Statistical information Zambia 1999Zambia

Map of Zambia | Geography | People | Government | Economy | Energy | Communication
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Zambia - Introduction 1999
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Background: The territory of Northern Rhodesia was administered by the South Africa Company from 1891 until takeover by the UK in 1923. During the 1920s and 1930s advances in mining spurred development and immigration. The name was changed to Zambia upon independence in 1964. In the 1980s and 1990s declining copper prices and a prolonged drought hurt the economy. Elections in 1991 brought an end to one-party rule but the subsequent vote in 1996 saw blatant harassment of opposition parties.


Zambia - Geography 1999
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Location: Southern Africa, east of Angola

Geographic coordinates: 15 00 S, 30 00 E

Map referenceAfrica

Area
Total: 752,610 km²
Land: 740,720 km²
Water: 11,890 km²
Comparative: slightly larger than Texas

Land boundaries
Total: 5,664 km
Border countries: (7) Angola 1,110 km; , Democratic Republic of the Congo 1,930 km; , Malawi 837 km; , Mozambique 419 km; , Namibia 233 km; , Tanzania 338 km; , Zimbabwe 797 km

Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)

Maritime claims: none (landlocked)

Climate: tropical; modified by altitude; rainy season (October to April)

Terrain: mostly high plateau with some hills and mountains

Elevation
Extremes lowest point: Zambezi river 329 m
Extremes highest point: unnamed location in Mafinga Hills 2,301 m

Natural resources: copper, cobalt, zinc, lead, coal, emeralds, gold, silver, uranium, hydropower
Land use

Land use
Arable land: 7%
Permanent crops: 0%
Permanent pastures: 40%
Forests and woodland: 39%
Other: 14% (1993 est.)

Irrigated land: 460 km² (1993 est.)

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal

Total renewable water resources

Natural hazards: tropical storms (November to April)

Geography
Note: landlocked


Zambia - People 1999
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Population: 9,663,535 (July 1999 est.)
Growth rate: 2.12% (1999 est.)
Below poverty line: 86% (1993 est.)

Nationality
Noun: Zambian(s)
Adjective: Zambian

Ethnic groups: African 98.7%, European 1.1%, other 0.2%

Languages: English (official), major vernaculars_Bemba, Kaonda, Lozi, Lunda, Luvale, Nyanja, Tonga, and about 70 other indigenous languages

Religions: Christian 50%-75%, Muslim and Hindu 24%-49%, indigenous beliefs 1%

Demographic profile
Age structure

Age structure
0-14 years: 49% (male 2,381,937; female 2,355,807)
15-64 years: 49% (male 2,308,715; female 2,379,994)
65 years and over: 2% (male 107,427; female 129,655) (1999 est.)

Dependency ratios

Median age

Population growth rate: 2.12% (1999 est.)

Birth rate: 44.51 births/1000 population (1999 est.)

Death rate: 22.56 deaths/1000 population (1999 est.)

Net migration rate: -0.78 migrant(s)/1000 population (1999 est.)

Population distribution

Urbanization

Major urban areas

Environment
Current issues: air pollution and resulting acid rain in the mineral extraction and refining region; poaching seriously threatens rhinoceros and elephant populations; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; lack of adequate water treatment presents human health risks
International agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
International agreements signed but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol

Air pollutants

Sex ratio
At birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
Under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.83 male(s)/female
Total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (1999 est.)

Mothers mean age at first birth

Maternal mortality ratio

Infant mortality rate: 91.85 deaths/1000 live births (1999 est.)

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 36.96 years
Male: 36.72 years
Female: 37.21 years (1999 est.)

Total fertility rate: 6.35 children born/woman (1999 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

Drinking water source

Current health expenditure

Physicians density

Hospital bed density

Sanitation facility access

Hiv/Aids

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate

Alcohol consumption

Tobacco use

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

Education expenditures

Literacy
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write English
Total population: 78.2%
Male: 85.6%
Female: 71.3% (1995 est.)

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education

Youth unemployment


Zambia - Government 1999
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Country name
Conventional long form: Republic of Zambia
Conventional short form: Zambia
Former: Northern Rhodesia

Government type: republic

Capital: Lusaka

Administrative divisions: 9 provinces; Central, Copperbelt, Eastern, Luapula, Lusaka, Northern, North-Western, Southern, Western

Dependent areas

Independence: 24 October 1964 (from UK)

National holiday: Independence Day, 24 October (1964)

Constitution: 2 August 1991

Legal system: based on English common law and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in an ad hoc constitutional council; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

International law organization participation

Citizenship

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Executive branch
Chief of state: President Frederick CHILUBA (since 31 October 1991); Vice President Christon TEMBO (since NA December 1997); note_the president is both the chief of state and head of government
Head of government: President Frederick CHILUBA (since 31 October 1991); Vice President Christon TEMBO (since NA December 1997); note_the president is both the chief of state and head of government
Cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of the National Assembly
Elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 18 November 1996 (next to be held NA October 2001); vice president appointed by the president
Election results: Frederick CHILUBA reelected president; percent of vote_Frederick CHILUBA 70%, Dean MUNGO'MBA 12%, Humphrey MULEMBA 6%, Akashambatwa LEWANIKA 4%, Chama CHAKOMBOKA 3%, others 5%

Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly (150 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
Elections: last held 18 November 1996 (next to be held NA October 2001)
Election results: percent of vote by party_NA; seats by party_MMD 130, NP 5, ZADECO 2, AZ 2, independents 11

Judicial branch: Supreme Court, justices are appointed by the president

Political parties and leaders

International organization participation: ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-19, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, MONUA, NAM, OAU, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOMSIL, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO

