electricity exports: 0 kWh (1996)

Electricity imports: 0 kWh (1996)

Electricity installed generating capacity

Electricity transmission distribution losses

Electricity generation sources

Petroleum

Refined petroleum

Natural gas

Carbon dioxide emissions

Energy consumption per capita


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Telephones fixed lines

Telephones mobile cellular

Telephone system
Domestic: NA
International: satellite earth station_1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)

Broadcast media

Internet country code

Internet users

Broadband fixed subscriptions


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Military expenditures
Dollar figure: $NA
Percent of gdp: NA%

Military and security forces

Military service age and obligation

Space program

Terrorist groups


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National air transport system

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

Airports: 3 (1998 est.)
With paved runways total: 1
With paved runways 2438 to 3047 m: 1 (1998 est.)
With unpaved runways total: 2
With unpaved runways under 914 m: 2 (1998 est.)

Airports with paved runways
Total: 1
2438 to 3047 m: 1 (1998 est.)

Airports with unpaved runways
Total: 2
Under 914 m: 2 (1998 est.)

Heliports

Pipelines

Railways: 0 km

Roadways

Waterways

Merchant marine

Ports and terminals


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Disputes international: none

Refugees and internally displaced persons

Illicit drugs