Statistical information Slovakia 1999Slovakia

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Slovakia - Introduction 1999
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Background: After centuries under foreign rule, mainly by Hungary, the Slovaks joined with their neighbors to form the new nation of Czechoslovakia in 1918. Following the chaos of World War II, Czechoslovakia became a communist nation within Soviet-ruled Eastern Europe. Soviet influence collapsed in 1989, and Czechoslovakia once more was an independent country turning toward the West. The Slovaks and the Czechs agreed to separate peacefully on 1 January 1993. Slovakia has experienced more difficulty than the Czech Republic in developing a modern market economy.


Slovakia - Geography 1999
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Location: Central Europe, south of Poland

Geographic coordinates: 48 40 N, 19 30 E

Map referenceEurope

Area
Total: 48,845 km²
Land: 48,800 km²
Water: 45 km²
Comparative: about twice the size of New Hampshire

Land boundaries
Total: 1,355 km
Border countries: (5) Austria 91 km; , Czech Republic 215 km; , Hungary 515 km; , Poland 444 km; , Ukraine 90 km

Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)

Maritime claims: none (landlocked)

Climate: temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters

Terrain: rugged mountains in the central and northern part and lowlands in the south

Elevation
Extremes lowest point: Bodrok River 94 m
Extremes highest point: Gerlachovka 2,655 m

Natural resources: brown coal and lignite; small amounts of iron ore, copper and manganese ore; salt
Land use

Land use
Arable land: 31%
Permanent crops: 3%
Permanent pastures: 17%
Forests and woodland: 41%
Other: 8% (1993 est.)

Irrigated land: 800 km² (1993 est.)

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal

Total renewable water resources

Natural hazards: NA

Geography
Note: landlocked


Slovakia - People 1999
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Population: 5,396,193 (July 1999 est.)
Growth rate: 0.04% (1999 est.)
Below poverty line: NA%

Nationality
Noun: Slovak(s)
Adjective: Slovak

Ethnic groups: Slovak 85.7%, Hungarian 10.7%, Gypsy 1.5% (the 1992 census figures underreport the Gypsy/Romany community, which is about 500,000), Czech 1%, Ruthenian 0.3%, Ukrainian 0.3%, German 0.1%, Polish 0.1%, other 0.3%

Languages: Slovak (official), Hungarian

Religions: Roman Catholic 60.3%, atheist 9.7%, Protestant 8.4%, Orthodox 4.1%, other 17.5%

Demographic profile
Age structure

Age structure
0-14 years: 20% (male 551,847; female 528,236)
15-64 years: 69% (male 1,837,788; female 1,861,305)
65 years and over: 11% (male 237,710; female 379,307) (1999 est.)

Dependency ratios

Median age

Population growth rate: 0.04% (1999 est.)

Birth rate: 9.52 births/1000 population (1999 est.)

Death rate: 9.43 deaths/1000 population (1999 est.)

Net migration rate: 0.29 migrant(s)/1000 population (1999 est.)

Population distribution

Urbanization

Major urban areas

Environment
Current issues: air pollution from metallurgical plants presents human health risks; acid rain damaging forests
International agreements party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
International agreements signed but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol

Air pollutants

Sex ratio
At birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
Under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.63 male(s)/female
Total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (1999 est.)

Mothers mean age at first birth

Maternal mortality ratio

Infant mortality rate: 9.48 deaths/1000 live births (1999 est.)

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 73.46 years
Male: 69.71 years
Female: 77.4 years (1999 est.)

Total fertility rate: 1.2 children born/woman (1999 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

Drinking water source

Current health expenditure

Physicians density

Hospital bed density

Sanitation facility access

Hiv/Aids

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate

Alcohol consumption

Tobacco use

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

Education expenditures

Literacy: NA

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education

Youth unemployment


Slovakia - Government 1999
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Country name
Conventional long form: Slovak Republic
Conventional short form: Slovakia
Local long form: Slovenska Republika
Local short form: Slovensko

Government type: parliamentary democracy

Capital: Bratislava

Administrative divisions: 8 departments (kraje, singular_kraj; Banskobystricky, Bratislavsky, Kosicky, Nitriansky, Presovsky, Trenciansky, Trnavsky, Zilinsky