Diplomatic representation
In the us chief of mission: Ambassador Dunstan Weston KAMANA
In the us chancery: 2,419 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20,008
In the us telephone: [1] (202) 265-9,717 through 9,719
In the us FAX: [1] (202) 332-0826
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador Arlene RENDER
From the us embassy: corner of Independence and United Nations Avenues
From the us mailing address: P. O. Box 31,617, Lusaka
From the us telephone: [260] (1) 250-955, 252-230
From the us FAX: [260] (1) 252-225

Flag descriptionflag of Zambia: green with a panel of three vertical bands of red (hoist side), black, and orange below a soaring orange eagle, on the outer edge of the flag

National symbols

National anthem

National heritage


Zambia - Economy 1999
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Economy overview: Despite progress in privatization and budgetary reform, Zambia's economy has a long way to go. Inflation, while slowing somewhat, continues to be a major concern to the CHILUBA government. Zambia's copper mining sector, which accounts for over 80% of the nation's foreign currency intake, is struggling. Production rates are down as are world copper prices. Aid cuts by Zambia's donors, arising out of concern for the November 1996 flawed election, also have damaged Zambia's economic prospects. Urged by the World Bank, Zambia has embarked on a privatization program which is to include the all-important copper industry. Until a deal on the copper sector is concluded, perhaps by mid-1999, economic prospects will remain clouded.

Real gdp purchasing power parity

Real gdp growth rate: -2% (1998 est.)

Real gdp per capita: purchasing power parity: $880 (1998 est.)

Gross national saving
Gdp composition by sector of origin

Gdp composition by end use

Gdp composition by sector of origin
Agriculture: 23%
Industry: 40%
Services: 37% (1997 est.)

Agriculture products: corn, sorghum, rice, peanuts, sunflower seed, tobacco, cotton, sugarcane, cassava (tapioca; cattle, goats, pigs, poultry, beef, pork, poultry meat, milk, eggs, hides

Industries: copper mining and processing, construction, foodstuffs, beverages, chemicals, textiles, fertilizer

Industrial production growth rate: 3.5% (1996)

Labor force: 3.4 million
By occupation agriculture: 85%
By occupation and construction: 6%
By occupation transport and services: 9%
Labor force

Unemployment rate: 22% (1991)

Youth unemployment

Population below poverty line: 86% (1993 est.)

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget
Revenues: $888 million
Expenditures: $835 million, including capital expenditures of $110 million (1995 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

Public debt

Revenue

Fiscal year: calendar year

Inflation rate consumer prices

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares

Current account balance

Exports: $905 million (f.o.b., 1998 est.)
Commodities: copper, cobalt, zinc, lead, tobacco
Partners: Japan, South Africa, US, Saudi Arabia, India, Thailand, Malaysia (1997)

Imports: $1.1 billion (f.o.b., 1998 est.)
Commodities: machinery, transportation equipment, foodstuffs, fuels, petroleum products, electricity, fertilizer
Partners: South Africa 48%, Saudi Arabia, UK, Zimbabwe (1997)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

Debt external: $7.1 billion (1997 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates: Zambian kwacha (ZK) per US$1_1,428 (October 1998), 1,333.81 (1997), 1,203.71 (1996), 857.23 (1995), 669.37 (1994)


Zambia - Energy 1999
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Electricity
Production: 7.84 billion kWh (1996)
Production by source fossil fuel: 0.51%
Production by source hydro: 99.49%
Production by source nuclear: 0%
Production by source other: 0% (1996)
Consumption: 6.393 billion kWh (1996)
Exports: 1.47 billion kWh (1996)
Imports: 23 million kWh (1996)

Coal

Petroleum

Crude oil

Refined petroleum

Natural gas

Carbon dioxide emissions

Energy consumption per capita


Zambia - Communication 1999
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Telephones: 80,900 (1987 est.)

Telephone system: facilities are among the best in Sub-Saharan Africa
Domestic: high-capacity microwave radio relay connects most larger towns and cities
International: satellite earth stations_2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean)

Broadcast media

Internet

Broadband fixed subscriptions


Zambia - Military 1999
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Military expenditures
Dollar figure: $76 million (1997)
Percent of gdp: 1.8% (1997)

Military and security forces

Military service age and obligation

Space program

Terrorist groups


Zambia - Transportation 1999
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National air transport system

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

Airports: 112 (1998 est.)
With paved runways total: 12
With paved runways over 3047 m: 1
With paved runways 2438 to 3047 m: 3
With paved runways 15-24 to 2437 m: 5
With paved runways 914 to 1523 m: 2
With paved runways under 914 m: 1 (1998 est.)
With unpaved runways total: 100
With unpaved runways 2438 to 3047 m: 1
With unpaved runways 15-24 to 2437 m: 2
With unpaved runways 914 to 1523 m: 66
With unpaved runways under 914 m: 31 (1998 est.)

Heliports

Pipelines: crude oil 1,724 km

Railways
Total: 2,164 km (1995)
Narrow gauge: 2,164 km 1.067-m gauge (13 km double track)
Note: the total includes 891 km of the Tanzania-Zambia Railway Authority (TAZARA), which operates 1,860 km of 1.067-m narrow gauge track between Dar es Salaam and Kapiri Mposhi where it connects to the Zambia Railways system; TAZARA is not a part of Zambia Railways

Roadways

Waterways: 2,250 km, including Zambezi and Luapula rivers, Lake Tanganyika

Merchant marine

Ports and terminals


Zambia - Transnational issues 1999
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Disputes international: quadripoint with Botswana, Namibia, and Zimbabwe is in disagreement

Refugees and internally displaced persons

Illicit drugs: transshipment point for methaqualone, heroin, and cocaine bound for Southern Africa and Europe; regional money-laundering center


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