Dependent areas

Independence: 1 January 1993 (from Czechoslovakia)

National holiday: Slovak Constitution Day, 1 September (1992; Anniversary of Slovak National Uprising, 29 August (1944)

Constitution: ratified 1 September 1992, fully effective 1 January 1993

Legal system: civil law system based on Austro-Hungarian codes; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; legal code modified to comply with the obligations of Organization on Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) and to expunge Marxist-Leninist legal theory

International law organization participation

Citizenship

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Executive branch
Chief of state: President (vacant); note_President NOVAC retired at the end of his term; the government has announced its intention to hold direct presidential election in early 1999; in the meantime the prime minister takes over the president's duties
Head of government: Prime Minister Mikulas DZURINDA (since 30 October 1998)
Cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister
Elections: president elected by National Council secret ballot that must yield a three-fifths majority for a five-year term; election last held NA March 1998 but no candidate was able to win a three-fifths majority required by law (next to be held NA 1999); following National Council elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the president
Election results: presidency vacant

Legislative branch: unicameral National Council of the Slovak Republic or Narodna Rada Slovensky Repubiky (150 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
Elections: last held 25-26 September 1998 (next to be held NA September 2003)
Election results: percent of vote by party_HZDS 27%, SDK 16.3%, SDL 14.7%, SMK 9.1%, SNS 9.1%, SOP 8%; seats by party_governing coalition 93 (SDK 42, SDL 23, SMK 15, SOP 13), opposition 57 (HZDS 43, SNS 14)

Judicial branch: Supreme Court, judges are elected by the National Council; Constitutional Court

Political parties and leaders

International organization participation: Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CCC, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, EU (applicant), FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MONUA, NSG, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WEU (associate partner), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC

Diplomatic representation
In the us chief of mission: Ambassador-designate Martin BUTORA
In the us chancery: (temporary) Suite 250, 2,201 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20,007
In the us telephone: [1] (202) 965-5,161
In the us FAX: [1] (202) 965-5,166
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador Ralph R. JOHNSON
From the us embassy: Hviezdoslavovo Namestie 4, 81,102 Bratislava
From the us mailing address: use embassy street address
From the us telephone: [42] (7) 5,443-0861, 5,443-3,338
From the us FAX: [42] (7) 5,443-5,439

Flag descriptionflag of Slovakia: three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red superimposed with the Slovak cross in a shield centered on the hoist side; the cross is white centered on a background of red and blue

National symbols

National anthem

National heritage


Slovakia - Economy 1999
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Economy overview: Slovakia, continuing the difficult transition from a centrally controlled economy to a modern market-oriented economy, begins 1999 with clouds on the horizon:GDP growth is slowing sharply; budget and current account deficits are too large; external debt is growing uncomfortably fast; unemployment is high and rising; corrupt insider deals persist; and demand is weakening for Slovakia's key primary goods exports, especially as Russia and Ukraine slump and as EU growth slows. International credit rating agencies have downgraded Slovak debt to below investment grade. The new government intends to address the economy's ills by giving priority to joining the OECD and EU, cutting government wage and infrastructure spending, boosting some taxes and regulated prices, expanding privatization to companies formerly considered strategic, restructuring the financial section, encouraging foreign investment, and reenergizing the social partnership with labor and employers. Government officials believe as long as two years may be needed before its structural reforms improve economic performance. In 1999, the government expects GDP growth to slow from 5% in 1998 to 2%, inflation to rise from 6% to 10%, and unemployment to rise from less than 14% to 15% or 16%, but hopes to bring the budget deficit down to no more than 2% of GDP and the current account deficit down to 5% to 6% of GDP.

Real gdp purchasing power parity

Real gdp growth rate: 5% (1998 est.)

Real gdp per capita: purchasing power parity: $8,300 (1998 est.)

Gross national saving
Gdp composition by sector of origin

Gdp composition by end use

Gdp composition by sector of origin
Agriculture: 4.8%
Industry: 33.4%
Services: 61.8% (1997)

Agriculture products: grains, potatoes, sugar beets, hops, fruit; pigs, cattle, poultry; forest products

Industries: metal and metal products; food and beverages; electricity, gas, coke, oil, and nuclear fuel; chemicals and manmade fibers; machinery; paper and printing; earthenware and ceramics; transport vehicles; textiles; electrical and optical apparatus; rubber products

Industrial production growth rate: 2.7% (1997)

Labor force: 3.32 million (1997)
By occupation industry: 29.3%
By occupation agriculture: 8.9%
By occupation construction: 8%
By occupation transportandcommunication: 8.2%
By occupation services: 45.6% (1994)
Labor force

Unemployment rate: 14% (1998 est.)

Youth unemployment

Population below poverty line: NA%

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget
Revenues: $5.4 billion
Expenditures: $6.5 billion, including capital expenditures of $N/A (1997)

Taxes and other revenues

Public debt

Revenue

Fiscal year: calendar year

Inflation rate consumer prices

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares

Current account balance

Exports: $10.7 billion (f.o.b., 1998)
Commodities: machinery and transport equipment 37%; intermediate manufactured goods 30%, miscellaneous manufactured goods 13%; chemicals 9%; raw materials 4% (1998)
Partners: EU 56% (Germany 29%), Czech Republic 20%, Austria 7%, Poland 7% (1998)

Imports: $12.9 billion (f.o.b., 1998)
Commodities: machinery and transport equipment 40%; intermediate manufactured goods 18%; fuels 11%; chemicals 11%; miscellaneous manufactured goods 10% (1998)
Partners: EU 50% (Germany 26%), Czech Republic 18%, Russia 10%, Italy 6% (1998)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

Debt external: $10.7 billion (1997)

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates: koruny (Sk) per US$1_36.207 (January 1999), 35.233 (1998). 33.616 (1997), 30.654 (1996), 29.713 (1995), 32.045 (1994)


Slovakia - Energy 1999
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Electricity
Production: 25.81 billion kWh (1996)
Production by source fossil fuel: 35.57%
Production by source hydro: 20.81%
Production by source nuclear: 43.62%
Production by source other: 0% (1996)
Consumption: 26.353 billion kWh (1996)
Exports: 2.607 billion kWh (1996)
Imports: 3.15 billion kWh (1996)

Coal

Petroleum

Crude oil

Refined petroleum

Natural gas

Carbon dioxide emissions

Energy consumption per capita


Slovakia - Communication 1999
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Telephones: 1,362,178 (1992 est.)

Telephone system
Domestic: NA
International: NA

Broadcast media

Internet

Broadband fixed subscriptions


Slovakia - Military 1999
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Military expenditures
Dollar figure: $436 million (1998)
Percent of gdp: 2.1% (1998)

Military and security forces

Military service age and obligation

Space program

Terrorist groups


Slovakia - Transportation 1999
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National air transport system

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

Airports: 15 (1998 est.)
With paved runways total: 10
With paved runways over 3047 m: 2
With paved runways 2438 to 3047 m: 2
With paved runways 15-24 to 2437 m: 3
With paved runways 914 to 1523 m: 1
With paved runways under 914 m: 2 (1998 est.)
With unpaved runways total: 5
With unpaved runways 914 to 1523 m: 2
With unpaved runways under 914 m: 3 (1998 est.)

Heliports

Pipelines: petroleum products NA km; natural gas 2,700 km

Railways
Total: 3,660 km
Broad gauge: 102 km 1.520-m gauge
Standard gauge: 3,507 km 1.435-m gauge (1424 km electrified)
Narrow gauge: 51 km (46 km 1,000-m gauge; 5 km 0.750-m gauge) (1996)

Roadways

Waterways: 172 km on the Danube

Merchant marine: total:3 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 15,041 GRT/19,517 DWT (1998 est.)

Ports and terminals


Slovakia - Transnational issues 1999
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Disputes international: ongoing Gabcikovo Dam dispute with Hungary is before the International Court of Justice; unresolved property issues with Czech Republic over redistribution of former Czechoslovak federal property

Refugees and internally displaced persons

Illicit drugs: minor, but increasing, transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and hashish bound for Western Europe


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